The Simple Sentence. Parts of the Simple Sentence

Как и в русском языке, в английском выделяют пять членов предложения: подлежащее, сказуемое (главные), дополнение, определение, обстоятельство (второстепенные). Позиция подлежащего всегда заполнена.

В отличие от русского, в английском языке порядок слов в предложении фиксированный.

1 2 3 4

My husband works as an economist at a plant

Эта схема может варьироваться: обстоятельство может находиться перед подлежащим, подлежащее и дополнение могут осложняться определением. При этом, второстепенные члены предложения, находящиеся перед подлежащим, будут занимать нулевую позицию (0). В более сложном варианте она выглядит так:

 

Рассмотрите расположение членов предложения на примере следующих предложений:

My friend studies English at University.

Usually students of extra-mural department go to University to take their exams twice a year.

Обстоятельства Adverbial modifiers	Подлежащее Subject	Сказуемое predicate	Дополнения objects	Определения Attributes	Обстоятельства Adverbial modifiers
	My friend	studies	English		at University.
Usually	students of extra-mural department	go			to University; to take their exams twice a week.

Понимание смысла предложения зависит от понимания его синтаксической структуры. Анализ предложения всегда нужно начинать с выделения основы, точнее, со сказуемого, а подлежащее всегда находится слева от него. Формальными признаками сказуемого часто могут быть вспомогательные глаголы, которые находятся слева от смыслового глагола: is, am, are, was, were, shall, will, have, has, had, do, did, does, been, being, а также окончания смыслового глагола: -(e)s, -ed, -ing., а также модальные глаголы: can, could, must, may, might, ought, shall, will, should, would.

Practice:

 

Прочитайте следующие предложения, найдите по признакам сказуемое, подлежащее, дополнение, обстоятельство и переведите их.

1) Everybody was looking at the dancing girl.

2) My parents want to buy a new car instead of flying to Egypt.

3) Paris is a fantastic city.

4) It was raining all day yesterday.

5) Look! It is snowing.

6) They married just a few months ago.

7) Suddenly an elegant elderly lady wearing a black suit came into the room.

8) After ten years of severe heart disease a successful operation was made to the President.

9) My mother-in-law is getting to be unbearable.

10) They wish to make sure that he does not alter his plans.

11) I would really like to get a dialogue with my boyfriend going.

To be in the Present Simple Tense form

I (я)	am	a student
You ( ты, вы)	are	a student students
He (он) She (она)	is is	a student a student
We (мы)	are	students
They (они)	are	students

Am	I	a student?
Are	you	a student? students?
Is Is	he she	a student? a student?
Are	we	students?
Are	they	students?

 

I You He She They We	am are is is are are	(not)	a driver a doctor a student a teacher a artist a plumper
Am Are Is Is Are Are	I you he she they we	a driver? a doctor? a student? a teacher? a artist? a plumper?

Dialogue:

— Are you a student? — Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

— Is he a student? — Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

— Are you students? — Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.

 

There is/There are.

 

There are / There is — обстоятельственный оборот, который указывает на местонахождение лица или предмета в определенном месте. Эта конструкция употребляется, когда мы сообщаем слушающему о предметах или лицах, неизвестных ему. Сравните:

Where is my pen? — The pen is in the bag. (Я спрашиваю конкретно о своей ручке.)

What is there in the bag? — There is a pen in the bag. (Я не знаю, что находится в сумке.)

На русский язык эту конструкцию переводят «есть», «имеется», «находится», «существует» или вообще не переводят.

There are ten universities in the city. — В нашем городе (есть) десять университетов.

Present	Past	Future
There is a car in the garage. There is not a car in the garage. Is there a car in the garage?	There was a car in the garage. There was not a car in the garage. Was there a car in the garage?	There will be a car in the garage. There will not be a car in the garage. Will there be a car in the garage?

Если в предложении несколько подлежащих, то глагол to be согласуется по числу с первым из них: There are two chairs, a table and a sofa in the room. There is a sofa, a table and two chairs in the room.

Practice:

 

1. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы, утвердительно или отрицательно:

There is a gas station and a police station on State Street. There is a drug store around the corner from the bank. There are two schools between the train station and the park. There is a museum next to the book store. There is a hairdresser’s across from the movie theater.

· Is there a gas station on Main Street? – Yes, there is. / No, there is not.

· Is there a museum between the train station and the park? –

· Are there two schools next to the book store? –

· Is there a drug store around the corner from the book store? –

· Is there a hairdresser’s across from the movie theater? –

 

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