СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ ПО ВНЕАУДИТОРНОМУ ЧТЕНИЮ

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КЕРЧЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МОРСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ ПО ВНЕАУДИТОРНОМУ ЧТЕНИЮ

ДЛЯ

СТУДЕНТОВ IV КУРСА СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «СУДОВОЖДЕНИЕ»

Преп. Осипова М.А

Керчь 2012

Предисловие

Данный сборник текстов по внеаудиторному чтению предназначен для студентов 4 курса дневной и заочной форм обучения по специальности «Судовождение».

Цель пособия - развитие навыков чтения, перевода и общения на английском языке. Работая с представленным материалом, студенты смогут в достаточной степени овладеть минимумом, необходимым для чтения лоций и карт на английском языке.

Сборник текстов включает в себя тексты лоций и упражнений

Text 1

KERCH STRAIT

GENERAL INFORMATION

Charts 2234, 2216, 2242

Route and topography

Kerch Strait, known to the Russians as Kerchens'kyy Pivostriv, separates the E part of Krymsk'yy Pivostriv (Crimea) from Tamanskiy Pivostrov and connects the Black Sea with Sea of Azov. The strait varies much in width and is encumbered by extensive shallow banks and shoals, through which the Kerch-Yenikal'skiy Kanal has been dredged.

Limiting depths

The limiting depths in Kerch Strait are those in Kerch-Yenikal'skiy Kanal.

Railway ferry

Railway ferry crossing area (45°21'N, 36°39'E). See 8.44.

Principal marks 8.14

The following peaks are visible from all parts of the strait:

Hora Mitridat (45°21'N, 36°28'E) (8.47).

Gora Gorelaya (45°20'N, 36°49'E) (8.47).

Hora Khrony (45°23'N, 36°36'E) (8.47).

Pilotage 8.15

North-bound, Pilots embark at No 1 Light-buoy (W cardinal) (45°12'N, 36°28'E), close S of the entrance to the Kerch-Yenikal'skiy Kanal.

South-bound, Pilots board in position 45°27'-5N, 36°41'-5E.

Ship Movement Control Service. 8.16

Location. A Ship Movement Control Service is controlled from the Mys Zmeynyy Control and Radar Centre (45°20'-8N, 36°32'-7E) that controls and coordinates shipping movements in the area between Anchorage area No 450 (45°11'N, 36°29'E) and Anchorage areas No 453 (45°29'N, 36°38'E) and No 454 (45°29'N, 36°45'E).

GMDSS. A GMDSS station is located within the Mys Zmeynyy Control and Radar Centre.

Communications. All vessels approaching this area must keep constant watch on VHF. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6(3) for details.

Regulations for navigation of Kerch Strait 8.17

The following instructions are extracts from the Regulations of the Port of Kerch' (1978 edition):

Notice of ETA. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6(3) for details.

No vessels may enter the area (8.16) controlled under the Traffic Management System without permission.

This permission is in force for 30 minutes, after which time, permission must be requested again.

The passage draught allowed for the navigation of Kerch Strait will be promulgated by the Harbour Master at Kerch'.

Speed limitations:

Vessels with draught of less than 5 m—11 kn. Other vessels—9 kn. except between the meridians 36°35'0E and 36°37'-5E, where the speed of ships must not exceed 6 kn.

Vessels with a draught of 7-5 m and above must carry lights and shapes as prescribed by Rule 28 of The International Rules for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972).

During fog, haze and falling snow, navigation in the channel is prohibited except where carried out with permission under the Ship Movement Control Service.

Vessels leaving lateral channels to join the main channel, and leaving the main channel to join lateral channels, must give way to vessels proceeding along the main channel.

Overtaking of ships in the channel is permitted. Right of way at canal turns:

Vessels with a draught of less than 7-5 m give way to other vessels.

If both vessels have a draught of 7-5 m or more, the vessel making a turn to port has right of way. Vessels giving way must remain 5 cables from the turn until the other vessel is clear.

Natural conditions 8.18

Ice appears almost every year in Kerch Strait in the second half of December. The ice cover is often broken up under the influence of the current and winds. In very severe winters when the winds are from the NW, the passage is covered by relatively firm ice. Ice normally clears in the second half of March.

Ice from Sea of Azov usually enters the passage in masses and piles up on the Kosa Chushka (45°23'N, 36°44'E) (8.52) and Kosa Tuzla (45°16'N, 36°33'E). A considerable amount of the ice penetrates into the S part of the strait.

8.19

Currents in Kerch Strait depend mainly on the winds and to a lesser extent on the flow of water from Sea of Azov. A S current is most common particularly when winds are from the N. A N current from the Black Sea is less common and usually occurs when the winds are S.

Mean speed of currents is between 0,1 and 0, 5 kn, but in the narrows when there is a strong wind, the strength of the current may reach 3 kn. The strongest and best established current has been observed between Mys Fanar (45°23'N, 36°39'E) (8.47) and Kosa Chushka and between Mys Pavlovskyy (45°18'N, 36°29'E) (8.47) and Kosa Tuzla, 2 miles SE.

8.20

Water level. Strong NE winds lower, and SW winds raise the level of the water in the strait. A difference of as much as 1 m has been observed in this level. 8.21

Local magnetic anomaly is reported to exist in the strait.

General information

Charts 2233, 2216, 2242

Route

8.22

Recommended routes Nos 85 and 86 lead N and S, respectively, between their junctions with routes Nos 83 and 84 (44°10'N, 36°30'E) and the S end of the traffic separation scheme (44°50'N, 36°30'E) (8.25) as shown on the chart.

Topography 8.23

From Mys Opuk (45°02'N, 36°14'E) (7.56) to Mys Takyl' (11 miles ENE), the coast, which is backed by fairly high uplands is marked by several landslips that are reddish or ash grey in colour.

From Mys Zheleznyy Rog (45°07'N, 36°44'E) (8.28) to Mys Panagiya (5 miles WNW) the coast is backed by uplands rising to heights of over 100 m.

Fish haven 8.24

A fish haven, the limits of which is shown on the chart, is centred 1 ¼ miles SSE of Mys Takyl'. Buoys (special) mark the limits.

Traffic regulations 8.25

Traffic separation scheme, which is shown on the chart, is situated at the N end of Recommended routes Nos 85 and 86 at the entrance of Kerch Strait. This scheme is IMO-adopted and Rule 10 of the International Regulations for preventing Collisions at Sea (1972) apply.

Area into which entry is prohibited:

The E limit of Prohibited Area No 115 (7.14) lies close W of the traffic separation scheme.

Areas periodically dangerous for navigation:

The E limit of Area 731 lies 1 ½ miles W of Recommended route No 86 between the parallel of 44°22'N and the S end of the traffic separation scheme. See Appendix II.

Natural conditions 8.26

NE winds prevail throughout the greater part of the year, giving place in summer to SW winds which blow only during the day. Gales are mainly NE and are most frequent in autumn and winter.

Fogs are most frequent during the spring, especially during May.

Principal marks 8.27

Landmarks:

Mys Takyl' (45°06'N, 36°27'E). A high rounded bluff with cliffs.

Hora Khoruchuoba (45°06'N, 36°24'E).

Gora Zclenskogo (45°09'N, 36°42'E).

Major lights:

Kyz-Aul'skiy Light (white 8-sided tower, black stripes, 31 m in height) (45°04'N, 36°22'E).

