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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Волченкова К.Н., Бороненко Г.Ф., Батурина П.Н.Стр 1 из 15Следующая ⇒
Кафедра английского языка
Ш143.21-9 В689
Волченкова К.Н., Бороненко Г.Ф., Батурина П.Н.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Вводно-коррективный курс
Челябинск Издательский центр ЮУрГУ
ББК Ш 143.21-923 В689 Одобрено учебно-методической комиссией факультета лингвистики Рецензенты: Брюховская Л.Г., Федотова М.Г.
© Издательский центр ЮУрГУ, 2010 Contents
Lesson 1. Succeeding in University.…………………………………… 4 Lesson 2. Russian system of Higher Education.………………………. 18 Lesson 3. Higher Education in the UK……………………………….. 30 Lesson 4. Higher Education in the USA……………………………… 41 Lesson 5. Value of Higher Education………………………………… 52 Lesson 6. South Ural State University………………………………… 60 Lesson 7. My Future Specialty…………………………………………70 Grammar Tables.………………………………………………………. 80 References ………………………………………………………………92
Lesson 1. Succeeding in University Task 1. Brainstorming activity Discuss the following question and give all the possible answers to it What should a student have in mind to succeed in university? Task 2. Active Vocabulary Listen and pronounce the active vocabulary of the lesson after the teacher 1. “major” subject – основной предмет 2. deadline, n – крайний срок 3. foreign student – студент-иностранец 4. good career foundation – хорошая основа для создания карьеры 5. requirement, n – требование 6. source for information – источник информации 7. term paper – курсовая работа 8. advisor, n – консультант 9. employment situation – ситуация на рынке труда 10. experienced student – студент старшекурсник 11. concentration, n – сосредоточенность 12. confidence, n – уверенность 13. natural talent – природный дар 14. self-discipline, n – самодисциплина 15. self-organization, n – самоорганизация 16. strong motivation – высокая мотивация 17. to communicate with, v – общаться с 18. to consider, v – рассматривать 19. to generate loyalty – лояльно относиться 20. to hand in, n – сдавать 21. to have personality problems – иметь личные проблемы 22. to pay attention to, v – обращать внимание на 23. to pay the fee – платить за обучение 24. to prepare for (examinations) – готовиться к экзаменам 25. to respect the Rules – уважать правила 26. to succeed in, v – преуспевать в чем-либо 27. tremendous, a – огромный Task 3 Match the words to make job titles University tutor Personal teacher Driving trainer Volleyball instructor Private lecturer Primary school coach Task 4 The following data shows how a group of British students responded to the question: “What are the most important factors for success in a university? ” natural talent 4% concentration 5% high IQ 9% confidence 14% being organized 17% being disciplined 22% motivation 29%
Do you agree with the results of the survey? Use the following phrases to express your agreement or disagreement:
Example: I agree with the survey whole-heartedly. Motivation is the most important factor of success as it is very difficult to teach a student if he doesn’t want to study. or With all respect to the data of the survey I disagree. I think that to succeed in a university a student, first of all, must have natural talent and self-discipline.
Task 5 Look again at the factors enumerated in Task 2 and choose those you think you have: natural talent, concentration, high IQ, confidence, self-organization, self-discipline, strong motivation Task 6 Can you give a clear answer to the question: “Why did I enter the university? ” Look at the typical answers the students usually give and agree or disagree with them 1. I entered the university because my parents want me to have a higher education. 2. To enter the university was my decision. I want to get a higher education to get a well-paid job. 3. Entering the university is a very good alternative to serving in the army. 4. I entered the university as I feel the inner desire to improve myself through study, to realize my talents and to enlarge my knowledge about the world I live in. 5. I entered the university, as I understand that nowadays it is impossible to make a career without higher education. 6. I entered the university because I want to become a scientist and devote my life to pure science. 7. I entered the university to acquire some practical skills that will help me to find my place in the world and to create something new in the sphere of my interests.
Grammar exercises Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps with the forms of the verb «to be» in Simple Tenses
Exercise 2 Fill in the gaps with the forms of the verb «to have»
Exercise 3 Insert the right form of the verb «to be» 1. She ____ a teacher. 2. Peter and Tom ____ absent today. 3. I ___ a primary school teacher. 4. The weather _____very cold yesterday. 5. I ____ an engineer in five years. 6. What film _____ on in the cinema today? 7. My brothers ____ drivers. 8. Our teacher ____ from Great Britain. 9. Ann ___ 18 years old two years ago. 10. Where ___ you last Monday? 11. She _____ a student if she studies hard at school.
