Mustn’t – Needn’t – Don’t have to

· mustn’t = it is forbidden to do smth / you are not allowed to do smth We use mustn’t to express prohibition. E.g. They mustn’t play on the railway tracks.

· needn’t = it isn’t necessary to do smth We use needn’t to express lack of necessity. We can also use don’t/doesn’t need to or don’t/doesn’t have to for the same purpose. E.g. The farmer needn’t / doesn’t need to / doesn’t have to buy any eggs. (= It isn’t necessary for the farmer to buy any eggs.)

1. Fill in the gaps with must or have to in the correct form. Sometimes it is possible to use either.

1. You really _______ work harder if you want to pass that examination. 2. Many children in Britain _______ wear uniform when they go to school. 3. Last night Don suddenly got ill. We _______ call the doctor. 4. Ann _______ wear glasses since she was eight years old. 5. I’m afraid I can’t come tomorrow. I _________ work late. 6. I’m sorry I couldn’t come yesterday. I ________ work late. 7. Tom may ________ go away next week. 8. We couldn’t repair the car ourselves. We _________ take it to the garage. 9. When you come to London, you ______ come and see her. 10. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I ______ go now. 11. Ann was feeling ill last night. She ______ leave the party early.

 

2. Fill in the gaps with must, mustn’t or needn’t/don’t have to.

A) 1. A: Shall I help you with your shopping? B: No, you ____________ . I can manage by myself. 2. A: You _________ play football inside the house. B: I’m sorry. I’ll go outside. 3. A: Do you want anything from the supermarket? B: No, you _________ get me anything today, thank you. I’m going out myself. 4. A: You _________ be late for work tomorrow morning. B: I know. I’ll try to arrive early. 5. A: You ______ take these books out of the library. B: I know. It’s forbidden. 6. A: You ______ study hard to pass the exams. B: I know. I study every evening. 7. A: Shall I make an appointment for you at the dentist’s? B: No, you __________. I’ll do it myself next week. 8. A: Shall I collect the children from the party. B: No, you ________ collect them. Mrs Shaw is giving them a lift home. 9. A: You ________ interrupt people while people are talking. B: No, it’s a very bad manner to do that. 10. A: My dog has been ill for a week. B: Oh dear! You ________ take him to the vet. 11. A: Shall I wash the dishes for you? B: No, you ________ do that. I’ll do it later. 12. A: It’s Sally’s birthday on Wednesday. B: I know. I ________ remember buy her a present.

 

B)‘Welcome to ‘Finest Foods’ factory. We are happy that you have come to work with us. Before you start work, I want to familiarise you with some rules and regulations. First of all, you 1) ___________ wear the uniforms which are supplied, and you 2) ___________ keep your hair covered at all times. You 3) __________ wear gloves unless you choose to, except in a few special areas. You 4) __________ smoke anywhere in the factory apart from the canteen, and you 5) __________ forget to wash your hands after breaks. You 6) __________ stay in the factory during the breaks, but you 7) __________ clock in and out if you do leave the premises. You 8) __________ work overtime, but we do encourage our workers to do so if they wish to. Last but not least, if you have any problems, you 9) __________ go to your supervisor who will help you to sort them out.’

 

3. Rephrase the following sentences using must, mustn’t, needn’t, has to  or doesn’t have to.

1. You aren’t allowed to park your car in the college car park. You _________________

2. I strongly advise you to speak to your parents about your decision. _______________

3. It isn’t necessary for Emma to attend tomorrow’s staff meeting. __________________

4. Jack is obliged to wear a suit and a tie at work. _______________________________

5. I’m sure Antonio is from Milan. ___________________________________________

6. It’s necessary for Roger to find a job soon. ___________________________________

7. It’s forbidden to use mobile phones inside the hospital. _________________________

8. Susan is obliged to work overtime because her boss says so. ______________________

 

Need

· need = it is necessary to E.g. Need I talk to the boss right away?

Note: Need can be used as a main verb or as a modal verb with no difference in meaning. When it is used as a main verb it is followed by a to-infinitive and takes –s in the third person singular. We form the questions and negations with do/does. E.g. Mike needs to buy some new clothes. You don’t need to do this right now.  

Need is used as a modal verb mainly in questions and  negations. E.g. Need I book a room in advance? (Also: Do I need to book…?) You needn’t give me a lift home. (Also: You don’t need to give… .)

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