Match the terms and their definitions.

 

1. Petroleum 2. Crude oil / Crude petroleum 3. Gasoline 4. Kerosene 5. Asphalt 6. Barrel 7. Fossil 8. Distillation 9. By-product 10. Petrochemicals

a) The traces or remains of plant or animal life that existed in previous geological ages. Petroleum, coal and natural gas are called fossil fuels because they were created from tiny plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. b) A fuel found in mineral deposits under the ground. c) The usual unit of measure that used for oil. It contains forty-two gallons. d) Chemicals derived from petroleum. They are used in the creation of synthetic (man-made) rubber, plastics, and other materials. e) A process of heating a mixture to separate lighter substances from heavier ones. The lighter ones are changed into vapor by the heating process. This is the basis for refining oil into commercial products f) It is a product made from petroleum which was often used as a source of heat and light in the 19th century. g) It is the heaviest product made from petroleum. It is used to pave streets. h) A secondary product obtained in the process of making something else. i) Oil as it comes from the ground. It is not commercially usable in this form. j) It is the lightest product made from petroleum. It is also the most popular fuel in the world. In the early days of the oil industry, it was a by-product in the distillation of petroleum to make kerosene.

6. Answer the following questions using the information from the exercise 5:

1. What do we call fossil fuels? Why?

2. What is crude oil?

3. What does a barrel of oil mean?

4. What is distillation? Is it used in the oil industry?

5. What are gasoline, kerosene, and asphalt? What is each one used for?

6. What is a by-product? Give an example from the petroleum industry. Can you also give the examples from some other industry?

7. What are petrochemicals?

 

7. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the appropriate word or word-combination:

1. ________ separates lighter substances from the heavier ones.

2. ________ are made of the remains of the marine plants and animals.

3. A barrel contains _________ gallons.

4. ________ is a petroleum product that was widely used in 19^th century.

5. Most automobiles use ________ as their fuel.

6. ________ is used for paving streets.

7. Gasoline and asphalt were________ in the process of obtaining kerosene.

8. ________, ________, and ________ are called fossil fuels.

9. Most of the plastics are made from _________.

10. The first oil well was drilled in_________.

 

8. Ask questions for the following sentences.

1. Petroleum is often called “black gold”. (How …? )

2. Petroleum formed from the remains of marine animals and plants that were covered by sad and mud and under the combined effects of time and temperature slowly converted to oil. (How …? )

3. In the 19^th century people used energy for heat and light and preparation of food. (What for …? )

4. After World War II oil replaced coal as the primary energy source. (When …? )

5. The first underground oil well was drilled in the USA. (Where …? )

6. A barrel of oil produces more energy than a ton of coal. (What …? )

7. Various plastics and fertilizers are made of petroleum. (What … of? )

8. The greatest problem of the petroleum industry is that petroleum is not a renewable natural resource. (What …? )

9. Oil deposits can soon be exhausted because the use of oil has greatly increased. (Why …? )

Translate into English.

1. Нефть, уголь и природный газ являются широко используемыми источниками энергии. Их называют углеводородным топливом.

2. Нефть образовалась из останков морских растений и животных, живших много лет назад.

3. Промышленно развитые страны потребляют огромное количество энергии.

4. В настоящее время нефть является самым ценным продуктом в мире. Ее часто называют черным золотом.

5. Рождение нефтяной промышленности можно отнести к 1859 году, когда в США была пробурена первая нефтяная скважина.

6. Первым товарным продуктом, производимым из неочищенной нефти, был керосин. В 19 веке его использовали для тепла, света и приготовления пищи.

7. После изобретения двигателя внутреннего сгорания бензин стал самым востребованным топливом в мире.

8. После Второй мировой войны нефть заменила уголь в качестве основного источника энергии. Тонна угля производит меньше энергии, чем баррель нефть, и нефть легче транспортировать.

9. Нефть является невозобновляемым природным ресурсом. Так как потребление нефти увеличивается, существуют предположения, что нефтяные месторождения могут истощиться.

10.  Ученые проводят исследования с целью найти другие источники энергии.

 

10. Speak about the petroleum industry according to the following plan:

1. importance of fossil fuels in the modern world;

2. history of the petroleum industry;

3. oil and oil products;

4. problems of the petroleum industry.

Unite II.

Petroleum Origin

Start-up

What theories on the origin of hydrocarbons do you know?

 

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