Exercise 4 Insert the right form of the verb «to have» 1. He ____ enough confidence to enter the university. 2. My mother ____ a well–paid job. 3. We ____ two lectures every day. 4. They _____ a tutorial last Wednesday. 5. Most of my classmates _____ higher education in five years. 6. Our grandmother _____ a house in the country. 7. She _____ a car next year. 8. We _____ laboratory classes yesterday. 9. Pete ____ a diploma of a Specialist in Engineering. 10. They ____ a lot of work to do. Exercise 5 Open the brackets and put the appropriate form of the verbs «to be» and «to have» 1. Ann (to have) three exams to pass last term. 2. Don’t pay attention to his rudeness he (to have) some personality problems and can’t hold himself together. 3. Peter (to have) enough confidence in his abilities to enter the university. 4. Who has told you the results of the entrance exams? – I (to have) some reliable sources of information. 5. Everybody (to have) his own personality traits and he must choose the course of study that corresponds his abilities. 6. I can’t communicate with her. She (to be) such an arrogant person. 7. We (to be) very good at studying foreign languages. 8. What (to be) your college major? 9. Ron (to be) an experienced student. It (to be) his third year of studying at the university. 10. The right choice of the college major (to be) a good career foundation. Exercise 6 Put the words given below into the right order to make up a sentence 1. Natural, is, talent, the, of, factor, critical, success. 2. In, universities, higher, Western, all, the, is, free, not, education. 3. A, pays, foreign, about, student, for, higher, education, 25, dollars, thousand, every year. 4. Do, college, you, know, the rules, this, has? 5. Motivation, role, process, an important, plays, into, the educational. 6. A, teacher, among, good, loyalty, the students, generates. 7. She, the survey, does, agree, with, not. Exercise 7 Exercise 9 Exercise 10 Exercise 11 Reading Task 1 Read and translate the text Succeeding in College To succeed in an American college, a student must be organized. The college will have a department with advisors who can help the student to structure the best program. It is then depends on the student to take four or more courses at once, write and hand in term papers on time, and prepare for examinations. Pay Attention to People Differences. Difference is the word to remember when communicating with professors and their requirements. They’ll all be different. It is important to have a good knowledge of what the individual professors are looking for, which professors are difficult to communicate with or have personality problems, which professors are well loved or generate a lot of loyalty among the students. The more experienced students can be helpful sources for this information. Respect the Rules. Throughout a college student’s career, he or she must pay careful attention to deadlines, university regulations and the paperwork the university bureaucracy requires. Fees should be paid on time. Lack of attention to paperwork and deadlines can cause tremendous problems, especially for foreign students. Choose Courses with Care. Another part of college success is the choice of a “major” subject. It should be an area the student is happy with. It is important to consider the employment situation after college, or whether or not graduate study is planned. Advance planning will give the college student a good career foundation. Task 2 Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Task 2 Ask for the opinions of other members of your group using the following phrases. Practise these phrases before using them in speech What do you think about…? Что ты думаешь о…? What’s your opinion…? Каково твое мнение о…? What is your point of view on the problem? Какова твоя точка зрения на проблему? Example: – That’s the way I see the problem. And what do you think about it? – I think that a Russian student should develop the ability to study that is to search for knowledge and not just take the ready knowledge. Problem solving Task 1. These are the Rules every student should follow. Discuss in groups of four: what rules seem quite reasonable and what rules seem quite absurd? What rules are impossible to follow, especially for Russian students? 1. Rule 1 Students must respect the rules. 2. Rule 2 Students must hand in term papers on time. 3. Rule 3 Students must be always ready for the lesson. 4. Rule 4 Students must respect their professors and never argue with them. 5. Rule 5 Students must spend 4 hours a day in the library. 6. Rule 6 Students must not discuss the professor personality and style of teaching 7. otherwise they will be expelled (отчислены). 8. Rule 7 Students must express their opinion on the subject only in case they are asked to do it. 9. Rule 8 No cheating in our university! Example: I completely agree with Rule 1. This rule seems quite reasonable. Every higher institution has a set of rules and you should follow them as entering the university you become part of the system that works in a special mode. If you break the rule it means that you interfere with the normal work of the system and create chaos.
