Answer the following questions. Give your reasons.

1. What general leadership styles do you know?

2. How can you characterize authoritarian leadership style?

3. Is there a high concern for the task or for people in autocratic style?

4. How can you characterize participative leadership style?

5. What differs democratic style from autocratic one?

6. How do managers with laissez-fair style lead?

7. What is the most effective leadership style?

8. What is transformational leadership?

9. What characteristics should good transformational leaders perform?

10. What three kinds of leadership do effective groups balance?

2. Determine which of the following statements are true and which are false. Then put T or F in the blanks. Rewrite false statements to make them true.

1. __ Autocratic - a leadership style in which the leader uses authority in a straight­forward manner by simply issuing orders.

2. __Authoritarian leaders can’t organize group activities with a high degree of efficiency.

3. __Participative - a leadership style in which the leader uses authority in a straightforward manner by simply issuing orders.

4. __Having less faith in their groups than do authoritarian leaders, democratic leaders involve group members in the decision-making process.

5. __Democratic leaders focus more on guiding discussion than on issuing commands.

6. __ Laissez-fair - a leadership style characterized by a " leave it alone" or " hands off" approach.

7. __ Laissez-fair style of leadership (or nonleadership) often leaves a group frustrated because it lacks guidance and has to struggle with organizing the work.

8. __ The best leadership style is transformational style.

9. __ Transformational leadership - is a particular style of leadership as it is a quality or characteristic of relating to others.

10. __ Someone who implies that he or she has the best ideas and can do the best work is likely playing the positive roles of blocking and dominating.

11. __ Effective groups balance three kinds of leadership, which parallel the three group dimensions.

Assignments______________________________________________________

1. Say what you have learned about:

1.autocratic style of leadership; 2. democratic style of leadership; 3. laissez-fair style of leadership; 4. transformational style of leadership; 5.effective groups leadership.

Translate paragraphs 3, 4, 5, and 8 of the text.

Summarize the text.

Vocabulary_______________________________________________________

Below is a list of terms that you could find in the text. Use this as a working list and add other terms that you figured out in the unit.

1. to influence – влиять

2. to hang back – отстраниться

3. straight­forward - прямой; движущийся или ведущий прямо вперед

4. concern - забота, беспокойство

5. to assume - получать (должность и т. п.)

6. superiority - превосходство, преимущество

7. virtually - практически

8. to eliminate - исключать ( from)

9. uncertainty - неуверенность

10. to participate - участвовать

11. laissez-fair management style - либеральный стиль руководства/управления

12. to encourage - поддерживать

13. to share - разделять ( smth. with smb. - с кем-л. что-л.), использовать совместно

14. faith – доверие

15. to involve - вовлекать ( in, with)

16. to guide - вести, направлять

17. to issue - издавать (приказ)

18. to leave alone – оставлять в покое

19. hands off – автоматический режим (вычислительной системы)

20. to turn over – передавать дело другому

21. complete – полный

22. to frustrate – разочаровывать, обманывать (надежды, ожидания)

23. to lack - испытывать недостаток, нуждаться; не иметь ( for)

24. to struggle – бороться

25. to assert - декларировать

26. follower – последователь

27. particular – специфический

28. vision – представление

29. to inspire – вдохновлять

30. framework – структура

31. to perform - делать, выполнять (какую-либо работу, задание и т.д.)

32. to demean - попирать, унижать

33. to demand – требовать

34. to imply – предполагать

35. dimension – аспект

36. to resolve - разрешать (сомнения и т. п.)

37. due – ожидаемый

38. assignment – задание

39. to rotate - сменять(ся) по очереди

40. to respond - реагировать, отзываться ( to)

41. ___________________________________________________________

42. ___________________________________________________________

43. ___________________________________________________________

44. ___________________________________________________________

45. ___________________________________________________________

46. ___________________________________________________________

UNIT V CHANNEL CHOICE STRATEGY

Reading_________________________________________________________

Write out any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.

CHANNEL CHOICE STRATEGY [9]

Channel choice refers to the choice of medium through which you send your message. In the past, this strategic choice was basically between two channels: writing and speaking. Today, many more channels exist - including fax, email, voicemail, electronic meetings, and video teleconferencing. These new channels have changed how we think about channel choice. For example, traditional writing is usually fairly reserved and controlled; email, however, may be informal and spontaneous. Before you choose a channel from among this expanded set of alternatives, think about these general questions. Do you need to: Be formal or informal? Receive an immediate response or not? Elicit high audience participation or not? Have, a " rich" communication or not? Have a permanent record or not? Use a channel preferred by your audience or their culture?