Takil'skiy Light (black square metal framework tower, 11 m in height) (45°06'N, 36°27'E).

Mys Zheleznyy Rog Light (black daymark on metal framework tower, 16 m in height) (45°07'N, 36°44TE).

Directions

8.28

Initial position. 44°10'N, 36°30'E.

Recommended route No 85 and the traffic separation scheme lead N for 56 miles to the S entrance of Kerch Strait, passing (with positions from Takil'skiy Light (8.27)):

E of Area No 731 (8.25), thence:

E of a light-buoy (S cardinal) (16 miles SSE) which marks the S end of the traffic separation scheme. Thence:

E of Prohibited Area No 115 (7.14), thence:

E of a light-buoy (S cardinal) ( 5 ½ miles S) which marks the S limit of Banka Anisimova. Thence:

E of Banka Kyz-Aul'skaya (4 miles SW), thence:.

E of Mys Kyz-Aul (4 miles SW). The point is formed by high, light coloured landslip. Attention is drawn to unmarked dangerous rocks and a wreck which lie 2 ½ miles E of Mys Kyz-Aul Light. Thence:

W of a light-buoy (S cardinal) (10 ½ mile ESE) which marks the S extremity of a number of banks that extend up to 5 miles SW of Mys Zheleznyy Rog. Thence:

W of Mys Zheleznyy Rog (12 miles E), a broad bluff reddish coloured headland. Thence:

W of 3 platforms (10 miles E). In 2002 works were in progress in this area on the construction of a liquid ammonia transhipment terminal. Thence:

E of Mys Takyl' (8.27). This headland is fringed by a rocky bank, with depths of less than 2 m over it, which extends 5 cables E and 1 mile SSE. The E side of the bank is marked by a light-buoy (E cardinal). A dangerous wreck lies 5 cables ESE of the light-buoy. Thence:

Close W of a wreck with a depth of 12 m over it (2³/4 miles E), which lies close to the E edge of the TSS. A dangerous wreck lies 3 cables farther E.

Thence:

W of Mys Panagiya (8 miles ENE); a light (red metal column, 8 m in height) stands on this headland. Rif Trutayeva, on which there are numerous wrecks and obstructions, extends 2 miles W from the headland and is marked by a buoy (W cardinal). Thence:

E of a light-buoy (N cardinal) (2 miles ENE) which marks the N end of the traffic separation scheme. S-bound traffic follows the traffic separation scheme passing W of the light-buoys marking its ends and then follows Recommended route No 86, 3 miles W of Recommended route No 85.

SOUTH PART OF KERCH STRAIT

General information

Chart 2242

Route

8.29

Recommended route No 12, which is shown on the chart, consists of two legs which lead NNW and then N from the N end of the traffic separation scheme (45°07'N, 36°30'E) to the S entrance of the Kerch-Yenikal'skiy Kanal (45°12N 36°28'E), a distance of 5/2 miles.

Topography

8.30

The coast on either side of the S part of Kerch Strait is high, with cliffs, The W side is reddish in colour and indented by two valley.

Dangers. Both shores are encumbered by shallow banks and obstructions, the details of which can best be seen on the chart.

Fish havens

8.31

Fish havens, the limits of which are shown on the chart, are situated 2 and 5 miles N of Mys Takyl'. Buoys (special) mark part of the limits of these havens.

Pilotage
8.32

See 8.5.

Traffic regulations

8.33

Ship movement control service controls the movement of vessels in the S part of Kerch Strait. See 8.16.

Anchorages

8.34

Two anchorage areas are situated in the S part of Kerch Strait (with positions from Mys Takyl' (45°06'N, 36°27'E): Area No 451 (SVS miles NE), for large vessels and vessels with dangerous cargoes. Area No 450 (5 miles NNE).

Natural conditions

8.35

See 8.8.

Principal marks

8.36

Landmarks:

Hill (58 m high) (45°10'N, 36°25'E) standing 2 cables SW of Mys Malyy, which is a cliff between a valley and a sandy beach. Lattice tower (45°12'N, 36°36'E) standing close NE of Mys Tuzla, a low bluff point.

Gora Lysaya (45°13'N, 36°42'E). The N face appears as a blunt headland with a white cliff face. Major lights:

Takil'skiy Light (45°06'N, 36°27'E) (8.27).

Burunskyy Directional Light (45°14'N, 36°24'E) (8.37).

Pavlovskyy Leading Lights (45°18'N, 36°27'E) (8.37).

Directions

8.37

Initial position. In the vicinity of the light-buoy (45°07'N, 36°30'E) marking the N end of the traffic separation scheme.

Burunskyy Directional Light:

(White 8-sided stone tower, 11 m in height) (45°14'N, 36°24'E).

The line of bearing (329°) of this light leads NW for 2V2 miles to a buoy (safe water), passing NE of a charted obstruction with a depth of 6-2 m over it. Pavlovskyy Leading Lights:

Front light (white 8-sidcd stone tower, 17 m in height)

(45°18'N, 36°27'E).

Rear light (black square, on metal framework tower, 15 m in height) (640 m from front light).

The alignment (356¹/2°) of these lights leads N along the recommended track for 2 ¾ miles to the S entrance of Kerch-Yenikal'skiy Kanal at Nos 1 and 2 Light-buoys (W cardinal and port hand, respectively) and the pilot boarding point, passing:

Between two obstructions, 3 cables apart, with charted

depths of 10 and 9-2 m, respectively.

W of Anchorage area No 450 (8.34).

Caution. There are many dangers in this part of Kerch Strait and deep draught vessels must adhere closely to the leading line. Owing to the short distance between the light-structures and the great difference of their elevation, this

leading line is not sensitive, and care should be taken when using it.

Ex.1. General understanding:

1. Where is Kerch Strait situated?

2. What are the principle marks visible from the all parts of the strait?

3. What are the main regulations for navigation of Kerch Strait?

4. What do the currents in Kerch Strait depend on?

5. What can you tell about topography?

6. What service controls the movement of vessels in the S part of Kerch Strait?

7. How many anchorages are in the S part of K.S?

8. What can you tell about pilotage in this area?

Text 2

KERCH-YENIKAL'SKIY KANAL

General information

Chart 2242 (see 1.16)

Route

8.38

The Kerch-Yenikal'skiy Kanal leads generally NE along Recommended route No 12 for 18'/2 miles through a buoyed channel from Nos 1 and 2 Light-buoys (45°12'N, 36°28'E) to Nos 51 and 52 Light-buoys (45°26'N, 36°41'E).

The canal is divided into four reaches named, from S to N, Pavlovskoye, Burunskoyc, Yenikal'skoye and Chushkinskoye.

Topography

8.39

The coast on both sides of the canal is generally high. On the W side, the coast is indented by a number of bays and inlets. On the E side, sandy spits, which are low lying, extend from the coast.

Dangers. For almost the entire length of the canal, there are a large number of dangers close to its edge.

Buoyage

8.40

The canal is marked by pairs of buoys and light-buoys which are numbered consecutively from the S entrance. The majority of these marks are lateral buoys, but cardinal marks indicate the end of each reach.

Least depth and width

8.41

Least depths in the canal, which is surveyed frequently, are promulgated about twice a year. The most recent information available (2001) gives the following least depths and widths. Latest depths should be obtained from local authorities.