Roleplay. University Rules Task Divide into groups of three. Your task is to work out the rules for the newly established university. Each of you will have a role written on the card. Read it carefully and make up a speech using the information given. Student A You are a student taking part in the meeting. The aim of the meeting is to establish the rules for the newly created university. Your task is to suggest some rules your professors should follow and to prove that they are very important (give your arguments). Remember you are speaking on behalf of the students, so you should protect their interests and make their life easier. At the end of the meeting you are to write down a resolution in the form of a table. Student B You are a professor taking part in the meeting. The aim of the meeting is to establish the rules for the newly created university. Your task is to suggest some rules the students should follow. Remember you are a professional. You have been working for about 20 years in education and you don’t like many things in modern students (lack of responsibility, bad behavior, missed classes etc.). Suggest the rules that will help the teaching staff to give the education of high quality. At the end of the meeting you are to write down a resolution in the form of a table.
Student C You are the member of the administration leading the meeting. The aim of the meeting is to establish the rules for the newly created university. Your task is to listen to the rules suggested by a student and a professor, analyze them and make up a decision whether you accept them or not. You may correct the rules or suggest your own ones. At the end of the meeting you are to write down a resolution in the form of a table.
Communication Introducing yourself When you meet someone for the first time, it is customary to introduce yourself.
Task 1 Introducing someone When you want to introduce someone to someone it is customary to use some expressions Task 4 Practice some expressions used to introduce someone: I’d like to introduce… I’d like you to meet… Can I introduce you to…
Task 5 Task 6 Task 3 Make up sentences using these groups of phrases in one sentence Example: Natural talent, confidence, to succeed in. He succeeds in college because of his natural talent and confidence in his abilities. 1. to depend on, motivation, high IQ 2. advisor, the best program, to structure 3. to pay attention to, every university, to have, the Rules 4. to prepare for, professors, to be different 5. to hand in, deadline, term papers 6. to communicate with, experienced students, information 7. to generate, professors, loyalty 8. employment situation, to consider, before entering 9. college, to have, a graduate program Task 4 Read the text written by Steven C. Hayes (University of Nevada) and summarize its main ideas Rule 4 Keep Your Word This is the most important rule of all. This one rule separates the successful from the unsuccessful student more than any other, but its value cannot be known until you do it. Set up a program, make it life or death. Do it. Of course, no one always does it. OK, so when you slip, go back and do it 100%. Then when you slip, go back and do it 100%. I violate this one nearly every day. Yet I continue to fight like a tiger to keep it. Rule 6 Follow Your Talent Successful students are confident. I don’t mean they necessarily feel confident. I mean that they follow their talent. They are true to themselves. Be true to yourself. Do not, however, violate what seems important to you. You will pay very dearly for the violation because it will take away your compass for scientific entertainment. You can get lost without a compass. Task 5 Enumerate the rules given by paraphrasing them Example: Rule 1. A student should constantly express his ideas verbally no matter whether he is sure or not about the things he has in mind as any idea can give great opportunities for discussion. The articulation of ideas helps the student to express himself and to enrich his way of thinking by the opinions of others.
Task 6 Using the material of the lesson express your opinion on one of the following themes 1. Critical factors of success in university. 2. The Rules everybody should follow while studying at the university. 3. The Rules every professor should follow while teaching at the university. Smile with us Farther: You know, son when Lincoln was your age he was a very good pupil. In fact he was the best pupil in class. Tom: Yes, Dad, I know that. But when he was your age he was President of the United States. Task 3 Lead–in Task 1 Task 3 Task 1 Higher Education in Russia Russia’s higher educational system started with the foundation of the State Moscow University founded in the middle of the 18th century. The getting of higher education was and still is very prestigious. Students with secondary education can be admitted to higher educational institutions. In previous years school leavers had to take both secondary schools leaving examinations and higher education entrance tests. In 2004 a choice is given to the school leavers after the Unified State Exam was introduced. Many but not all faculties of the universities admit applicants on the basis of the results of the three USE chosen by the applicants. On average, competition to enter state university now is 187 applications for 100 places. One of the great attractions of education in Russia is the cost. Degree study tuition is from $2000 to $8000 per year, with other costs (room, books, etc.) ranging from $1500 to $5000 per year, depending on location and spending habits. The types of the educational institutions in the Russian Federation are: • University: a higher educational institution with activities aimed at developing education, science, and culture by performing fundamental scientific research and training at all the levels of higher, postgraduate, and further education within a wide range of Natural Sciences, Humanities, and other branches of sciences, technology, and culture. • Academy: a higher educational institution with activities aimed at developing education, science, and culture mainly in one specific area of science, technology, and culture. • Institute: an independent higher educational institution, which applies vocational education curricula in specific areas of science, technology, and culture. Russian higher educational institutions can grant the following types of degrees and diplomas: Intermediate Diploma; Bachelor’s degree; Diploma of Specialist; Master’s degree. The function of the degree of Intermediate Higher Education granted after no less than two years of training is to certify that a student has successfully completed the first two years of the fundamental higher education, which is considered to be a basis of the chosen field of training. Besides, this degree provides mobility between various higher educational institutions. The Bachelor’s degree is awarded after at least four years of training. It covers almost all fields of knowledge, except medical science. Final state certification procedure includes the presentation of the graduation paper. Degree of a Specialist is awarded after 5–6 years of studies. The degree of a Specialist has a double function. It provides access to occupational activities and also gives the possibility to enter postgraduate courses (doctoral programs). Final state certification includes presentation of the graduation paper. Besides, in the majority of cases students have to pass final state examinations. Task 2 Task 3 Exercise 1 Match phrases in column A with their translation in column B and make up sentences with them
Exercise 2 Distribute the words given below into three columns To grant , secondary, entrance, to cover, Master’s, Bachelor’s, higher, postgraduate, final, further, academic, qualifying, vocational.
