True, False or No Information?

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1. A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine driven rotors. 2. In contrast with fixed-wing aircraft, this allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards and laterally. 3. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft would not be able to take off or land. 4. The rotor system, or more simply rotor, is the fixed part of a helicopter which generates lift. 5. The capability to efficiently hover for extended periods of time allows a helicopter to accomplish tasks that fixed-wing aircraft and other forms of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft cannot perform.

6. A helicopter used to carry loads connected to long cables or slings is called a passenger helicopter. 7. A rotor system may be mounted horizontally as main rotors are, providing lift vertically, or it may be mounted vertically, such as a tail rotor, to provide lift horizontally as thrust to counteract torque effect.

Transport Helicopter Mi - 8

(NATO Codename " Hip" )

Flight characteristics

Weight (empty)	6 965 kg
Take off weight	11 100 kg
Maximum take off weight	12 000 kg
Rotor diameter	21 290 mm
Crew
Payload	2 355 kg
Maximum payload	4 000 kg
Maximum slung load	3 000 kg
Cruising speed	225 km/h
Maximum speed	250 km/h
Flight range	465 km
Flight range (with additional fuel tanks)	950 km
Hovering ceiling	800 m
Operational ceiling	4 500 m

The Mi-8 Transport Helicopter is the most popular helicopter in the world. In the Soviet Union there were developed more than 50 various modifications of this helicopter and built approximately 12 000 helicopters including 3 600 built for export. These helicopters are still being built at the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant, the Kazan Helicopter Plant and the Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant. The Mi-8 Transport Helicopters took part in a great number of military conflicts all around the world including Afghanistan and both Chechnya wars. Nowadays theMi-8 with its various modifications is operational in over 50 countries of the world including some NATO countries.

The Mi-8T is a basic version of the transport helicopter among its civil and military versions. Its cockpit accommodates three crew members – a commander, a navigator, and a flight mechanic. The cockpit can be armored (military version). A sling load is up to 3000 kg. Fuel is carried in two flexible internal and external fuel tanks (1 870 l capacity both). The Mi-8 " Hip" uses aviation kerosene.

Flight and navigation instruments, radio equipment of the Mi-8 allow it to fly day and night under any meteorological conditions. Helicopter is fitted with a four-channel autopilot stabilizing the helicopter in 4 flight coordinates.

Other modifications of the helicopter:

- Mi-8P - Passenger Helicopter operated by the civil airlines for commercial purposes. This helicopter has 28 passenger seats;

- Mi-8S - Improved Passenger Helicopter;

- Mi-8PS - Improved comfort luxury Passenger Helicopter intended for 7 - 11 VIP passengers. Such helicopters are built on special orders in limited number for presidents and government members;

- Mi-8TV - an armored variant of the Mi-8T Helicopter;

- Mi-8TVK - Export variant of the Mi-8TV Helicopter;

- Mi-8ATM - Amphibious Helicopter;

- Mi-8TM - Improved Multipurpose Helicopter. This helicopter was designed for improved capabilities at a high altitudes and hot climate zones. These helicopters were involved into Soviet Union-Afghanistan War in 1979 - 1988;

- Mi-8TMV/Mi-17 - Improved Multipurpose Helicopter with improved capabilities at a high altitudes and hot climate zones with increased armament. The Mi-8TMV was intended for the Soviet Army while the Mi-17 is its export name;

- Mi-8MTV-2/Mi-17-1V - Heavy Armed Multipurpose Helicopter one of the most powerful in its class;

- Mi-8TZ - Fuel Carrier;

- Mi-8R - Reconnaissance Helicopter;

- Mi-8MPS - Sea Search and Rescue Helicopter. It carries a rescue team and can lift 10 people at a time on a sling with light rescue raft. The Mi-8MPS has increased fuel capacity, additional radar system, thermal search system, navigation system and rescue equipment. These helicopters are used for a spacecraft recovery missions. It delivers technical groups with rescue equipment to the craft landing zone. It returns to a nearest aerodrome cosmonaut and space objects up to 3 000 kg weight.

- Mi-8ATS - Agricultural Multipurpose Helicopter.

Also there are such versions as the Fire-Fighting Helicopter, Ambulance Helicopter and others.

Mi-171

The Mi-171 is a Russian helicopter designed by the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant on the base of Mi-8/Mi-17. It was first demonstrated at the Farnborough International Airshow in 1992 attracting much attention of aviation specialists. The Mi-171 is a multipurpose helicopter which can be equipped for a great variety of tasks: - carrying of passengers; - freight carrying; - search and rescue operations; - medical operations; - -fire-fighting; - -carrying of VIP-persons; - military operations. It is currently in production at two factories in Kazan and Ulan-Ude. The Mi-171s are operational in Europe, Asia, South America, Africa.

Flight performances

Payload	21 000 kg
Max take-off weight	13 000 kg
Passenger capacity
Crew
Rotor diameter	21.294 m
Cruising speed	230 km/h
Max speed	250 km/h
Operational ceiling	6 000 m
Range with max payload	610 km

Supplementary Reading

Antitorque configurations

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