Reach Least depth (m) Width (m)

Pavloskoye 8-3 120

45°15'N, 36°27'E

Burunskoye 8-3 120

45°17'N, 36°28'E

Yenikal'skoye 8-0 120

45°20'N, 36°35'E

Chushkinskoye 8-0 120

45°22'N, 36°39'E

Pilotage

8.42

See 8.5.

Traffic regulations

8.43

Areas which should be avoided:

Area No 850 situated 2'/2 miles WSW of Mys Pavlovskyy (8.47).

Area No 851 situated 1 ¼ miles WSW of Mys Pavlovskyy (8.47).

Area No 852 extending SE from Port Krym (45°22’N, 36°38'E).

Area No 853 extending SE from Mys Yenykale

(45°21'N, 36°36'E)

Rail ferry crossing zone

8.44

A rail ferry crosses Kerch Strait between Port Krym (45°22'N, 36°38'E) and Port Kavkaz (2 ½ miles SE). The following regulations apply in the railway ferry crossing zone, an area about 1 mile wide, the position of which is shown on the chart:

All vessels, irrespective of draught, must navigate within the limits of the canal and keep not less than 5 cables apart.

Anchoring and fishing are prohibited within the ferry zone.

Signals. Vessels with a draught of more than 4 m or length of 90 m must exhibit in addition to the usual signals:

By day—Black ball

By night—All round red light visible 3 miles.

Ferries exhibit 2 all round green lights, vertically disposed.

Right of way. Ferries give way to vessels showing a black ball or red light. Smaller vessels give way to ferries. except in limited visibility, when ferries give way to all vessels navigating in the canal.

8.45

See 8.17.

Natural conditions

8.46

See 8.8.

Principal marks

8.47

Landmarks:

Monument (45°14'N, 36°25'E).

Mys Pavlovskyy (45°18'N, 36°29'E), which is bluff and rises in whitish cliffs that arc visible from S entrance of strait.

Obelisk (45°18'N, 36°28'E), which is white and square and is surmounted by a spire 5 m in height. It stands on a burial ground.

Tower (45°19'N, 36°29'E).

Mys Belyy (45°19'N36°30'E), A cliff face composed of white rocks that are conspicuous from S.

Hora Mitridat (45°21'N, 36°28'E). An obelisk war memorial stands on the summit above a conspicuous building with a glass facade.

Tower (45°21'N, 36°33'E).

Tower (45°21'N, 36°32'E).

Monument (45°21'N, 36°36'E).

Mys Yenykale (45°21'N, 36°36'E), a gentle sloping headland. The village of Sipyagino and the walls of an ancient ruined fortress stand within the headland.

Gora Gorelaya (Chart 2216) (45°20'N, 36°49'E), conical in shape and the W peak of a range of hills that extends E.

Obelisk (45°23'N, 36°38'E).

Mys Fanar (45°23'N, 36°39'E), a steep rocky point that rises to a hill about 4 cables WNW which from a distance appears as an island. Yenykal'skyy Light stands on the hill. The S side of the cape rises from the plain in a steep white bluff.

Hora Khrony (45°23'N, 36°36'E) which rises from the E end of a ridge and is visible from the S entrance of the strait.

Mys Akhilleon (45°27'N, 36°47'E), a headland with cliffs that are coloured reddish grey in places.

8.48

Major lights:

Pavlovskyy Leading Lights (45°18'N, 36°27'E) (8.37).

Churubashskyy Light (41°15'N, 36°18'E) (8.53) (Chart 2216).

Tamanskiy Leading Lights (45°23'N, 36°44'E) (8.53). Yenykal'skyy Light (white round stone tower, 27 m in height) (45°23'N, 36°38'E).

Akhilleonskiy Light (black square on framework tower, 20 m in height) (45°26'N, 36°47'E).

Other navigational aids

8.49

DGPS:

Yenykal'skyy Light — as above.

Directions

(continued from 8.37)

8.50

Initial position. 45°12'N, 36°28'E, S of No 1 Light-buoy (W cardinal).

Routes. Vessels with draught over 4-5 m follow the buoyed channel throughout. Vessels with a lesser draught follow Recommended route No 52, partially marked by light-buoys and shown on the chart, for the first two reaches.

Pavlovskoye Koleno

8.51

Pavlovskyy Leading Lights (8.37). The alignment (356 ½ °) of these lights leads N for 4 ½ miles from No 1 Light-buoy (W cardinal) to No 9 Light-buoy (W cardinal), passing (with positions from Mys Belyy (8.47)):

E of Mys Kamysh-Burnu (5 ½ miles SSW), a bluff similar in appearance to Mys Malyy (8.36) which lies at the NE end of some hills that extend inland NNW. A sandy plain lies at the N of this headland.

Thence the track alters NE onto the Burunskyy Leading Lights.

Caution. Close S of No 6 Light-buoy (port hand), the channel passes 1 ½ cables E of an obstruction with a depth of 3 6 m over it. See also 8.37 concerning the sensitivity of the transit.

Burunskoye Koleno

8.52

Burunskyy Leading Lights:

Front light (white 8-sided stone tower, 16 m in height)

(45°14'N, 36⁰251S). Rear light (8.37) (7 cables from front light).

The alignment (217¹/2°), astern, of these lights, visible on the leading line only, leads NE for 2 miles from No 11

Light-buoy (starboard hand) to No 19 Light-buoy (N cardinal), passing (with positions from Mys Belyy (45°19'N, 36°30'E)):

SE of the entrance to Bukhta Kamysh-Burunskaya (3 miles SW) (8.56), thence:

NW of Kosa Tuzla (3 miles SE). A low sandy island which, due to refraction, can often be seen from the S entrance of Kerch Strait. A number of conspicuous buildings stand on the island.

Thence the track alters ENE onto the alignment of Kamysh-Burunskyy and Churubashskyy Lights, and the Tamanskiy Leading Lights.

Cautions. The outline of Kosa Tuzla, especially the position of its NW and SE ends, is subject to considerable change and should not be used for taking bearings.

Close S of No 17 Buoy, the channel passes 1 cable NW of a wreck with a depth of 4-6 m over it.

Yenikal'skoye Koleno 8.53

The start of Yenikal'skoye Koleno is marked by the alignment (355'/2°) of Pavlovskiye Sekushchiye Leading Lights:

Front light (black triangle on white square, black stripe, 6 m in height) (45°18'-5N, 36°29'-lE).

Rear light (white rectangle, black stripe, 7 m in height) (590 m from front light).

Leading lights:

Kamysh-Burunskyy Light (white round concrete tower, 32 m in height) (45°17'N, 36°25'E).

Churubashskyy Light (black rectangle, red stripe on framework tower, 31 m in height) (5 miles WSW of front light.

Tamanskiy Leading Lights:

Front light (white rectangle, red stripe on metal framework tower, 21 m in height) (45°23'N, 36°44'E).

Rear light (black rectangle, red stripe on metal framework tower, 43 m in height) (3³/4 miles ENE of front light) (Chart 2216).

The alignment (246³/4°), astern, of the Kamysh-Burunskyy and Churubashskyy Lights and the alignment (066 ¾ °) of the Tamanskiy Leading Lights, visible on the leading line only, leads ENE for 8 miles from No 19 Light-buoy (N cardinal) to No 41 Light-buoy (N cardinal), passing (with positions from Mys Yenykale (45°21'N, 36°36'E)):

NW of No 19 Light-buoy (N cardinal) (5 ¾ miles SW).

