Text A. YOUR VISIT TO ENGLAND

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One of these days you may find it possible to visit England. From the moment you go on board the ship or the airliner you will see signs and notices that will give you useful information and warnings.

Here are some examples and explanations that will help you.

If you come by air, you will see, when you take your seat in the plane, a notice that says: no smoking; fasten seat-belts. Smoking is forbidden while the plane is on the ground, while it is taking off, and until it has risen to a good height.

When the plane is well up in the air, the light behind this notice is switched off. You are then allowed to smoke and may unfasten your seat-belt. The notice will appear again when the plane is about to touch down.

If you come by steamer, you will see numerous notices. There will perhaps be arrows (®) to show you which parts of the ship are for first-class passengers and which parts are for tourist-class passengers. Large rooms in a ship are called saloons, so when you see dining-saloon you know where to go when it is time for lunch.

You may see a notice to the boat deck. This is the deck where you will find the boats that can be lowered to the water if there is any danger of the ship sinking. On the boat deck you may see some steps going up to the bridge, where the ship's officers are on duty. Here there will probably be a notice: passengers not allowed on the bridge.

When your steamer gets into harbour at Dover, or Harwich, or Southampton, or any of the other ports to which steamers sail, you will see more notices.

When you land, you will see a notice: to the customs. When you enter the Customs shed the officer there will give you a printed notice. This will warn you that you must declare to the Customs officer the quantities of tobacco, cigars, cigarettes and alcoholic drinks that you have with you. He will chalk your suitcases and bags, and you will pass on. There will be a notice telling you

where your passport will be examined. Then you can follow the arrow that says,

to the trains, and you will soon be in the railway station where the train is waiting to take you to London.

There are many notices in a large railway station. You may see entrance and exit, or perhaps way in and way out. In a large station there will be a waiting room where you may rest until it is time to board your train. If you want something to eat or drink while youare waiting, you will go to the refreshment room.

If you do not know the number of the platform from which your train will leave, look for the notices of arrivals and departures. These will tell you the number of the platform. In some stations it may be necessary to cross the line. You will probably see a notice, cross the line by the bridge. Perhaps you will see platforms 5, 6, 7 and 8 over the bridge.

On arrival in a large town you may want to leave your heavy luggage in the station until you have found a hotel or other place to stay in. In this case you will look for the cloak-room or left luggage office.

You will also see the notice, booking office. This is where you buy your tickets. In a large station there will be windows marked first class and third class. The windows may be marked with letters, for example a-k, l-r, and s-z. If you want a ticket to Edinburgh, you will go to the window under a-k, if to Manchester, the window under l-r.

If you go to a theatre, however, you will buy your tickets not at the Booking Office but at the box office.

Vocabulary

board, n борт

to board a train (a plane, a ship) садиться в поезд (самолет, на пароход)

airliner, n самолет, авиалайнер

steamer, n пароход

take off, v взлетать

sign, n знак, символ

notice, n объявление

fasten, v застегнуть

seat-belt, n ремень безопасности

arrow, n стрелка

switch on, v включать

switch off, v выключать

touch down, v приземлиться, син. to land

danger, n опасность

sink, v тонуть

sail, v плыть (о карабле)

customs, n таможня

declare, v декларировать

suitcase, n чемодан

luggage, n багаж

harbour, n гавань, порт

railway station, n железнодорожный вокзал

train, n поезд

entrance, n вход

exit, n выход

waiting-room, n зал ожидания

cloak-room, n камера хранения

booking office, n билетная касса (на поезд, самолет и т.д.)

box office, n билетная касса (театр.)

arrival, n прибытие

arrive (in), v приезжать, прибывать (в город, страну)

refreshment room, n буфет

stay (in), v останавливаться

departure, n отправление, отбытие

I. Read the following international words and guess their meaning. Consult the dictionary:

tobacco, cigar, cigarette, platform, officer, passport, hotel, saloon, information, tourist-class passenger, alcoholic drinks.

