III. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. A leader is someone who can get others to do what he or she wants them to do.

2. Managers make all decisions. They decide what is to be done, who will and how and when it is to be accomplished.

3. The discussion of leadership theories may seem to imply that managers merely decide which leadership style to use, sometimes changing styles to adapt to dif­ferent situations.

4. Some workers are mature in the way they approach their work, others may have to be watched quite closely to obtain even minimum performance.

 5. It is a high-risk philosophy; one that requires time for the attachment between senior and junior people to grow and be meaningful, the one that is bound to pro­duce more failures than successes.

6. Yet the elitism seemed to pay off: not only did Perkins become the president at the age 37, but also under the leadership of young executives recruited into Jewel with the promise of opportunity for growth and advancement, Jewel managed to diversify into discount and drug chains and still remain strong in food retailing.

IV. Complete the following sentences with verbs from the list in the required form.

To relate, to occupy, to require, to develop, to conduct, to consult, to create, to influence, to affect.

1. The leader _______ a strong and central role in traditional management theory

2. Leadership inevitably _______ using power to influence the thoughts and actions of other people.

3. Considerable research______to compare the traits of effective and ineffective leaders.

4. Rensis Livert ______ a leadership theory that had a continuum ranging from autocratic to participative.

5. Manager's _______ with employees prior to establishing decisions about the work. This _______ a climate in which employees feel relatively free to dis­cuss openly work-related matters with management.

6. The maturity level of the subordinates ______leadership style.

7. Many situational factors ______ the supervi­sors leadership style.

8. Managers _______ to people according to the role they play in a sequence of events or in a decision-making process.

 

THE PROBLEM OF POWER

The role of power in American life is a curious one. The privilege of controlling the actions or of affecting the income and property of other persons is something that no one of us can profess to seek or admit to possessing. No American ever runs for office because of an avowed desire to govern. He seeks to serve - and then only in response to the insistent pressure of friends or of that anonymous but oddly vocal fauna, which in­habit the grass roots. We no longer have public officials, only public servants. The same scrupulous avoidance of the termi­nology of power characterizes American business. The head of the company is no longer the boss - the term survives only as an amiable form of address - but the leader of the team. It is years since the United States has had a captain of industry; the brassbound officer who commands has now been entirely replaced by the helmsman who steers. No union leader ever presents him­self as anything but a spokesman for the boys.

Despite this convention, which outlaws ostensible pursuit of power and which leads to a constant search for euphemisms to disguise its possession, there is no indication that, as a peo­ple, we are averse to power. On the contrary few things are more valued, and more jealously guarded by their possessors, in our society. Prestige in Congress is nicely graded to the number of votes the particular member influences or the po­tency of his committees. The amount of authority a public serv­ant exercises or - a rough index of this in the lower reaches of the public service - the number of people working under his direction are the accepted measure of his importance in Wash­ington. It is ordinarily taken for granted in the public service that both authority and subordinates will be eagerly accumu­lated by the energetic man.

Prestige in business is equally associated with power. The income of a businessman is no longer a measure of his achieve­ment; it has become a datum of secondary interest. Business prestige is overwhelmingly associated with the size of the con­cern which the individual heads.                  

Answer the following questions:

1. Why is it stated that the role of power in American life is a curious one?                                    

2. Why do American politicos, businessmen, heads of compa­nies, leaders avoid the terminology of power?

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