This light-buoy marks the NW extremity of a flat that extends NW from Kosa Tuzla. Thence: NW of Anchorage area No 452 (5 miles SW), thence: SE of Mys Zmeynyy (2'/2 miles W), which may be identified by a high rock situated near it. Thence:

NW of No 35 Buoy (starboard hand) which marks the end of a row of submerged piles (the underwater remains of a ruined railway bridge and aerial ropeway) which extends NW from the SW extremity of Kosa Chushka. Thence:

NW of the SW part of Kosa Chushka, a sandy spit which runs for 10 miles SW from Mys Akhilleon (45°26'N, 36°47'E) (8.47).

Thence the track alters NNE onto the Chushkinskiy Leading Lights.

Cautions. Yenikal'skoye Koleno passes through shallow water, particularly in the vicinity of Tserkovnyye Banki (45°21'N, 36°36'E) and through waters dangerous to navigation at its NE end. Vessels must therefore adhere closely to the leading line when navigating this reach of the

canal. The fairway is obstructed in places by the anchors of some of the channel buoys.

When between Nos 20 and 22 Buoys, the tower of Kamysh-Burunskyy Light obscures the tower of Churubashskyy Light.

Railway ferry crossing zone. See 8.44.

Chushkinskoye Koleno

8.54

Initial position. 45°21'N, 36°40'E.

Chushkinskiy Leading Lights:

Front light (white stone tower, 18 m in height)

(45°19'N, 36°39'E).

Rear light (similar structure, 24 m in height) (6 cables from front light).

The alignment (194 ¼ °), astern, of these lights leads NNE for 6 miles from close S of No 43 Light-buoy (W cardinal) to the pilot boarding position situated in the N entrance of Kerch Strait, passing (with positions from Yenykal'skyy Light (45°23'N, 36°38'E) (8.48)):

ESE of Mys Fanar (4 cables SE) (8.47), thence:

ESE of Mys Varzovka ( 2 ½ miles NNW), white precipitous cliffs. Thence:

Between Nos 51 Light-buoy (W cardinal) and 52 Light-buoy (port hand) (3 miles NE). This pair of buoys marks the N entrance of the canal. Thence: ESE of Mys Khrony (4 miles NW), a high rounded sloping headland. Thence:

W of Mys Akhilleon (7 miles NE)

Anchorages and harbours

Anchorages

8.55

Area No 452. Kerchens'kyy cargo handling roadstead lies 1 mile SE of Mys Belyy (45°19'N, 36°30'E).

Areas Nos 453 and 454 are situated in the N entrance to the strait in positions 45°29'N, 36°38'E and 45°29'N, 36°45'E, respectively.

Area No 455 lies 1 ¾ miles E of Mys Fanar (8.47).

These areas are shown on the chart.

8.56

General information. Bukhta Kamysh-Burunskaya is entered between Mys Pavlovskyy (45°18'N, 36°29'E) (8.47) and the head of a sandy spit,2 ½ miles SW.

Directions. A buoyed channel, 150 m wide, leads W for about 1 mile from the junction of Pavlovskoye Koleno and Burunskoye Koleno to the entrance to the port of Arshyntsevo (45°16'N, 36°25'E). The track then continues WSW to the iron ore complex and S to other berths and fishing complexes.

Caution. The channel leading to Arshyntsevo is subject to considerable shoaling and the port authority must be consulted for the latest depth information.

Berths. The port consists of 2 berths handling coal and ore cargoes with depths alongside of 61 to 6-9 m, 10 other berths with depths alongside of up to 7-5 m and 3 fishing complexes with depths alongside of IT to 31 m. A dry dock is situated in the SW corner of the port.

Port Kavkaz

8.57

General information. Port Kavkaz is primarily a rail ferry port and is situated on the NW coast of Kosa Chushka (45°20'N, 36°40'E). It is a port of entry.

Directions. All ship movements within the port are regulated by the ship traffic control centre (TsUDS). Entrance is by means of the ferry leading lights (143¹/2°-323¹/2°).

Berths. The port consists of an oil pier, ferry jetty and general cargo berth. The maximum depth in the harbour is 4-7 m. A maximum under-keel clearance of 0-5 m is required giving a maximum permitted draught of 4-2 m. Ships of up to 130 m length and 14-5 m beam can be accepted subject to the above draught constraints.

Pilotage and tugs. Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot boards in position 45°21'N, 36°39'-5E. Towage is compulsory for vessels of 100 m and over. There are two tugs stationed in the port.

Kerchenskaya Bukhta

8.58

General information. Kerchenskaya Bukhta is entered between Mys Belyy (45°19'N, 36°30'E) and Mys Zmeynyy, 2 ¾ miles NE. The bay is shallow and the nature of the bottom is soft mud.

The town and port of Kerch' are situated in the NW part of the bay. Kerchens'kyy Fishing Port is situated in the W part of the bay.

Topography. The SW side of the bay, NW of Mys Belyy, is steep and in some places precipitous. Thence as far as the town of Kerch' the W side of the bay is low and fronted by a flat, with depths of less than 2 m, that extend up to 2 cables offshore.

Kerch'

8.59

General information. Kerch' (45°22'N, 36°29'E), which in 2002 had a population of 157 000, is an important industrial centre with local natural resources of minerals and natural gas. Local industries include metallurgical plant, engineering, steelworks, ship building and fisheries. The town is the seat of local government.

Approaches. Navigation through Kerch Strait is controlled by a Vessel Traffic Service (VTS Kerch Radio).

Traffic. In 2002 the port was used by 303 vessels with a total deadweight of 4 122 131 tonnes. Port Authority.

Kerch' Port Authority, Port Office, 28 Kirova Street, Kerch', Black Sea, Ukraine.

Limiting conditions. Least depth in the dredged approach channel is 7-8 m (2000). Vessels over 160 m in length are only handled in daylight hours.

Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot boards at the S end of the channel, off light-buoys Nos 1 and 2, in position 45°12'N, 36°28'E or at the N end of the channel 5 miles NNE of Mys Fanar (45°23'N, 36°39'E).

Tugs are available and their use is compulsory. The number is dependent on a vessel's length, displacement and draught.

Local weather. The prevailing winds are from the NE throughout most of the year but SW winds are possible during the day in summer. Fog is frequently experienced in spring, especially during May.

Climatic table. See 1.195 and 1.204.

Directions. The alignment (331 ¼ °) of leading lights leads NNW through a dredged channel which branches from Yenikal'skoye Koleno about I mile ESE of Mys Belyy. Other dredged channels lead to the fishing port (8.60) on the W side of the bay and the repair berth NE of the main berths.

Berths. There are several wharves and piers with depths from 6-7 m alongside.

Repairs. There are two floating dry-docks available with a lifting capacity of 8500 and 5000 tonnes respectively.

Facilities. Deratting.

Kerchens'kyy Fishing Port

8.60

General information. Kerchens'kyy Fishing Port (45°20'N, 36°28'E), a major fishing port, lies in the W part of Kerchenskaya Bukhta.

Limiting conditions. Least depth in the approach channel is 6-9 m (1994). Vessels in excess of 110 m in length are only handled in daylight hours.

Pilotage is compulsory and available 24 hours.

Tugs are available and their use is compulsory. The number being dependent on a vessels length, displacement and draught.