Exercise 3 Fill in the correct word from the list: sciences, to grant, secondary, multilevel, to give, paper, entrance, individual, mobility, research. 1. ________ studies 2. ________ the possibility 3. scientific ________ 4. ________ exams 5. Natural _________ 6. ________ education 7. ________ system 8. graduation ______ 9. _________ a degree 10. to provide _______
Exercise 4 Student A You are a second-year student of the SUSU. Help the American student to understand the rules and regulations of being accepted to Russian university, being granted a degree. Explain the difference between the types of Russian educational institutions. You may also suggest him some tips for studying, clarify the peculiarities of students’ life in Russia. It’s your first meeting with the person. Don’t forget to introduce yourself. Student B You are an American student. You want to get a higher education in Russian. You love Russia very much as your grandmother is Russian. So you’ve come to Russia to find out as much details as possible about the system of Higher education in Russia, about the types of educational institutions and about the hardships (difficulties) of students’ life. You’ve met a Russian second-year student. Introduce yourself and remember you are a very inquisitive person. Grammar exercises Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Choose the right variant: Past Perfect or Present Perfect 1. Aunt Polly punished Tom Sawyer because he (be) naughty boy. a) has been b) had been 2. Why are you so unhappy? – I (lose) my purse. a) have lost b) had lost 3. Sam was upset because Judy (not/come). a) hasn’t come b)hadn’t come 4. Mother asked the children if they (buy) some biscuits for tea. a) has bought b) had bought 5. I (leave) some photos to be developed. Are they ready? a) have left b) had left 6. Tell Tommy about these wonderful islands. He never (hear) about them. a) has never heard b) had never heard 7. I’m so happy to see you again. I (not/see) you since I left Berks. a) hadn’t seen b) haven’t seen 8. She said she (not/see) him since she left Berks. a) hadn’t seen b) hasn’t seen 9. When she returned home, he (already/cook) dinner. a) had already cooked b) has already cooked 10. Who (read) this book? a) has read b) had read
Exercise 4 Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Future Perfect Tense 1. She ___________ (to cook) dinner by the time you come. 2. The tutor _________ (to look through) all our tests by the end of the week. 3. The film already ________ (to start) when we get there. 4. I _________ (to finish) this book by next month. 5. My parents ________ (to go) to bed when we come back from the theatre. 6. The lecture _________ (to be over) by 5 and the last student will have left the hall. 7. It _________(to stop) raining by the time we get there. 8. By the time you get home you __________ (to forget) everything. 9. Ann _______ (to come) back by the moment the play starts. 10. By 2100 computers ________ (to take over) many of the jobs that people do today. Exercise 5 Exercise 6 Exercise 7 Communication Reacting Task 1 Look at sentences 1 to 8. Then choose phrases from the list and in pairs act out short exchanges reacting positively or negatively. • OK. • Never mind. • Not at all. • Go ahead• Pity • Why not • I’d love to. • Yes, actually, • You'd better not. • Let's not. • Poor • Quite reasonable. • I’d rather not. • Terribly
1. I won’t be able to make it. 2. Shall we go? 3. Do you mind? 4. How did it go? 5. Are you coming then? 6. What are my chances? 7. Can I try? 8. I tried really hard. Example: A. I won’t be able to make it. B. Pity. Task 2 Enlarge the situations given Example: - Will you go to the disco this evening? - I won’t be able to make it. I am sitting with my sister this evening. - Pity. May be next time? - With pleasure.
