Secondary Emergency Services

There are other emergency services, which are often provided by one of the three core services, but other times provided by separate body.

Mountain rescue refers to search and rescue activities that occur in a mountainous environment, although the term is sometimes also used to apply to search and rescue in other wilderness environments. The difficult and remote nature of the terrain in which mountain rescue often occurs has resulted in the development of a number of specific pieces of equipment and techniques. Helicopters are often used to quickly extract casualties, and search dogs may be used to locate them. Mountain rescue services may be paid professionals or

volunteer professionals. Paid rescue services are more likely to exist in places with a high demand such as the Alps, national parks with mountain terrain and many ski resorts.

 

 

 

A mountain rescue helicopter in the Bavarian Alps

 

However, the labor-intensive and occasional nature of mountain rescue, along with the specific techniques and local knowledge re­quired for some environments, means that mountain rescue is often undertaken by voluntary teams. These are frequently made up of local climbers and guides. Often paid rescue services may work in co-operation with voluntary services. For instance, a paid helicopter rescue team may work with a volunteer mountain rescue team on the ground. Mountain rescue is often free, although in some parts of the world rescue organizations may charge for their services. But there are also exceptions, e. g. Switzerland, where mountain rescue is high­ly expensive (some 2,000 to 4,000 USD) and will be charged to the patient. In more remote or less-developed parts of the world organ­ized mountain rescue services are often negligible or non-existent.

Mine rescue is the specialized job of rescuing miners and others who have become trapped or injured in underground mines, often coalmines. Its members are recruited from men who are experienced in working underground in mines and with the various sorts of mine machinery that they may come across or have to find a way round during the rescue.

Mine rescue teams are specialized teams of men who are familiar with procedures used to rescue people trapped in mines by hazards. Hazards in mines may include fires, explosions, cave-in, toxic gas and

water entering the mine. Most mine rescue teams are composed of teams of miners who know the mine. Local and state governments also have teams of persons on call ready to respond to mine accidents.

Mining laws of today require trained, properly equipped mine rescue teams to be maintained at all mining operations, both surface (open pit) and underground.

Mine rescue is a dangerous task and rescue crews are made up of volunteers who risk their lives to save their fellow workers.

In Britain, mine rescue men are sometimes called to investigate holes in the ground that have appeared because of land subsidence into old mineshafts and mine workings.

Bomb disposal is the process by which hazardous explosive de­vices are rendered safe. "Bomb disposal" is an all encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military, public safety and civilian fields.

Search and rescue (acronym SAR) is an operation mounted by emergency services, often well-trained volunteers, to find someone believed to be in distress, lost, sick or injured either in a remote or dif­ficult to access area, such as mountains, desert or forest ("Wilderness search and rescue"), or at sea, whether close to shore or not. The term can also be applied in urban situations when young children or senile people wander away from their homes and cannot be found.

Urban search and rescue (also known as Suburban Search and Rescue as USAR Teams often relates to structural collapses and other technical rescue) operations are search and rescue operations conducted in a city. One of the most common is searching for peo­ple buried as a result of a building collapse, as might happen after an earthquake. Sometimes, urban searches are performed for miss­ing persons with certain criteria (for example, missing Alzheimer’s patients with a history of wandering away from their home). Also, a wilderness search may become transition into an urban search. This is common when lost children are involved.

Maritime search and rescue services such as the local coast guard or lifeboat.

Blood or Organ Transplant Supply — organizations that pro­vide organs or blood on an emergency basis, such as the National Blood Service of the United Kingdom.

 

4. Составьте реферат текста на русском языке. Прежде прочи­тайте следующую информацию:

· to summarize — реферировать

· summary — реферат

Реферат — это сжатое изложение текста, содержащее основ­ные факты и выводы.

Рефераты по одному источнику называ­ются монографическими, а по нескольким источникам на одну тему — обзорными.

Для реферата характерна самостоятельная форма, которая отличается стройной последовательностью из­ложения и постоянством структуры. В реферате отражается только основная информация, заключенная в тексте.

