Ex. 13. Put special questions. Begin with the question-words in brackets.

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1. The first steel rails were made and laid in Derby in 1857. (When)

2. Tomorrow, the movement of trains on that section of the line will be stopped because of the track repair. (Why)

3. The number of passengers is usually increased in summertime. (When)

4. The first underground system was proposed by Charles Pearson in 1843. (Whom)

5. The old railway terminal will be upgraded next year. (When)

6. The Trans-Siberian Railway is divided into six railways in the Ural, Siberia, and the Far East. (How many)

7. The system of automatic ticket selling was developed in Japan. (Where)

8. This car will be coupled (прицеплять) to train No 15 going to the Far East. (What train)

9. The old London Bridge over the Thames River was constructed by monks (монахи) in 1209. (Whom)

10. In Canada and the United States, long freight trains are hauled by three, four, or even five locomotives. (How many)

Ex. 14. Put the verbs into the required tense/voice form. Translate the sentences.

1. The switch (стрелочный перевод)( to be – Present Simple Active) the mechanism, which ( to use – Present Simple Passive) to move the trains from one track to another.

2. When the Liverpool-Manchester Railway ( to build – PastSimple Passive), the railway company ( to offer – PastSimpleActive) a prize of £ 500 for the best steam train. The prize ( to win – Past Simple Passive) by G. Stephenson with his famous locomotive called the “Rocket”.

3. The distance between Boston and New York ( to be – Present Simple Active) 230 miles; it ( to take – PresentSimpleActive) the train 3 hours 15 minutes to cover it.

4. The two-speed escalators ( to install – Future Simple Passive) at the new Metro stations.

5. The first railways ( to appear – PastSimpleActive) in England and ( to use – PastSimplePassive) to carry coal.

6. Most railway stations in Great Britain ( to date – Present Simple Active) from the Victorian era and ( to locate – Present Simple Passive) on the edge of city centers.

7. Track ( to strengthen – Future Simple Passive) on this section of the railway because it ( to plan – Present Simple Passive) to increase the volume of freight traffic here.

8. The railway line between two large Japanese cities Yamagata and Akita ( to open – Past Simple Passive) for traffic in March 1997. It ( to become – PastSimpleActive) so popular that passenger services between these cities ( to increase – Past SimpleActive) by more than 50 percent.

9. Modern steam locomotives ( to operate – PresentSimple Passive) only in countries where coal ( to be – PresentSimple Active) much cheaper than oil such as in China.

10. Tomas Bouch ( to design and to construct – PastSimpleActive) the railway bridge on the Tay River in 1878. This bridge ( to speak – Past SimplePassive) about as one of the wonders of the world.

Ex. 15. Say the same, using the Passive Voice.

Model: The designerswill testthe new locomotive tomorrow.

The new locomotivewill be tested by the designers tomorrow.

1. The London Underground transports around a billion passengers a year.

2. The Cherepanovs constructed the first steam locomotive in Russia.

3. The conductor will check the tickets during the journey.

4. A dispatcher controls the movement of trains over a definite section of track.

5. Last year, Taiwan Railways bought 225 trailers and 56 motor cars.

6. The engineers will install the new equipment next week.

7. The state spends large sums of money to train skilled engineers.

8. Heavy snowstorms disorganized the movement of trains in this region.

9. At present, diesel locomotives handle about 50 % of the transportation.

10. Rudolf Diesel got his first patent for developing the internal combustion engine (двигатель внутреннего сгорания).

Ex. 16. Say the same, using the Active Voice.

Model: The heavy freight trainsare hauled by two locomotives.

Two locomotiveshaulthe heavy freight trains.

1. Two Japanese islands are connected by the long railway bridge.

2. The first electric locomotive was developed by Werner von Siemens.

3. The trains of the future will be operated by automatic drivers.

4. Before 1947, the Britain’s railways were owned by four private companies.

5. The Internet is often used by people to work at home.

6. Wood was replaced by steel as a material for constructing passenger cars.

7. The articles about high speed trains are published in each issue of the journal.

8. The renewal of signaling equipment of all the railroads will be financed by the government.

9. The passengers were invited to get on the train. (the attendant)

10. This distance is covered by train in an hour.

Ex. 17. Find grammar mistakes and correct them. The number of mistakes is pointed out in brackets.

1. When our train will start? (1)

2. Electrical equipment will be export from the France. (2)

3. There is two types bus stops about Britain – compulsory stops and request stops. (3)

4. We were inform of our train delay. (1)

5. Where did he bought the train tickets? (1)

6. The length the Great Trans-Siberian Mainline are 8, 000 km. (2)

7. Nowadays all the rail are make of steel. (2)

8. There are 3, 000 Americans who likes to collect antique cars. (1)

9. Does the railways play an important role in the transportation of freight? (1)

10. How often are trains run in our Metro? (1)

11. Werner von Siemens was constructed first experimental electric locomotive. (2)

12. What the equipment do this plant produces? (3)

13. There are twelve bridges and viaducts at these railway line. (2)

14. The profession an engineer require special training. (2)

15. How much students will works as car attendants in this summer. (3)

UNIT TWO

TRAVELING BY TRAIN

Text A

MISTAKEN IDENTITY

(after M. Twain)

Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the following words.

crowd, official, vacant, would, to whisper, conductor, to realize, politeness, grateful, couple, entirely, disposal, to touch, comfortable, to bow, above, below, to burn, whole, attitude, companion, recognize.

Ex. 2. Copy the following words and phrases and memorize their meanings.

1. to add – добавлять 2. to appear – появляться 3. to arrive in /at – прибывать в город / на станцию arrival – прибытие 4. to change – менять, изменять to change trains – делать пересадку (с поезда на поезд) 5. compartment – купе 6. to depart – отправляться departure – отправление 7. entire (= whole, total)– весь, общий целый 8. to fix – устанавливать; прикреплять 9. to get on (to board, to take) the train – заходить (садиться) в поезд 10. to get off the train – выходить из поезда 11. to improve – улучшать, усовершенствовать improvement – улучшение, усовершенствование 12. luggage rack – багажная полка 13. to notice – замечать 14. to serve – служить, обслуживать service – обслуживание, услуга; перевозки, движение 15. to try – пытаться, пробовать

Ex. 3. Read the sentences and translate them.

1. The passengers were invited to get on the train and take their seats.

2. Where can I change my traveler’s cheques into dollars?

3. The dining car was crowded but we were served rather fast.

4. If you buy train tickets in advance (заранее), 1% will be added to the price.

5. The railway is developing a major change program to improve the quality of passenger services.

6. Foreign tourists are provided by AMTRAK (“American Track” – the major passenger railroad company) with the railway tickets for 14, 21 and 60 days, which allow them to go by any train in any compartment and to change trains in any place and at any time.

7. A luggage rack is a metal frame fixed to the roof of a car and used for carrying bags, cases and other large objects.

8. Travel from Berlin to St. Petersburg by direct train. It departs from Berlin on Fridays and Sundays all year round at 15: 15 and arrives in St Petersburg (at the Vitebsky terminal) at 06: 15 two nights later.

9. One of the first things a foreigner notice about the British railways is the platforms. They are almost on a level with the floor of the carriage. This makes it easier for passengers to get on and off the car with their luggage.

10. The first double-deck buses appeared in London in 1851. At that time, the upper deck had no roof and the passengers were given raincoats to put on if it started to rain.

11. The information about the platform number and times of the train’s arrival and departure can be received in the enquiry office.

12. During the World War II, the underground stations served as air-raid shelters for thousands of Londoners.

13. When the engine driver saw the car on the track, he tried to brake but it was too late.

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