Homework Task 1 Use the phrases given below to fill in the gaps into the sentences Secondary education, training, final state examinations, vocational education curricula, to provide mobility, entrance exams, degree of a Specialist, to provide access, competition, distance learning students. 1. To enter the higher institution every applicant should pass ________. 2. _______________ is compulsory in Russia. 3. _______________ is awarded after 5 or 6 years of study. 4. Institute is and independent higher educational institution which applies__________ in specific areas of science, technology and culture. 5. The Intermediate Higher degree is designed _________ between various higher educational institutions. 6. Final state certification includes the presentation of the graduation project and ________. 7. In many modern universities large computer centers are established __________ to Internet resources for the students. 8. ________ to enter state university for the specialties that are in great demand nowadays is 5 applications for one place. 9. To get a Bachelor’s degree a student needs not less than four years of __________. 10. Part-time and __________ constitute one third of the overall number of students in the country. Task 2 Task 3 Translate from Russian into English using the active vocabulary of the lesson 1. Система высшего образования в России находится в стадии реформирования. 2. Среднее образование является обязательным для всех граждан России. 3. После четырех лет обучения студент получает диплом Бакалавра. 4. Университет это высшее учебное заведение, чья деятельность направлена на образование, развитие науки и культуры. 5. При поступлении в университет абитуриенты должны сдавать вступительные экзамены. 6. Министерство образования предлагает принимать в университет абитуриентов на основе результатов Единого Государственного Экзамена. (Unified State Exam) 7. Студенты вечернего отделения и студенты, получающие образование дистанционно, составляют третью часть всех студентов. 8. В Российской Федерации существует несколько типов высших учебных заведений: университеты, институты, академии. Task 4 Read the text and match the abstracts with the titles given below a. Leading role in humanities and in applied sciences b. Russian Diplomas Competitiveness c. Great variety of educational institutions d. High Standard of Education e. Higher Education in Russian is much cheaper than in other countries Task 6 Task 7 Find information in the Internet on the following topics and present it in the form of a report: 1. What is the Bologna process? 2. Why has Russia decided to become the part of the Bologna process? 3. What is the main purpose of the Unified State Exams? 4. Why is the Russian system of higher education is among the best in the world?
Smile with us Professor: A fool can ask more questions than a wise man can answer. Student: No wonder so many of us failed our exams! Task 1 Try to answer the following question using your background knowledge 1. What do you know about the system of Higher Education in Great Britain? 2. Why do you think many new Russians send their children to the UK colleges to get degrees? 3. Do you know any world famous colleges of the UK? Grammar exercises Exercise 1 Change the active to the passive by supplying the correct form of the verb to be Example: Tom prepares the homework every day. The homework is prepared by Tom. 1. Tom is preparing the homework. The homework _____ prepared by Tom now. 2. Tom has prepared the homework. The homework _____ prepared by Tom. 3. Tom prepared the homework. The homework _____ prepared by Tom. 4. Tom was preparing the homework. The homework _____ prepared by Tom. 5. Tom had prepared the homework. The homework _____ prepared by Tom. 6. Tom will prepare the homework. The homework _____ prepared by Tom. 7. Tom will have prepared the homework. The homework _____ prepared by Tom.
Exercise 2 Exercise 5 Exercise 6 Make up Yes/No questions using the words given Example: India, rice, is, grown, in. Is rice grown in India? 1. Into, languages, many, this book, translated, has, been. 2. A, is, being, built, new church, in, Moscow. 3. The planet, is, known, Mars, as, “the red planet”. 4. Ground, the, covered, is, snow, with. 5. Your, is, being, wedding dress, made, your mother, by. 6. At the moment, being, taught, he, to drive, a car, is. 7. The, has, canceled, been, meeting. 8. All, have, sold, the tickets, been. 9. The, is, cut, grass, every week.
Exercise 7 Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Past Perfect Passive 1. The alarm system had been broken before the thieves climbed through a window. 2. After the stolen motorbike _______ (to find) the police called the owner. 3. Smoke rising from the mouth of the volcano _______ (to see) by the tourists two days before the eruption. 4. The dinner ___already ____ (to eat) by the time I came home. 5. All the work _______ (to do) by the moment the mother came home from work.
