A wide road for cars to travel quickly between cities

A road that goes around a city so that people driving cars can avoid it

A hard path at the side of the road made for people to walk on

A natural path in the country

 

1 a road in a town

Road Main Street

Street back street

High street alley

 

road /rqud/ a hard level surface made for cars and other vehicles to travel on [n C]

Dixon stepped into the road and raised his hand, shouting, “Taxi. Taxi.” | Before crossing the road, stop, look, and listen. | across/over the road (=on the other side of the road) A window lives in the house just across the road. | along/down/up the road (=on the same road) I went to the girls’ school down the road. | main road (=a large road where there is likely to be a lot of traffic) They turned left at the gas station, into the busy main road. | busy road (=a road where there is a lot of traffic) We’re coming up to a busy road and it’s dangerous, so hold my hand.

street /stri: t/ a road with houses or shops, and usually a path on both sides, in the middle of a town or in a part of a town where there are a lot of houses, shops etc [n C]

There were stores on both sides of the street. | Pablo loved wandering through the streets and cafes of Barcelona. | side street (=a small quiet street away from any main roads) If the car park’s full you might find a space in one of the side streets. | live in a street (British) / on a street (American) She had lived in the same street in London all her life.

high street /'hai stri: t/ a British expression meaning the main shopping street in the middle of a town [n C]

The High Street was crowded with Saturday morning shoppers. | Our bank has a branch in every high street.

 

Main Street /'mein stri: t/ an American expression meaning the main street in the middle of a town or city where there are a lot of shops, offices, hotels etc [n C]

Every Fourth of July there is a parade down Main Street. | Let’s have lunch at the diner on Main Street.

 

back street /'bæ k stri: t/ a small street, away from the centre of a town, where there are no large shops or important buildings [n C]

They went exploring the dark, narrow back streets of the old part of town. | It took us almost an hour to find her house in a narrow little back street.

 

alley /'æ li/ a very narrow street or part between buildings in a town [n C]

A narrow alley led up between the houses to the main street. | Women in white aprons gossiped in the alley between the apartment blocks.

 

2 a road outside a town

road /rqud/ [n C]

road

We drove into the countryside, along straight roads lined with trees. | The hospital was right on Route 66, the main road across the United States. | There are many interesting things to see on the road to Cairo.

 

3 a small road in the country

Lane

Track

Dirt road

lane /lein/ a narrow road connecting villages or farms, sometimes with a few houses beside it [n C]

We rode our bikes along the little country lanes. | It’s a great day for the country show, but all those cars will jam the narrow lanes.

 

track /træ k/ a narrow road leading to a farm or field, usually formed by the pressure of farm or field, usually formed by the pressure of farm vehicles on the ground [n C]

The track was only wide enough for one car. | The road leading to the farm was little more than a rough track.

 

dirt road /'dE: t rqud/ a narrow road with a dirt or soil surface [n C]

A dirt road ran from the highway past the dump and into some trees. | Rain fell continuously and turned the winding dirt road into a river of slippery mud.

4 a wide road for cars to travel quickly between cities

Motorway

Highway

Freeway/expressway

 

motorway /'mqutqwei/ a British word meaning a wide fast road that connects big cities and towns [n C]

The speed limit on British motorways is 70 miles an hour. | It’s motorway nearly all the way – you should get there in a couple of hours. | the M1/M62 etc motorway The M1 motorway links London with the north of England.

 

highway /'haiwei/ an American word meaning a wide fast road that connects big cities and towns [n C]

I was on the four-lane highway now, finally free of the downtown traffic. | highway 61/70 etc There’s a police mobile phone unit somewhere on highway 61.

freeway/expressway /'fri: wei, ik'spreswei/ an American word meaning a wide, fast road that takes traffic into and out of a big ity and is often busy [n C]

Marcia drove onto the freeway, joining the Saturday traffic leaving the city. | They got into the expressway to Manhattan. | We need to build more freeways to speed up traffic around Los Angeles.

5 a road that goes around a city so that people driving cars can avoid it

By-pass

Ring road

 

by-pass /'bai pa: s || -pæ s/ [n C]

It will be much quicker if we take the by-pass rather than drive through the middle of town. | The village has become much quieter, since the creation of the by-pass.