Чтобы правильно составить реферат, нужно:

1) ознакомиться с содержа­нием текста и определить значения незнакомых слов, мешаю­щих пониманию текста, по контексту или с помощью словаря;

2) определить степень важности материала. Наиболее важная информация требует точного отражения в ре­ферате, второстепенная информация передается в сокращенном виде, а малозначимая информация опускается.

3) языко­вой материал обрабатывается и излагается в реферате.

 

Для ре­ферата характерны некоторые устойчивые выражения — рече­вые клише:

· This text deals with (is about, is devoted to, dwells upon, consid­ers, tells us about, presents, is connected with, etc.) smth.

· The text gives figures (facts, data, diagrams, pictures, examples) illustrating smth.

· The text contains the description (information, examination, investigation) of some process (activities, problems) concerning smth.

· The main idea of the text is...

· The text describes methods (of rescue) / types (of emergency services) / features (of firefight equipment).

· In my opinion...

· It should be noted ...

· It should be mentioned ...

· In conclusion...

· To sum up ...

 

Образец реферата текста Secondary Emer ­ gency Services на английском языке.

This text deals with secondary emergency services. In the first part of it mountain rescue is described. In the second part mine res­cue is under consideration. Then bomb disposal is dwelled upon. The text also provides information about different types of search and rescue operations. In conclusion "Blood or Organ Transplant Supply” organizations are mentioned. It should be noted this text is highly informative, it contains the description of secondary emer­gency services activities, as well as their equipment, the methods they use and the hazards they face with.

 

5. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. bomb disposal — обезвреживание неразорвавшихся бомб

2. hazardous — опасный

3. explosive  — взрывчатый; разрывной, взрывной (о сна­рядах, боеприпасах, веществах)

4. encompass — окружать; заключать

5. squad — группа; команда; отделение

6. suspicious — подозрительный

7. parcel — пакет, сверток

8. approach — приближаться

9. wrapping paper — оберточная бумага

 

Bomb disposal is the process by which hazardous explosive de­vices are rendered safe. "Bomb disposal" is an all encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military, public safety and civilian fields.

 

7. Прочитайте рассказ и ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What does Peter do?

2. What is he doing at the moment?

3. What has he got round his neck?

4. What can Peter hear coming from a carrier bag?

5. What are the two things that might be in there?

6. What is the first parcel wrapped in?

7. What is in this parcel?

8. What is in the brown parcel?

9. What is printed on the lid of the green parcel?

10. What is in the parcel?

 

Peter is a young officer in the bomb disposal squad. He is at present examining a suspicious parcel in a carrier bag in a big store.

He has a microphone round his neck and he is reporting exactly what he is doing to his Commanding Officer.

"I am now approaching the carrier bag, and I can hear a ticking sound. I am now looking in a carrier bag. There are three parcels here. I am removing the first one now. It is wrapped in white paper. It feels soft. I am unwrapping it now. It’s a piece of fish.

"Here’s something else. This is wrapped in brown paper. It’s also soft. I am unwrapping it now. It’s a green jumper.

"Now here’s a square box. It could be an ordinary alarm clock; however, it might be a bomb. It’s ticking. The box is wrapped in blue paper. I am unwrapping it now. Inside there is a green box with "Smith’s Clocks" painted on the lid. I can’t see any wires. I’m taking off the lid now... Gee, it’s an alarm clock!"

 

Обратите внимание на фразу: I am approaching i he carrier bag. Питер использует am approaching, чтобы описать, что с ним происходит в момент речи. Такая форма называет­ся Present Continuous и строится при помощи глагола to be в настоящем времени и глагола в форме V + ing . Эту форму надо отличать от глаголов в форме Present Simple (Present Indefinite).Cp. два предложения:  He speaks English, (in general) He is speaking English, (at the moment)

 

8. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму.

Peter (work) for the bomb disposal squad. When people (find) something that (look) like a bomb, the bomb disposal squad are called, and they have to find out if it (be) a bomb or not. Today is Monday. At the moment Peter (not examine) any strange parcels. He (sit) in his office and (read) a number of official letters and documents.

Whenever the bomb disposal squad (find) a new sort of bomb, they always (send) a full description of it to all the bomb disposal teams. So Peter always (read) his official letters very carefully and (study) the diagrams they may contain.

 

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