Exercise 8 Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Future Perfect Passive Example: A new park will have been laid out by summer. 1. All her affairs _________ (to settle) before she gets married. 2. All the stolen goods _________ (to find) by September. 3. By the end of the year a new bridge __________ (to build). 4. I ___________ (to examine) by the doctor by this time tomorrow.
Exercise 9 Insert by or with into the gaps 1. Most children are strongly influenced ____ their parents. 2. The jam sandwiches were made _____ white bread. 3. My camera was loaded _____ a black and white film. 4. The supermarket trolley was filled _____ cat food. 5. My hair was cut _____ a top stylist. 6. The song was performed ______ Madonna. 7. This book was written _____ my favorite author. 8. Claire was shouted at ______ her teacher. 9. The cake was decorated _____ icing. 10. The tiger was shoot _____ a gun.
Exercise 10 Choose the right variant 1. The children taught/ were taught Italian. 2. This problem will discuss/will be discussed at the conference. 3. The president interviewed/was interviewed on French TV. 4. Teachers have given/ have been given a new pay rise by the government. 5. Walt Disney created/was created the cartoon character of Mickey Mouse. 6. The firm has been making/has been made dresses for twenty years. 7. He treats/is treated the girl very badly. 8. He said that he had taken/had been taken his watch to a watchmaker’s. 9. Many new houses have been built/have built this year. 10. The door closed/was closed. Reading Task 1 Did you know that The University education in Britain was only for men until 1871, when the first women’s college was opened. Now almost all colleges are mixed. Task 2 Give the main idea of the text in one sentence The main idea of the text is ….. The text is about ……. Task 3 Exercise 3 Exercise 5 Try to complete the gaps using the factual information from the text Higher education in Great Britain has a long history. First institutions of higher education appeared in _____. The most famous of them are ______ and ______ to which the term Oxbridge refer. For many centuries the tradition of getting higher education was the _____ of the ________. Even nowadays higher education in Great Britain costs money, which means that it is not ____. To enter the university good ____ results in at least ___ ______ are necessary. Universities choose their students only after _______. Speaking Exercise 6 Discussion Introduction Most English Universities have picturesque campuses with beautiful gardens decorated with modern sculptures, exotic trees, flowers and ducks swimming in ponds. Some universities have even special staff to take care about the gardens. But university campus doesn’t only comprise miles of well–organized nature but all the necessary facilities for the successful students’ study as well. Besides you should keep in mind that English universities compete for the students and they have to suggest the best conditions of study and high quality of education for the lowest cost. Task 1 Student A. You are a school leaver. Next year you want to enter a university. You want to leave your home and live in a university campus to have a new experience. You have heard from your friend that Exeter University is one of the beautiful and interesting places to get a degree. But you need some additional information about the university facilities and conditions of study. Your task is to ask all the necessary questions to make a decision on whether you will choose this university as a place to get a higher education or not. Try not to forget to ask about: 1. Terms of admission 2. Fee 3. Methods of instruction 4. Libraries (information resources) 5. Accommodation Student B. You are the Academic Officer of the university. You know the answers to all the questions about the university and students life. Your task is to provide information to the applicants and to make the university attractive for the applicant. Use the information given. 1. Terms of admission (General Certificate of Secondary Education + A–level results in at least two subjects + interview) 2. Fee (5, 000 pounds for a resident, 15, 000 pounds for a foreign student) 3. Methods of instruction (personal tutor, individual support and advice, choice of courses, a possibility to study for a year in Europe, lectures, tutorials, e-learning, Internet–based materials, interactive on-line Learning Environment which delivers 120 courses) 4. Libraries (1, 100, 000 volumes, over 3, 500 periodical subscriptions to journals, on–line access to 7, 000 journals, PC clusters available 24hours 7 days a week for Internet access and word-processing) 5. Accommodation (4000 thousand places, singles furnished with a bed, wardrobe, bookshelves, desk and chair. All rooms have a phone and high-speed network/internet link. The kitchens are modern and well-equipped). Task 2 Students’ life differs a lot from that you had at school. Some young people say they have become more serious and responsible for their study. What has changed in your character since you entered the university? Have you become more serious, more responsible, more independent or vice versa? Model: I think I have become more independent from the opinions of my parents. At the university a student has more freedom and he has to take a lot of decisions. I like to take decisions myself. Communication Congratulating – Consoling Task 1 Homework Task 1 Task 2 Transfer the sentences from Active into Passive Example: I finished school 8 years ago. The school was finished 8 years ago. 1. I advanced my career after getting the Master’s degree. 2. My sister teaches students at the university. 3. I have already done my homework. 4. Scientists proved this theorem 20 years ago. 5. When will you defend your graduation project? 6. We carried out many experiments in the laboratory. 7. I took all the necessary textbooks in the library. 8. We will perform this work on the computer next week. 9. I write letters to my pen-friend every week.
Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Exercise 5 Smile with us William Lyon Phelps, on a pre-Christmas examination paper, found written, “God only knows the answer to this question. Merry Christmas.” He returned the paper with the notation, “God gets an A; you get an F. Happy New Year.”
Lesson 4. Higher Education in the USA Lead-in Task 1 Grammar exercises Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps with the Modal verbs: can, can’t, could, couldn't 1. I have been chosen to represent our company in Spain because I am the only person in our firm who _______ speak Spanish. 2. I _______ do my homework last night because I was too tired. 3. Do you know how to cook? – Yes, I ______ cook very well. 4. He _____ watch TV last night because his TVset was broken. 5. Mozart _______ play the piano and compose music at the age of three. 6. Elephants ______ live until they are seventy. 7. We ________ go swimming yesterday because the water was cold. 8. This diamond ring is too expensive for me. I ________ buy it. 9. Einstein ______ speak 8 foreign languages. 10. The coffee is too hot I _______ drink it.
Exercise 2 Exercise 4 Fill in the gaps using the modal verb must and the expressions given below Close the door behind you go to medical school Have a driver’s license have a library card have a passport pay an income tax speak English outside of class every day, read newspapers stop study harder take one pill every six hours Example: According to the law a driver must have a driver’s license. 1. If a traffic light is red, a car must_______________. 2. My doctor gave me a prescription. According to the directions on the bottle, I must ____________. 3. If you want to check a book out of the library, you must ________________. 4. Nancy has a job in Chicago. She earns 20, 000$ a year. According to the law, she must __________. 5. I failed the last two tests in my biology class. According to my professor, I must ____________. 6. I want to travel abroad. According to the law, I must _____________. 7. If you want to become a doctor, you must _______________. 8. Jimmy! It’s cold outside. When you come inside, you must __________________. 9. I want to improve my English. According to my teacher, I must _________________.
Exercise 5 Fill in the gaps with the modal verb must or its equivalents have to, be to 1. We ______ wait for some minutes because we missed the train. 2. I _____ meet my sister at the station today at 7. 3. There is no ice-cream. According to the schedule it ______ be delivered at twelve. 4. I _____ leave early because I was not feeling quite well. 5. The inn was small and we ____ share the room. 6. She ______ come to work in time or I’ll fire her! 7. To know English you _____ read more books in the original. 8. The game ______ begin at 6 according to the programme. 9. You ____ study well or you will not enter the university. 10. I ____ be at the meeting. My boss ordered me to be there. He will accept no excuses.
Exercise 6 Finish the sentences using should or shouldn’t 1. Students should come to class every day. 2. We _______ waste our money on things we don’t need. 3. Life is short. We _________ waste it. 4. It’s raining. You _________ take your umbrella when you leave. 5. People ________ be cruel to animals. 6. Your plane leaves at 8.00. You _______ get to the airport by 7.00. 7. You _______ smoke in a crowded room because the smoke bothers other people. 8. When you go to New York city you _______ see play on Broadway. 9. You _________ walk alone on city streets after midnight. It’s dangerous. 10. When you go to San Francisco, you _______ ride on the cable cars. Exercise 7 Use mustn’t or needn’t to fill the gaps 1. You ___________ give Freddy any more sweets or he won’t eat any tea. 2. The doctor said I _______________ go back to the hospital; my leg is all right. 3. You ___________ make any sandwiches for me. I’m not hungry. 4. She ___________ fill in a new application form, we have the other one. 5. You ___________ mention this to Kate, or she’ll get upset. 6. She ____________ bring a doctor’s certificate, she was only away for one day. 7. You ____________ take any more aspirins, you’ve had four already. 8. Tell her she ______________ open any letters marked “personal”.