Directions. From a position about 9 cables SSE of Kerch', in the Kerchenskiy Approach Channel, the alignment (255 ½ °) of leading lights leads WSW through a dredged channel to a basin dredged to 7-4 m (1991).

Berths. There are 10 berths.

Repairs to fishing vessels are available.

Ex.1. General understanding:

1. How is canal divided into?

2. What is the topography?

3. Where is the large number of dangers?

4. How is canal marked?

5. What can you tell about least depth and width?

6. What are the main regulations in rail ferry crossing zone?

7. What are the lights situated in Burunskoye koleno?

8. What can you tell about Buhta Kamysh-Burunskaya and Arshyntsevo? (position, caution, berth)

9. What is the population in Kerch?

PASSAGE ACROSS SEA OF AZOV

General information

Charts 2234, 2242

Route

8.66

Recommended routes Nos 87 and 88, which are shown on the chart, lead N and S, respectively, between the N entrance of Kerch Strait and the traffic roundabout (46°30'N, 36°48'E) situated 8 miles SSE of the S extremity of Berdyans'ka Kosa.

Topography

8.67

Berdyans'ka Kosa is a sandy spit which extends about 6 miles SSW from the general run of the shore. The spit is low-lying and its narrow central portion has an elevation of only about 0, 3 m. There are a number of high buildings on the spit which are visible from about 10 miles.

Traffic regulations

8.68

Traffic separation schemes, which are shown on the chart, are situated at the N and S ends of Recommended routes Nos 87 and 88. These schemes are not IMO-adopted but the Ukrainian Authorities advise that the principles for the use of the routeing system defined in Rule 10 of The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972), apply.

Principal marks

8.71

Landmarks:

Hora Khrony (45°23'N, 36°36'E) (8.47).

Hora Temyroba (45°24'N, 36°33'E), rounded with regular shape.

Major lights:

Akhillconskiy Light (45°26'N, 36°47'E) (8.48).

Yenykal'skyy Light (45°23'N, 36°38'E) (8.48).

Mys Zyuk Light (black rectangle, 13 m in height) (45°29'N, 36°21'E).

Berdyanskiy Nizhniy Light (white 8-sided tower, red band, on white 2-storey building; 19 m in height) (46°38'N, 36°46'E).

Berdyanskiy Nizhniy Light (8.71)

Other navigational aids

8.72

Racons:

Berdyanskiy Nizhniy Light — as above.

Bilosarays'ka Light (46°53'N, 37°19'E) (8.104).

DGPS:

Yenykal'skyy Light — as above. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2 for details.

8.73

Radar reflectors, which are charted, have been erected on 3 beacons near the SW extremity of Berdyans'ka Kosa, within 6 cables of the lighthouse.

Directions

8.74

Initial position. 45°27'N, 36°44'E, in the N entrance of Kerch Strait.

Recommended route No 87, shown on the chart, leads N for about 65 miles to the traffic roundabout centred on 46°30'N, 36°48'E, passing (with positions from Berdyanskiy Nizhniy Light):

W of a wreck with a depth of 7-5 m over it, (38 miles SSE), thence:

Into the N-bound TSS in vicinity of 46°20'N, 36°50'E,

thence:

E of a wreck with a depth of 9,0 m over it, (14 miles S). Thence:

Clear of a wreck with a depth of 9-2 m over it, (8 miles SSE), thence:

Into the NE-bound TSS.

BERDYANS'K AND APPROACHES

General information

Position

8.76

Berdyans'k (46°45'N, 36°47'E) is situated in the NE part of Berdyans'ka Zatoka, a bay on the N coast of Sea of Azov.

Function

8.77

Berdyans'k, which in 2002 had a population of 122 000, is a seaport, agricultural centre and health resort.

Approaches 8.78

Reyd Berdyans'k is approached from the traffic roundabout (8.74) by Recommended routes Nos 55 and 56, and then by a buoyed entrance channel as shown on the chart. These routes pass through a former mined area.

Traffic 8.79

In 2002 the port was used by 200 vessels with a total deadweight of 2 715 086 tonnes.

Port Authority 8.80

The Port of Berdyans'k Authority, Maksima Gorkogo ul. 13-7, Berdyans'k, 332440, Ukraine.

Limiting conditions

8.81

Least depths. Entrance channel 8, 1 m (1992).

Caution. Due to silting in the port and its entrance channel, depths may be less than charted.

Maximum size of vessel. Draught 7-9 m. Length 205 m (possibility of 220 m with Harbour Authority's permission).

Density of water. Reported 1, 006 to 1, 008 g/cm³.

Ice. All year round navigation possible, but icebreaker assistance required for about 2 months (8.9).

Winds. Roadstead open to winds from S and SW (8.89).

Arrival information

Approach route 8.82

Recommended route No 55 is for the use of vessels with a draught of 6 m or more. Recommended route No 56 is for vessels with less than 6 m draught.

Pilotage 8.85

Pilotage is compulsory. For vessels of 6 m draught or more pilots board in the vicinity of No 2 Light-buoy (46°37'N, 36°36'E), at the start of the entrance channel. Vessels with a draught of less than 6 m are boarded between Nos 8 and 10 Light-buoys.

Tugs 8.86

Tugs are available. Their use is compulsory when berthing. Vessels of 1500 grt or more must employ 2 tugs.

General layout 8.88

Berdyans'k consists of an inner and outer roadstead. The inner roadstead, which is approached by the entrance channel, is protected by a breakwater and a mole. The anchorage in the outer roadstead is situated on both sides of the entrance channel.

Natural conditions 8.89

Currents are usually weak and depend on the wind. They do not exceed 1 kn.

Winds. Strong winds from S and SW are rare, but when they occur, they make anchorage in the outer roads uncomfortable.

Water level. Prolonged NE and N winds lower the water level in the bay and S and SW winds raise it. The maximum fall in level is about 0-5 m and the maximum rise 1 m.

Principal marks 8.90

Landmark:

Television mast (46°46'N, 36°47E).

Major lights:

Berdyanskiy Nizhniy Light (46°38'N, 36°46'E).

Berdyanskiy Verkhniy Light (white 8-sidcd tower, red bands, 33 m in height) (46°46'N, 36°46'E).

Alongside berths 8.95

There are 10 alongside berths. Berths 1 and 2 are the general cargo berths and have depths of between 6-5 and 7 7 m. Berth No 6 is 132 m in length with depths alongside of 7-4 to 81 m and handles tankers.

Port services

Repairs 8.96

Only minor hull and engine repairs.

Other facilities 8.97

Deratting; hospital; Ro-Ro berth.

Supplies 8.98

Fuel is available in limited quantities and should be ordered in advance; fresh water at quays; provisions.

BERDYANS'KA KOSA TO BILOSARAYS'KA KOSA

General information

Chart 2234

Topography

8.99

Between the root of Berdyans'ka Kosa (46°42'N, 36°50'E) and Bilosarays'ka Kosa (20 miles NE), the coast is backed by rising ground with bare reddish coloured landslips, intersected by a number of valleys. Villages lie in these valleys and some are prominent from offshore.

Bilosarays'ka Kosa is similar in formation to Berdyans'ka Kosa (8.67) and extends about 5 miles S from the high land within it.

Traffic regulations 8.100

A traffic separation scheme, which is shown on the chart, leads NE for about 20 miles from the traffic roundabout (8.74) S of Berdyans'ka Kosa.

This traffic separation scheme is not IMO-adopted but the Ukrainian authorities advise that the principles for the use of the routeing system defined in Rule 10 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972), apply.