II. Using suffixes - (a)tion, - er, - ance, - ure, form nouns which are related to the following:

inform, explain, steam, office, enter, refresh, depart, direct, travel, line.

III. Look through text A and find the English equivalents to the Russian word combinations:

посетить Англию, подняться на борт парохода, полезная информация, примеры и объяснения, занять свое место в самолете, пока самолет находится на земле, подняться на достаточную высоту, находиться высоко в воздухе, пассажиры первого класса, войти в порт, проверить паспорт, довезти до Лондона, сесть на поезд, оставить багаж на вокзале.

IV. Read the text ‘Your visit to England’. Answer the following questions.

1. How can you get to England? 2. What notice will you see when you take a seat in the plane? 3. When is it allowed to unfasten the seat belts and to smoke on board the plane? 4. What is a saloon? 5. Where do passengers have meals travelling by ship? 6. What is the boat deck? 7. What notice can you see on the boat deck? 8. What is the function of the Customs officer? 9. Where can passengers rest until it is time to board the train? 10. What will you do if you want something to eat or drink at the railway station? 11. What will you do on arrival in a large city if you have heavy luggage? Will you leave it in the left luggage office? 12. Where can you buy train tickets? 13. Will you buy theatre tickets at the booking office or at the box office?

V. Match the words with the same meaning:

way in, touch down, cloak-room, entrance, left luggage office, land, exit, plane, airliner, way out.

VI. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions.

1. From the moment you go ____ board the ship you will see many signs and notices.

2. If you come ___ air, you will see a notice “NO SMOKING; FASTEN YOUR SEAT BELTS”.

3. You have to fasten your seat-belt when the plane is taking ___.

4. When the plane is well ___ ___ the air, the light behind the notice “NO SMOKING” is switched ___.

5. Large rooms ___ a ship are called saloons.

6. ___ the boat deck you may see some steps going ___ ___ the bridge.

7. When the steamer gets ___ the harbour you will see more notices.

8. There are many notices ___ a large railway station.

9. ___ arrival ___ a large city you may want to leave your luggage ___ the left luggage office. In this case you will look ___ the cloak-room.

10. ___ a large station there will be windows marked “first class” and “third class”.

VII. Translate the following notices into Russian.

1. Fasten seat belts!

2. Dining-saloon.

3. Boat-deck.

4. Passengers not allowed on the bridge.

5. Arrivals and departures.

6. Cross the line by the bridge.

7. Left luggage office.

8. Booking office.

VIII. Make up the plan of the text ‘Your Visit to England’. Retell the text according to your plan.

Text B. Travelling

The scientific and technological progress of the 20-th century has allowed people to overcome time and distance. The whole world is open now. We can choose any place on the planet and go there on business or for pleasure.

We can go to the place of our destination by sea, by air or by train, by car or even by motorbike.

All means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people choose one according to their plans and destination.

If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible the best way is to travel by plane. Many people prefer travelling by air as it is the most convenient and comfortable means of travelling.

The railway is still one of the most popular means of communication and, besides, it is one of the cheapest. With a train you have speed, comfort and pleasure combined, you can enjoy the beauty of the changing scenes that fly past you.

Many people enjoy travelling by sea. They say it is the most pleasant means of travel which combines speed and comfort. You feel as if you are walking on good solid ground when on board the big ocean liner. You can enjoy fresh sea air, the sights of the sea and the sky. But some passengers may be unhappy when they feel sea-sick, and then travelling by sea becomes a real torture for them.

With a motor car one can travel quickly, cheaply and comfortably for long distances without getting too tired. Travel by car is a more personal experience. You can go as slowly or as fast as you wish, stop when and where you choose. But it is not altogether pleasant when you ride on a bumpy road or get a flat tire or still worse, when your tank runs out of petrol.

But what can be better than to feel the wind in your face, to see houses, trees and people flash past, to feel the real joy of speed.

If we are fond of travelling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we may read about them in books, and newspapers and see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in their own homes.