Writing channels include traditional writing, fax, email, and web page.

Traditional writing

Advantages of traditional writing: Choose writing when you want to
use precise wording and grammar, because you can edit; save time for your audience;
have a private communication,

Disadvantages of traditional writing: If you write, you will have delayed transmission time, a delayed response, if any, no nonverbal communication.

2. Facsimile (fax)

Advantages: Same as traditional writing, but with faster transmission
time.

Disadvantages: Same as traditional writing, but usually less private;
may not reproduce graphics precisely.

Electronic mail (email)

Advantages: Same as traditional writing, plus less likely to take much preparation time; more likely to contact people in all levels of an organization; more likely to include written nonverbal cues by using " emoticons, " such as: -); -(; easy for audience to respond quickly;

Disadvantages: may be hard to read because less likely to edit, full of typos and mistakes, and, more importantly, lack of logical frameworks for the reader - such as headings and transitions; may include email jargon the reader does not understand - such as BTW (" by the way" ) or LOL (" laughing out loud" ); may be sent to the wrong person by mistake.

Web page

• Advantages: Provides easy access to document at all times, can
reach audiences you don't know.

• Disadvantages: Least personal and private written channel, usu­ally one-way communication, not addressed to specific audience; readers have to look for it.

Speaking to a group.

Speaking to a group includes tell/sell presentations, consult/join meetings, videoconferences, audioconferences, broadcasting or webcasting, electronic meetings, email meetings

Tell/sell presentations

Advantages: Compared to writing, choose presentations when you
want to control if and when the message is received and have your
audience hear the same information at the same time; receive an
immediate and interactive response;

Disadvantages: Presentations are less private and confidential than
writing, require that the audience must be in the same place, do not allow as much detail as writing, because listeners cannot assimilate as much
detail as readers.

Consult/join meetings

Advantages: Choose meetings when you want to elicit ideas from others; foster group participation and discussion; resolve group issues; receive input from various people or groups, reach a consensus and establish action steps.

Disadvantages: Face-to-face meetings do not allow the possibility of simultaneous participation in multiple locations; can delay meeting follow-up activities because decisions and action items must be written up after the meeting.

Videoconferences

• Advantages: Choose videoconferences when (1) the participants are
in different places, but you want to communicate with them all at the
same time; (2) you want to save on travel time and expenses.

• Disadvantages: They are usually not as effective as face-to-face
meetings when you need to persuade or to establish personal relationships.

4. Audioconferences Audioconferences are usually called telephone conference calls.

• Advantages: Have most of the advantages of videoconferencing, but
are (1) cheaper, (2) based on more readily available equipment,
(3) less time and trouble to set up.

• Disadvantages: Have most of the disadvantages of videoconferencing
plus (1) lack of body language makes it harder to interact and to know
who is going to speak next, and (2) lack of text or visuals makes it
harder to communicate a great deal of detailed information.

Broadcasting or webcasting

Advantages: Can transmit to multiple audiences in multiple locations.

Disadvantages: Usually one-way video, sometimes two-way audio.

Electronic meetings

Advantages: Choose electronic meetings when you want to
(1) generate more ideas and alternatives more quickly than with a traditional note-taker; (2) allow the possibility of anonymous input, which
may lead to more candid and truthful replies; (3) maximize
audience participation and in-depth discussion because everyone can
" speak" simultaneously, so shy members are more likely to participate.
Disadvantages: EMS (1) cannot replace face-to-face contact,
especially when group efforts are just beginning and when you arc trying to build group values, trust, and emotional ties; (2) may make it harder to reach consensus.

7. Email meetings Email meetings are unmediated (that is, messages go directly to other participants^’ computers) and asynchronous (that is, people respond at their convenience, at different times).

Advantages: At their best, email meetings can (1) increase participation because people can respond when they wish and no scheduling is
necessary, (2) speed up meeting follow-up activities because of electronic distribution.

Disadvantages: At their worst, email meetings can (1) decrease attention to the audience and to social context and regulation; (2) be inappropriately informal; (3) consist of " quick and dirty" messages, with typos and grammatical errors, and, more importantly, lack of logical frameworks for readers—such as headings and
transitions.

Speaking to an individual

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