A Recommended route, which is shown on the chart, leads NE from the traffic separation scheme towards the approach channel to Port Mariupol.

Area periodically dangerous for navigation:

Area No 761 extends about 10 miles offshore between Berdyans'ka Kosa and Bilosarays'ka Kosa and occupies the greater part of Bilosarays'ka Zatoka.

Principal marks 8.102

Major lights:

Berdyanskiy Nizhniy Light (46°38'N, 36°46'E). Novopetrovskiy Light (46°49'N, 36°55'E).

Directions

(continued from 8.75)

8.104

Initial position. In the vicinity of 46°31'N, 36°51E, within the traffic roundabout.

Route. A traffic separation scheme (8.100) and thence Recommended route No 30 lead NE for 33 miles to the S entrance of the approach channel to Port Mariupol', which lies about 5 miles E of Bilosarays'ka Light (46°53'N, 37°19'E). This route passes (with positions from Bilosarays'ka Light):

Clear of an obstruction with a depth of 9 m over it,

(17 miles SW), which lies in the middle of the traffic lane, thence: NW of a wreck (16 miles SW) with a depth of 7-2 m over it, thence:

SE of a buoy (S cardinal) (2'/2 miles S) which marks an obstruction with a depth of 5-6 m over it. This obstruction lies off a bank, with depths of less than 5 m over it, that extends nearly 2 miles S from Bilosarays'ka Kosa. Thence:

(Directions for W part of Gulf of Taganrog continue at 8.191)

SE of Bilosarays'ka Light (white 8-sided tower on one storey building, 21 m in height), thence:

NW of the N extremity of a shoal, with depths of less than 5 m over it, that extends from the outer extremity of Dolgaya Kosa (8.168). See caution.

Cautions. Less water than that shown on the chart is reported in the NE part of the traffic separation scheme.

The extremity of Dolgaya Kosa is subject to considerable annual change due to the action of currents and ice. (Directions for Port Mariupol' continue at 8.123)

Anchorage

Bukhta Taran'ya 8.105

Bukhta Taran'ya is entered between the SW extremity of Bilosarays'ka Kosa and the NW shore of Bilosarays'ka Zatoka. the whole of the bay is filled with a bank which has a depth of less than 5 m.

Good anchorage, with shelter from winds between N and E may be found in a depth of 5 m, mud, 1 ½ miles W of Bilosarays'ka Light.

PORT MARIUPOL' AND APPROACHES

General information

Chart 3303 with plan of Port Mariupol'

Position

8.106

Mariupol' (47°05'N, 37°34'E) is situated on the N shore of Gulf of Taganrog about 18 miles within the entrance of the gulf. The town stands partly on a hill on the W bank of Richka Kal'mius and partly on the low coast W of the river mouth.

Function 8.107

Mariupol' is a major port and large industrial town, which in 2002 had a population of 492 000. Its chief industries arc metallurgy, chemicals, fishing and fish processing.

Approach 8.108

Port Mariupol' is approached by a buoyed channel, 9 miles in length, that has been dredged through the coastal bank. This coastal bank is backed by a shoreline consisting of steep level topped cliffs.

Harbour limit 8.109

The harbour limit, shown on the chart, consists of the arc of a circle, radius6 ½ miles, centred on Middle leading light, Ugol'naya Havan' approach channel (47°04'-2N, 37°30'-7E) (8.123).

Traffic 8.110

In 2002 the port was used by 665 vessels with a total deadweight of 20 121 682 tonnes.

Port Authority 8.111

The Port of Mariupol' Authority, Admirala Lunina Pr.99, Port of Mariupol' 341010, Donetsk Region, Ukraine.

Limiting conditions

Controlling depths 8.112

Least depths of dredged approach channels:

Ugol'naya Havan' approach channel. 8-6 m (2001).

Port Azovstal ' approach channel. 4-6 m (2002).

Havan Shmidta approach channel. 3-4 m (1986).

Under-keel clearance should be at least 15 cm. For the latest controlling depths, mariners should consult the local harbour and pilotage authorities.

Maximum size of vessel. Under-keel clearance must be at least 15 cm. Maximum draught about 80 m, no length or beam restrictions.

Density of water 1. 005 g/cm³.

Ice. All year round navigation is possible, but for 2 to 3 months is only possible for ice strengthened vessels with ice breaker assistance.

Arrival information

Port radio 8.113

See Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6(3) for details.

Anchorages 8.115

Area No 457, with depths of 6 to 9 m, lies E of the Ugol'naya Havan' approach channel, as shown on the chart.

Area No 458, with depths of 5 to 6 m, mud, lies close N of Area No 457 as shown on the chart.

Pilots 8.116

Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels (8.5). Port pilots are embarked in vicinity of No 1 buoy and should be ordered 4 hours in advance.

If the wind speed exceeds 27 kn, ships should anchor and await better weather.

It has been reported that the sea pilot embarked at Kerch Strait may also carry out the duties of Port Pilot.

Tugs 8.117

Tugs are available. Their use is compulsory when berthing.

Vessels of 1500 grt or more must employ 2 tugs. Tugs should be ordered 40 minutes before entering port.

Harbour

General layout 8.121

Port Mariupol' consists of two harbour areas:

Port Azovstal' and Havan' Shmidta, at the mouth of Richka Kal'mius, close E of the city. Port Mariupol', 3 miles SW of the mouth of Richka Kal'mius. Port Mariupol' is the main port.

For the detailed layout of the two harbour areas, the chart is the best guide. Works in Port Mariupol' continue on Razdelitel'nyy Pirs (berths 8 and 9).

Principal marks 8.122

Landmarks:

Obelisk (47°02'-7N, 37°29'-3E), a white square stone with spire, 20 m in height. Chimney (47°03'-5N, 37°29'-9E).

Elevator (47°03'-6N, 37°30'5E).

Television mast (47°05'1N, 37°31'-7E).

Major lights:

Ugol'naya Havan' Approach Channel middle and rear leading lights (8.123).

Directions

(continuedfrom 8.104)

Anchorages 8.127

Anchorage areas Nos 457 and 458 (8.115).

Alongside berths 8.128

Port Mariupol'. The position of berths Nos 1 to 17 are shown on the plan of Port Mariupol'. There are depths alongside of up to 8-8 m.

Port Azovstal'. Berths Nos 1 to 5, with depths alongside of between 3-5 m and 5-5 m, are situated on the NE side of the basin. A stranded wreck lies off No 5 berth.

Havan' Shmidta. Berths Nos 1 to 9 lie on the W bank of Richka Kal'mius.

Port services

Repairs 8.129

Repairs of all kinds can be carried out for vessels of up to 9000 dwt. Docking facilities arc reported to be available.

Supplies 8.131

Fuel alongside or by barge; fresh water alongside or by barge; provisions.

Caution. During the winter season due to the risk of becoming ice-bound, the harbour authorities request departing vessels have at least ten days supplies of bunkers, fresh water and provisions.

Ex.1. General understanding:

1. What is the topography of Berdyans´kaya Kosa?

2. What are the principal marks?

3. Is the pilotage compulsory in Berdyansk?

4. Where does the pilot board if the vessel of 6 m draught?

5. When do they use 2 tugs when berthing?

6. May vessel navigate in the entrance channel when visibility is less than 5 cables?

7. What port services do you know?

8. What is the maximum fall water level?

9. What are the final approaches to the Port Azovstal and Havan Shmidta?

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS

LIMITS OF THE BOOK

Area covered

1.1

This volume contains Sailing Directions for the Black Sea, Sea of Azov (8.1) and Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara) (2.1) within a line joining Kumkale Burnu (40°01'N, 26°12'E) and Mehmetcik Burnu (40°03'N, 26° ICE).