I. Read the text ‘Travelling’ without a dictionary. Answer the following questions:

1. Why is the whole world open now? 2. Do people travel only for pleasure? 3. Why do people travel? 4. How can we get to the place of our destination? 5. What is the quickest means of communication? 6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of various means of travel? 7. What way of travel do you prefer?

II. Give a presentation of the problem posed in the text ‘Travelling’.

D i a l o g u e s

a) Read the dialogues. Make sure you understand them properly. The key-words below will help you.

Dialogue I. Booking air tickets

Traveller: Good afternoon. I’d like to book two air tickets from Moscow to

London please.

Travel agent: Certainly. When are you travelling?

Traveller: We want to take the flight next Saturday.

Travel agent: Single or return?

Traveller: Two return tickets. We are planning to come back in 3 weeks.

Travel agent: On the 9-th of July and 30-th of July.

Traveller: That’s right. Do we have to change?

Travel agent: No, it’s a direct flight. First class or economy class?

Traveller: Economy class.

Travel agent: Two adults?

Traveller: Yes.

Travel agent: And your name is...?

Traveller: Glagolev. G-L-A-G-O-L-E-V.

Travel agent: Initials?

Traveller: V.V.

Travel agent: And the other passenger?

Traveller: S.N. Glagolev.

Travel agent: It will cost you 4600 rubles, total price.

Traveller: Do you accept credit cards?

Travel agent: Certainly. Thank you. Could you sign here, please. Here are your

tickets. The carrier is Aeroflot. The code Y is for economy. The

baggage allowance is 20 Kg. These are for the outward journey- Moscow to London on flight 189 at 9.45 on the 9-th of July. And

these are for the return journey - London to Moscow on 190 at

13.30 on the 30-th of July. Don’t forget to be at the airport two

hours before departure time.

Dialogue II. Booking air tickets

Travel agent: Good morning, sir. May I help you?

Traveller: Good morning. I’d like an air ticket from London to Paris, from

Paris to Madrid and from Madrid to London.

Travel agent: When are you planning to travel?

Traveller: On August, 1-st from London to Paris, on August, 10-th from

Paris to Madrid. And on August, 15-th from Madrid to London.

Travel agent: First class or economy?

Traveller: Economy, please.

Travel agent: It will cost you 400£, total price.

Traveller: That’s fine with me.

Travel agent: Is the ticket in your name, sir?

Traveller: Yes, please. My name is L.S. Huck.

Travel agent: Here is your ticket, sir. There are three coupons for each leg of

your journey. The carrier is British Airways.

Traveller: Thanks.

Dialogue III. Booking rail tickets

Travel agent: Good morning.

Traveller: Good morning. I’d like a rail ticket to Manchester.

Travel agent: Certainly. When are you travelling?

Traveller: I’m taking the two o’clock train today.

Travel agent: First or second class?

Traveller: Second class, please.

Travel agent: Single or return?

Traveller: Single, please.

Travel agent: That’s 25 pounds. Here’s your ticket.

Traveller: Thank you. Do I have to change?

Travel agent: No, it’s a through train.

Key words.

1. to accept - to receive

2. adult - a person who is no longer a child

3. to book - to give or receive an order for tickets for a journey

4. carrier - transportation company

5. change - money in small (-er) units; money that is the difference

between the price or cost of smth. and the sum offered in

payment

6. to change - to leave one train and get into another during a journey

7. direct flight - flight on which you do not need to change

8. economy class - second class

9. leg - a separate part of a journey

10. outward journey- first part of a return journey

11. rail ticket - train ticket

12. return ticket - ticket giving the traveler the right to go to a place and back

to his starting point. (US = two way ticket)

13. single ticket - ticket for a journey to a place but not there and back. (US =

one way ticket)

14. to sign - to write your name

15. through train - the train that takes you to the place of your destination and

there is no need to change trains

b) Learn and reproduce each of the three dialogues above.

c) Make up similar dialogues and stage them with your fellow-students.