Exercise 8 Choose the right variant 1. You may/ mustn’t run the corridors. It’s dangerous. 2. Can/Should I ask you a question? 3. Will/Shall we go out for lunch today? 4. You should/must see a doctor as soon as possible. You’ve got high temperature. 5. Tom can/may play tennis very well. 6. I have no choice. I have to/must wait for him until he comes. 7. Today a have a date with Tom. I am to be/have to be at the cafe at 10. 8. Tony was able to/could enter the University. 9. You shouldn’t/mustn’t lie in court. Reading Task 1 Higher Education in the USA To attend an American university students must complete 12 years of primary and secondary education. Students who would like to attend college or university must attend an undergraduate school. These are schools that offer either a two-year degree or a four-year degree in a specific course of study. That course of study is called the major. An associate degree is a two-year degree given by two types of colleges: community colleges and junior colleges. The two classes of associate degrees are the Associate of Arts (also called the A.A.) and the Associate of Applied science (also called the A.A.S.). Community colleges are operated by the local government and are financed by public funds. They serve two functions: (1) students who do not want to get a bachelor’s degree will attend a community college to get an associate degree; (2) students who want to get a bachelor’s degree will complete the first two years of their undergraduate education at a community college and then transfer to a four-year college for the last two years. The tuition at a community college is much less than at a four-year college or university. Therefore many American students choose to attend a community college for two years as a way of lowering the cost of getting a bachelor’s degree. A bachelor’s degree is the traditional degree given by American colleges and universities. It normally requires at least four years of full-time college-level coursework. The two classes of bachelor’s degrees are the Bachelor of Science and the Bachelor of Arts. Students must complete a required number of courses within their major in order to graduate with a degree in that major. They may also be required to complete a number of courses in closely related fields. A college graduate with a bachelor’s degree may find that degree insufficient for the type of profession he would like to have. It may often be necessary to get an advanced degree, such as a Master’s or Doctorate degree, to advance your career. Not all colleges and universities offer Master’s degree programs. The Master’s degree is a graduate school degree that typically requires two years of full-time coursework to complete. The Doctorate degree is even more focused and specialized than the Master’s degree. Completion of a doctorate degree typically takes between three and six years. The length of time will depend on the student’s educational background, the field of study selected, the student’s dedication and ability, and the complexity of the thesis the student has chosen.
Task 2 Answer the questions on the text 1. What are the admission terms for the American students? 2. Why do many American students prefer studying in community colleges for the first two years of their university career? 3. What two Bachelor’s degrees do American students grant? 4. What degrees does the graduate school grant? 5. How does the American system of higher education differ from the Russian one? Task 3 Task 5 Tell about the American system of Higher education to the group of Russian students ( Terms of admission, types of degrees, types of colleges, undergraduate school, graduate school)
Vocabulary practice Exercise 1 Complete the gaps using the phrases given: research, the cost, community, school, educational, degree, coursework, related, a major, to advance 1. undergraduate _______ 2. _______ paper 3. _______ background 4. to lower ______ 5. associate _____ 6. _______ college 7. to select ______ 8. _______ one’s career 9. _______ fields 10. full-time _______ Exercise 2 Reading Task 1 Unit system College courses are given a value, which are called “credits” or “units.” The number of units assigned to a course corresponds to the number of hours that a student will attend class for that course. For example, a course that consists of three class sessions per week will be assigned a value of three units. Typically, colleges require that students complete a minimum number of units in order to graduate, rather than a minimum number of courses. This gives students more flexibility in what courses they decide to take to complete their graduation requirements. Most colleges and universities follow either a quarter-based calendar system or a semester–based calendar system. In a quarter system, the academic year is divided into three sessions called quarters. Each quarter lasts about 12 weeks. There is usually an additional quarter in the summer, where registration is optional. In a semester system, the academic year is divided into two sessions called semesters. Each semester lasts 16 weeks. Students who have registered for at least 12 units in a session are said to be “full-time” students. Students who have registered for fewer than 12 units in a session are called “part-time” students. 1. What is a unit system? 2. What students may be called “full–time students”? 3. What students may be called “part–time students”? Problem solving Introduction The American system of Higher education has some peculiarities. It is considered a democratic one. But the democracy introduced into the universities as well as in secondary schools seems to cause some troubles for the teaching staff. Very often it results in the low level of education. Among the reasons that strongly influence on the level of higher education the American professors call: – the absence of core curriculum. Students may choose both the course they would like to study and the lecturer. The lecturer is free to choose the textbook to deliver lectures on, he is free to choose the themes to be learnt, he may omit some themes, which he considers unimportant. – the absence of oral examinations. All the examinations in American universities are done in a written form. A professor can not call a student to the blackboard and discuss the results of his work in class in front of the classmates. – the absence of set groups as any student has an individual program of study.
Task Communication Making requests and refusing politely Task 1 Task 2 Homework Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Plan 1. Name of the inventor 2. Invention 3. Reasons for making such an invention 4. Benefits for a society
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