This area includes the Straits of Dardanelles (2.14) and Istanbul Bosporus (2.366). 1.2

Countries. The shores of the area covered by this volume form part of the territories of six nations. Turkey in Marmara Denizi and along the S coast of the Black Sea, Bulgaria and Romania along the W coast, Ukraine along the N coast, Russian Federation along the NE coast and Georgia along the E coast.

General considerations

TRAFFIC AND OPERATIONS

Traffic

Density 1.6

The greatest concentration of shipping is liable to be found in the restricted waters of Canakkale Bogazi and Istanbul Bogazi and in the traffic separation schemes that are situated in the approaches to the major ports.

There are also liable to be above average concentrations of traffic along the recommended routes which have been established between Russian ports in the N part of the Black Sea and in Sea of Azov.

High speed craft 1.7

High speed craft operate in areas covered by this volume. Mariners are advised to maintain a good lookout. Some high speed craft may generate large waves, which can have a serious impact on small craft and their moorings close to the shoreline and on shallow off-lying banks. For further details see Annual Notice to Mariners No 23.

Fishing

Sturgeon and mackerel are caught in large numbers in the NW part of the Black Sea; herring are found chiefly in Kerch Strait and off the mouth of the River Danube and Rika Dnipro; anchovy is caught in large quantities along the coast of Kryms'kyy Pivostriv; and the flounder is found nearly all over the Black Sea.

Exercise areas

Turkish 1.9

Submarine. The general position of Turkish submarine exercise areas is shown on the charts. Submarines exercise frequently in these areas and a good lookout is to be kept for them when passing through these waters. See the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

Other areas. Other military exercise and firing areas are situated in Turkish waters. The limits of these areas are shown on Turkish charts. Notice of exercises and firing practices, giving the limits of the area and duration of the exercise, is promulgated by radio navigational warning. See 1.25.

PRESENCE OF SUBMARINES

Russia 1.11

Russian Federation submarines carry their navigation lights in special positions as follows:

One steaming light on the upper part of the front edge of the fin.

Side lights on the relevant side of the fin in its central part.

One or two stern lights. When one light is displayed it will be carried on the stern or on the rear edge of the vertical stabiliser. When two lights are carried they are situated on the rear part of the fin.

Anchor lights are placed on the bow section and on the stern or vertical stabiliser. On submarines with a high stabiliser the stern anchor light may be replaced by two lights set on the sides of the stabiliser which together are visible over 360°. NUC and other all-round visibility lights may be raised on a mast, not less than 2-5 m in height, on the fin.

Manoeuvring lights are not carried.

When in areas of heavy traffic submarines on the surface may also exhibit either one or two orange quick flashing lights. See also The Mariner's Handbook and Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

For submarine warning signals see 1.60; for distress signals see 1.61.

Special areas

CHARTS AND PUBLICATIONS

Charts

Admiralty charts 1.13

Coverage. British Admiralty charts provide full coverage of the Black Sea and Marmara Denizi, including plans of the principal Turkish, Bulgarian, Romanian, Ukrainian and Georgian ports. There are also plans of the main Russian ports that are open to international trade (1.44).

Sources. British Admiralty metric charts are based on the most recent charts issued by the Turkish, Bulgarian, Romanian, Russian and Ukrainian authorities.

Foreign charts 1.14

Turkish charts provide full coverage of the area covered by this book and detailed coverage of the anchorages and harbours in Marmara Denizi and along the N Turkish coast.

Russian charts providing coverage of Russian coastal waters and ports are available.

Bulgarian charts of Bulgarian coastal waters and ports are available.

Romanian charts providing coverage of Romanian coastal waters and ports are available.

Ukrainian charts providing coverage of Ukrainian coastal waters and ports are available. 1.15

1.16

In certain areas where the British Admiralty charts show insufficient detail for navigation close inshore, these Sailing Directions have been written using foreign charts. These are not quoted as reference charts in the text, which has been written on the assumption that mariners wishing to navigate in these areas will have provided themselves with suitable charts on which to do so.

Foreign charts may be obtained from the publishing authorities shown above. These charts are not issued by the UKHO, nor are they amended by Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

Datums 1.17

Vertical. Depths and heights on the majority of British Admiralty charts are reduced to MSL. The datum used is normally shown on the chart.

Horizontal. All metric British Admiralty charts are based on the same horizontal datum as the National charts from which they are derived.

NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

Buoys

Implementation of IALA Maritime Buoyage System Region A (red to port) is substantially complete in Marmara Dcnizi, Black Sea and Sea of Azov. For further details see The Mariners Handbook.

For details of buoyage system used in the Maritime Danube, see 5.10.

Caution. In areas where sea ice forms during the winter months, navigational buoys may be lifted.

It has been reported that all navigational aids in Georgian waters may be unreliable and that navigational aids in Georgian and Ukrainian waters may be different from those charted and described in nautical publications. Mariners should exercise extreme caution in the identification of navigational aids.

PILOTAGE

General 1.19

In general, pilotage is compulsory for all non-Turkish vessels, other than yachts, entering port in Turkey.

Pilotage is also compulsory for all vessels entering Russian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Georgian and Romanian ports.

Russia 1.20

General information. Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels entering or leaving ports in Russia that are open to foreign trade. Special regulations are in force with regard to naval vessels. For regulations applying to naval vessels see 1.42.

Signals. The signals for a pilot are those laid down in the International Code of Signals. If a pilot is available the pilot flag will be displayed at the pilot look-out station and if none is available a ball will be displayed.

Regulations. The following are extracts from the Regulations concerning Russian Government Marine Pilots:

1. Pilotage will be carried out exclusively by Russian Government Marine Pilots.

14. Areas of compulsory and non-compulsory pilotage are published in port regulations, Russian Sailing Directions and Notices to Mariners.

17. The port captain has the right to prohibit the movement of ships when safe pilotage is hampered by weather conditions.

25. Pilots are obliged to observe all the laws and regulations and are not to allow soundings to be taken in the fairway unless required by the pilot. 26. Pilots must indicate to the Master of the ship all observed breaches of regulations and demand their observance.

31. When embarking or disembarking a pilot, communications must be maintained with the pilot boat.

32. If an accident occurs when embarking or disembarking a pilot, the shipowner is liable to pay compensation.

33. In the event of bad weather the pilot boat, with the agreement of the Master of the ship, may lead the ship; during this time constant communication must be maintained with the pilot boat.

35. The pilot will provide a copy of the port regulations.

39. The presence of a pilot on a ship does not remove from the Master his responsibility for the safe conduct of the ship. The pilot will act only in an advisory capacity.

40. If the master refuses the pilot's advice, the pilot has the right to refuse pilotage, in which event the pilot will demand that this is recorded in the ships' log and the pilotage account.

42. The pilot does not have the right to leave the ship without the agreement of the Master before it is in a safe anchorage, or mooring, or turned over to another pilot.

RADIO FACILITIES

Racons 1.24

There are several racons in the area to aid both offshore navigation and entry into harbours. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2 for details.