C o n v e r s a t i o n

Time off

Vocabulary

time off время отдыха, свободное время, досуг

to watch TV смотреть телевизор

well off состоятельный, зажиточный

outside activities виды деятельности на открытом воздухе

fishing рыбная ловля

water skiing катание на водных лыжах

to do jobs round the house выполнять работу по дому

paint красить, рисовать

wallpaper обои, стенная газета

to get out of town выезжать за город

the wild пустыня, дикая местность

desert пустыня

sandy coast песчаное побережье

wood лес, роща; дерево, древисина, дрова

forest лес, заповедник (для охоты)

camp лагерь; располагаться лагерем

campfire бивачный костер

trailer трейлер, автомобильный прицеп

dune buggy багги (тип автомобиля с

широкопрофильными шинами)

hang glider дельтоплан

part time courses вечерние курсы

boat trips лодочные походы

fabulous сказочный, мифический, легендарный

Time off

Working hours are shorter, holidays are longer, and people have more time off now than ever before. What do they do with it?

In both Britain and America, people watch TV for many hours every week. In America there is a very big choice. Many cities have twenty or more channels, sometimes going for twenty-four hours a day. In Britain there are four channels.

Many well-off Americans have a “camper” or “trailer” which they can use for weekends away. Some have holiday houses in the country, and spend as much time as possible on outside activities like fishing and water skiing.

Fewer British people have caravans or second homes, but many have gardens, where they spend a lot of their free time. Home owners often take time doing jobs round the house. They paint, put up wallpaper, build cupboards and even make furniture. There are a lot of DIY (Do It Yourself) shops all over the country selling everything they need.

But for some, time off means music and dancing. In London and New York, one or two new discos open every week. Some close again after a night or two, but some, like Tramps in London, go on, and on, and on...

Americans love to get out of town into the wild, and many go for holidays or long weekends into the thirty-five fabulous national parks. These magnificent areas of countryside include tropical forests, high mountains, dry deserts, long sandy coasts, grassy prairies and wooded mountains full of wild animals. The idea of these parks, which cover 1% of the whole area of the USA, is to make “a great breathing place for the national lungs”, and to keep different parts of the land as they were before men arrived. There are camping places in the national parks as well as museums, boat trips and evening campfire meetings.

Americans really enjoy new ways of travelling. In the winter, the woods are full of “snowmobiles” (cars with skis in the front). In the summer they ride their “dune buggies” across the sands or take to the sky in hang gliders.

But Americans do not only spend their free time having fun. They are very interested in culture too. Millions take part-time courses in writing, painting and music, and at the weekends the museums, art galleries and concert halls are full.

I. Learn the words to the topic ‘Time off’.

II. Read the text ‘Time off’. Answer the following questions.

1. Do people have more time off now than ever before?

2. How do most British and American people spend their spare time at home?

3. What outside activities are popular in Britain and America?

4. What is a DIY shop? Have you ever been to such a shop?

5. Are discos popular with young people? Do you often go to discos? What is your favourite disco?

6. Where do Americans like to go when they get out of town?

7. What ways of travelling do Americans enjoy?

8. How do British people like to spend their free time?

9. How do Americans satisfy their cultural needs?

10. Do you like to spend your weekend visiting museums, art galleries and concert halls?

11. Have you ever taken part-time courses in painting, music and writing?

12. Do you often watch TV? What is your favourite channel? Program?

III. Interview your friend putting him (her) 10 questions about his (her) time off. Present the information you’ve got.

IV. Write about 200 words on the topic “My Time Off”. Use the material from the texts.

V. Write the composition “My Time Off”.

Just for Fun

I. Read the following statements and comment on them.

The world is a book, and those who do not travel, read only a page.

St. Augustine

A man travels the world over in search of what he needs, and returns home to find it.

Moore

II. Learn the following proverbs and sayings. Illustrate them in the situations.

East or West, home is best.

Every country has its custom.

When at Rome, do as the Romans do.

Unit 6

Grammar:

1. Perfect Tenses. Past Perfect Tense. Future Perfect Tense

2. The functions of one

3. Word-building. The prefix re-

Texts:

A. Once again about Ozone Holes

B. Friendly to the Environment

C. Man the Loser?

Conversation:

Environment and Ecology

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