 

ring road /'riη rqud/ a British word meaning a circular road around the edge of a large town, with roads leading from it into the centre of the town [n C]

The ring road goes right around London..

6 a hard path at the side of the road made for people to walk on

sidewalk

pavement

sidewalk /'saidwO: k/ a word used especcially in American English meaning a path at the side of a road made for people to walk on [ n C]

We agreed to meet on the sidewalk, in front of the UN building. | A weed grew from every crack in the sidewalk.

pavement /'peivmqnt/ a British word meaning a path at the side of a road made for people to walk on [ n C]

Christopher wandered along the pavement, looking into shop windows. | What annoys me is that everyone parks on the pavement in front of our house.

7 a natural path in the country

path

tootpath

trall

path /pa: θ || pæ θ / [n C]

She went through the gate and followed the path across the fields. | There used to be a path down to the stream but it’s all overgrown now. | A narrow grassy path led down the hill to the town.

tootpath /futpa: θ || -pæ θ / a British word meaning a narrow public path for people to walk on through farms, parks, hills etc [n C]

It was a pleasant walk along the public footpath beside the river. | Mining companies are blasting away the sides of beautiful valleys and destroying footpaths and woodland.

trall /treil/ a very rough path, especially in a forest or in the mountains, for people and animals to walk on [n C]

We followed a narrow trail which led into the forest.

 

[Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.

Scotland, New Lanark: Brockhampton

Press. – 1995. – p. 114]

 

HORSE

¨ a horse-laugh a coarse, unmeaning laugh. One night, Mr. Yates being funnier than usual, if possible, a single horse-laugh suddenly exploded among the fiddles.

¨ to flog a dead horse to agitate for the revival of a creed that is extinct.

Arguing against Tom Paine is like flogging a dead horse.

¨ horse-play rough amusement. To be sure it was a boy, not a man, and child’s-play is sometimes preferred by the theatre-going world even to horse-play.

¨ to take horse to journey on horse-back. He took horse to the Lake of Constance, which is formed by the entry of the Rhine.

¨ one-horse mean; petty; in a small way. An Americanism. Oh, well, Phode Island is a one-horse state, where everybody pays taxes and goes to church.

¨ on one’s high horse puffed-up; arrogant. Well, the colonel does seem to be on his high horse, ma’am.

ПРЕДМЕТ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Единицы языка, которые приобрели:

- символическое значение,

- эталонное значение,

- образно-метафорическое значение в культуре, зафиксированное в:

Мифах

Легендах

Ритуалах

Обрядах

Дискурсах

Текстах

Фразеологизмах

Метафорах

Символах

ЗАДАЧИ И ЦЕЛИ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИИ:

1) как культура участвует в образовании языковых концептов?

К какой части значения языкового знака прикрепляются «культурные смыслы»?

Осознаются ли эти смыслы говорящим и слушающим и как они влияют на речевые стратегии?

4) существует ли в реальности культурно-языковая компетенция носителя языка, на основании которой воплощаются в текстах и распознаются носителями языка культурные смыслы. В качестве рабочего определения культурно-языковой компетенции принимаем следующее: это естественное владение языковой личностью процессами речепорождения и речевого приятия и, что особенно важно, владение установками культуры; для доказательства этого нужны новые технологии лингвокультурологического анализа языковых единиц?

⇐ Предыдущая123

Поделиться:

Популярное:

1. BOUNDARY CASES BETWEEN DERIVATION, INFLECTION AND COMPOSITION
2. Differences between synonyms
3. EU travellers face tougher US flight security
4. I. Listen to David telling a story about something that happened to him while traveling.
5. In the UK what is the difference between criminal and civil law?
6. Listen to the following extract from the conversation between Buckhurst and Brent, which shows how the situation progressed. Try to complete the gaps, using no more than three words in each case.
7. Listen to the following extract from the conversation between Elizabeth Corby and George Duncan. Fill in the spaces in the sentences below with the words actually used.
8. Listen to the following extract from the conversation between Hector Grant and John Martin. Fill in the spaces in the sentences below with the words actually used.
9. Listen to the third conversation between Della and Peter James again and look at the notes below. Try to reconstruct the conversation with your partner. Change roles when you finish.
10. SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A SET EXPRESSION AND A WORD