Radio navigational warnings

General 1.25

The area covered by this book lies within NAVAREA III.

For details of the World-wide Navigational Warning Service see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3(1) and the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

For details of radio navigational warnings issued by coast radio stations see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3(1).

Radio weather reports

General 1.26

For full details of radio weather services and the stations from which they are issued see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3(1).

Turkey 1.27

VHF broadcasts of weather forecasts for Turkish coastal waters are made on Channel 67 in English from most Turkish coast radio stations. For details see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3(1).

REGULATIONS

International regulations

Chart 2214

Pollution 1.30

See The Mariners Handbook for information on The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78). 1.31

Marmara Denizi, the Black Sea and Sea of Azov are Special Areas under the terms of this convention. All discharge of oil at sea is prohibited and special regulations apply to the discharge of garbage. 1.32

Russia. Ships records relating to the prevention of pollution by oil and injurious substances, the treatment and management of rubbish, and the loading and discharge of ballast water are liable to inspection by state port authorities. The state port authorities will also verify that the procedures associated with compliance with the relevant regulations are known to the ships crew.

Failure to inform the nearest Russian authority of accidental or emergency discharge of polluting substances, as described in the MARPOL 73/78 convention, within the territorial and internal waters of Russia, and failure to note the occurrence in the ship's log, carnes severe penalties.

Russian merchant vessels and civil aircraft are instructed to inform Russian authorities of witnessed infringements of the Russian and International regulations.

Within the territorial and internal waters of Russia, vessels suspected of infringing the regulations are liable to be stopped, boarded and inspected. If an infringement has taken place within those waters the vessel is liable to be detained.

Traffic Separation 1.33

See IMO publication Ships' Routeing for general provisions on Ships' Routeing. Regulations for IMO adopted schemes are contained in Rule 10 of the

International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972).

Schemes within territorial waters such as those in Marmara Denizi may be regulated nationally either on a permanent basis or while waiting adoption by IMO.

Turkish regulations

Prohibited entry 1.34

Entry is prohibited into certain waters without the permission of the Turkish authorities. These areas are shown on the chart and mentioned in the appropriate part of this volume.

Prohibited entry 1.38

Entry is prohibited into certain areas. These areas are shown on the chart and mentioned in the appropriate part of this volume.

Georgian regulations

1.40

Georgian Regulated Areas where navigation, fishing and anchoring are prohibited, are normally charted and referred to in the Sailing Directions. Areas where navigation is only periodically prohibited or where navigation, fishing and anchoring are only periodically declared to be dangerous are also normally charted, and are generally referred to in Sailing Directions. See also Appendix IV.

Russian regulations

Economic zone 1.41

The Government of Russia claims an economic zone extending 200 miles seaward from the limits of its territorial sea. Within this economic zone the Government of Russia issues regulations in connection with and for the control of the following:

Exploitation and conservation of resources found on or below the seabed and in the waters above it including anadromic fish (those that ascend rivers to spawn). Catching of anadromic types of fish is permitted only as a result of inter-governmental agreement. Marine scientific research.

Pollution of the marine environment; these regulations are in accordance with the MARPOL 73/78 Convention. There are also regulations for the inspection of vessels suspected of causing pollution and there are penalties for infringements, see 1.32.

Freedom of passage for ships and aircraft through the economic zone is assured.

1.43

Foreign merchant vessels. Foreign non-military vessels enjoy the right of innocent passage through Russian territorial waters in accordance with Russian laws and International treaties; innocent passage is effected by crossing them without entering Russia's internal waters, or by passing through them en-route to and from Russian ports.

While effecting innocent passage vessels must follow the customary navigational course or course recommended through sea corridors or in accordance with traffic separation schemes. The Master of a foreign non-military vessel which has violated the rules of innocent passage is accountable under Russian legislation.

For further information see article concerning territorial waters in The Mariner's Handbook.

Russian ports of entry 1.44

Foreign merchant vessels are permitted only to call at one of the recognised ports of entry where Customs stations are situated.

In 2003 the following Russian ports were open to foreign ships:

Black Sea. Anapa, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Sochi and Tuapse.

Sea of Azov. Port Kavkaz, Port Temryuk, Yeysk, Taganrog, Azov and Rostov-Na-Donu.

Notification of ETA 1.46

Estimated time of arrival should be forwarded to port of destination and agency at least 96 hours in advance followed by confirmation 12 hours before arrival. Oil tankers should confirm their ETA 72 hours and 12 hours before arrival.

Other reports 1.47

A vessels arrival in port must be registered directly with the port authority or with a representative of the Transport Fleet Maintenance Service, within the first 6 hours in port, completing sanitation, quarantine, customs and border formalities.

On sailing, the port authority must be informed of intended departure at least 6 hours in advance; during a short term anchorage (less than 6 hours) at least 2 hours notice is required.

Customs 1.49

Before customs inspection commences the Master of a vessel must complete or present the following information:

1. A general declaration.

2. A cargo declaration.

3. A declaration of the crew personal effects.

4. Crew lists.

5. Passenger lists.

6. A manifest with bills of lading and list of documents on the cargo, and other ship's documents as required by the customs service.

7. A currency and valuables list.

Until the customs inspection is completed no person may enter or leave the ship.

Ex.1. General understanding:

1. What a serious impact can high speed craft cause on a small craft?

2. What fish is caught in the Black Sea and Kerch Strait?

3. What navigational lights do the Russian Federation submarines have?

4. Who is responsible for violation of the limits of the regulated areas?

5. What coverage do British Admiralty charts provide?

6. What are the signals for a pilot?

7. What are the main regulations concerning Russian Government Marine Pilots?

8. Is it possible to anchor or trawl in the vicinity of pipelines?

9. What do the port authorities do to prevent pollution?

10. What do Turkish authorities do to protect underwater cultural and natural resources?

11. What should foreign naval vessel do before entering the waters of Russia?

12. What information should preliminary notice have?

13. What information of a vessel must the Master complete before customs inspection?

CONTENTS

1. Text 1 __________________________________________________ 3

2. Text 2 __________________________________________________ 9

3. Text 3 __________________________________________________ 18

4. Text 4 __________________________________________________ 29

КЕРЧЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МОРСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ ПО ВНЕАУДИТОРНОМУ ЧТЕНИЮ

ДЛЯ

СТУДЕНТОВ IV КУРСА СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «СУДОВОЖДЕНИЕ»

Преп. Осипова М.А

Керчь 2012

Предисловие

Сборник текстов включает в себя тексты лоций и упражнений

Text 1

KERCH STRAIT

GENERAL INFORMATION

Charts 2234, 2216, 2242

Route and topography

Limiting depths

The limiting depths in Kerch Strait are those in Kerch-Yenikal'skiy Kanal.

Railway ferry

Railway ferry crossing area (45°21'N, 36°39'E). See 8.44.

Principal marks 8.14

The following peaks are visible from all parts of the strait:

Hora Mitridat (45°21'N, 36°28'E) (8.47).

Gora Gorelaya (45°20'N, 36°49'E) (8.47).

Hora Khrony (45°23'N, 36°36'E) (8.47).

Pilotage 8.15

North-bound, Pilots embark at No 1 Light-buoy (W cardinal) (45°12'N, 36°28'E), close S of the entrance to the Kerch-Yenikal'skiy Kanal.

South-bound, Pilots board in position 45°27'-5N, 36°41'-5E.

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