Write topic and final sentences for the following paragraphs.

A

                                                    However, the solar panels developed in the 1970s were so bulky and large; that is why very few people could afford them, much less use them. Using technology developed for the computer industry, cells used in Photovoltaic solar collection systems are now thinner and more diversified.                                                  .

B

                                                     Such microbots are not solely machines. Several institutes have been involved in incorporating organic living tissue with inorganic components to create hybrid devices that are part machine, part organism. The first such devices were self-assembling microbots powered by living heart muscle. Each tiny robot is composed of an arch of gold connected to a sheath of cardiac muscle grown from rat cells, and if released in the body, it feeds off glucose in the blood to get energy to move.                                                                               .

Compare your topic and final sentences with those of another student. Work out the best variants together and read them to the group.

Develop this topic sentence into a paragraph.

Some scientists suggest using drugs to improve performance in normal schoolchildren and students.

Part II

Passive

1. Skim text «Measurement Theory» and answer the questions.

1. Do the subjects in bold perform the action expressed by the predicates?

2. What features make the discussed predicates different from each other?

3. In what tenses can the Passive Voice be used?

4. Is it important who or what does the action?

2. Find in the text the examples of:

1. The Present Simple Passive,
2. The Past Simple Passive,
3. The Present Perfect Passive,
4. The Past Perfect Passive.

Ask questions to the sentences with predicates in bold.

The Passive Voice is often used to describe different processes. Read and translate the following paragraph.

The wafer is coated with a substance, called " photo-resist, " and then exposed to a black-and-white pattern as if the pattern were being photographed and the coated wafer were the film in the camera. The white areas of the pattern correspond to the upper surfaces of the end regions of all N² transistors. Light hits the wafer in these white areas of the pattern and chemically alters the photo-resist there. The wafer is dipped in a solvent that dissolves away the chemically altered photo-resist, where the pattern had been white, but not the unaltered parts, where the pattern had been black.

Choose the correct variant of the predicate.

X-rays can use/be used to build up a picture of the inside of the human body. When x-rays pass / are passed through the body, they absorb / are absorbed by some tissues more than by others. For instance, bone absorbs / is absorbed more X-rays than muscle. The information records / is recorded on film or screen so that it can be interpreted. If photographic film exposes / is exposed to the X-rays, it becomes darker in areas where more X-rays have passed through the body.

Compare the beginning (Russian and English) of the sentences. Mind the difference.

1. В статье описывается… (passive)

       The paper describes… (active)

2. На рисунке показано…

       The figure shows…

1. В данном разделе рассматриваются…

       This section discusses…

Translate the sentences.

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