Кафедра русского и иностранных языков

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Министерство сельского хозяйства

Российской Федерации

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

“Государственный университет по землеустройству”

Кафедра русского и иностранных языков

Автор Замашкина Ольга Андреевна

Методические указания по английскому языку

для студентов I и II курсов

заочного факультета

По специальностям землеустройства и кадастров

(Контрольные задания)

Москва 2011

81.2. Англ.

Подготовлено и рекомендовано к печати кафедрой русского и иностранных языков Государственного университета по землеустройству (протокол N от )

Утверждено к изданию методической комиссией.юридического факультета (протокол N 9 от 18.07.2007г. )

Составитель: ст. преп. англ. языка Замашкина Ольга Андреевна

Рецензент: ст.препод. кафедры русского и иностранных языков Ефтина Ю.В.

Контрольные задания предназначены для студентов I и II курсов заочного факультета по специальностям землеустройства и кадастров. Включают специальные тексты для перевода на русский язык и упражнения по грамматике.

Предисловие

Данные методические указания предназначены для выполнения контрольных работ по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» на заочном факультете.

Настоящие методические указания рассчитаны на 2 курса обучения английского языка.

Вариант работы выбирается по следующему принципу: если последняя цифра шифра оканчивается на 1 или 2, то выполняется 1 вариант, если на 3 или 4 - 2 вариант, если на 5 или 6 – 3 вариант, если на 7 или 8 – 4 вариант, если на 9 или 0 – 5 вариант.

Контрольная работа по иностранному языку сдается в деканат заочного факультета в начале учебной сессии. Работа выполняется на листах формата А4 в печатном или письменном виде.

За дополнительной информацией просьба обращаться к сотрудникам кафедры русского и иностранных языков.

I курс

ВАРИАНТ I

Задание 1. Переведите данный текст письменно на русский язык.

The Land Use Planner and His Work

Land has much to do with our needs and the way we fulfil them. Many of our activities we devote to getting the basic items of food, shelter, and clothing. We need highways and automobiles, forests and railways and many other things. It is likely that if we had all that we could list, new wants would arise. And again we would be faced with the problem of how to satisfy them.

Land is necessary to satisfy man’s needs. The people’s needs can be satisfied only if we secure the best uses of land resources.

It is true that no progress in satisfaction the needs of man can be made if no labor is applied. If we want to live better we must work better. No progress can be made if labor is applied without intelligence. The land use planner is to secure wise land uses.

The land use planner must decide whether to use a tract for a home site or for crops, or whether to use a valley to produce com. He is to decide whether to use the river bottom land for growing tomatoes and cabbage. He is to be aware of the ability of land to satisfy wants when it is used for pasture or when it is used for wheat. He must know its productivity in each use. He must know many things about the land ability.

The land use planner determines which acreages to employ in each land use. He decides whether the land should be used now or later and how it must be used. He plans the living centers and the field patterns and many other services that land can supply. He must consider the best uses of the land.

The land use planner determines not only the productivity of land. He has to distinguish between the physical productivity and the economic productivity of the land. He is to know the productivity of the land itself and that of labor, capital and other resources. The general principle is: each hectare of land should be given to the use in which its economic productivity is the highest.

Задание 2. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be. Переведите предложения.

1. Land use planner … a very old profession.

2. The rights on land … the key factor that determined the economic, social and political status of people.

3. In future effective land use planning … … impossible without land information.

4. Land … necessary to satisfy man’s needs.

5. He … preparing for the exams yesterday.

6. There … vast land resources in Russia.

Задание 3. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму:

1. Lands are very important resources for man.

2. Those farmers used the river bottom land for growing tomatoes and cabbage.

3. We have unlimited land resources on our planet.

Задание 4. Образуйте степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных.

Good, important, happy, strong, careful, wet

Задание 5. Напишите прописью следующие числительные:

14, 182, 936, 2008, 78429, 3/8, 15.02

Задание 6. Заполните пропуски предлогами и переведите предложения:

1. Land use planning is a process … managing the use and development … land resources … a sustainable way.

2. The cadastre is used … record information … land rights, valuation, land use, etc.

3. We speak … land as something … which people can walk and build a house, plant a garden or grow a crop.

4. The quality … farm land may be also affected …water pollution, particulary … accumulation … heavy metals … the soils … waste disposal.

5. The population should actively participate … the process … land use planning.

Задание 7. Подберите синонимы к следующим словам.

land use planning, start, purpose, similar, need.

ВАРИАНТ II

Задание 1. Спишите и переведите текст на русский язык.

ВАРИАНТ III

Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

ВАРИАНТ IV

Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

ВАРИАНТ V

Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

II курс

ВАРИАНТ I

Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

ВАРИАНТ II

Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

Soil Erosion

Soil erosion effects food production through land degradation. The damage of wind and water erosion is estimated by hundreds of millions of roubles. Dust storms may occur in some southern land areas, recurrent drought also often results in soil erosion. The wind erosion of soils takes place in some drier sections of our country.

In wet areas the degradation of soils is linked with accelerated run-off and increased silt load of the rivers, worsened flood hazard along their lower courses and accumulation of coarse material (sand, gravel) on top of valuable soils.

The proper use of soil resources calls for measures to keep the soils from being destroyed by wind and water. The development of techniques for extending the productive life of soils and for slowing down their rate of deterioration will bring the maximum use of these soils. Much may be done by land use planners.

The land resources of a collective farm may be actually reshaped in one way or another for better farming and levelled for more efficient irrigation, terraced to hold rainfall and strip cropped to save soil and water.

Poor or workout cropland can be converted to pasture or pasture to cropland. Many hectares of good rangeland must be wrested from worthless scrub and brush, reseeded, properly grazed, well watered.

The drains improve pasture and cropland. Ponds and marshes may be developed for wild life. A farm detention dam may be built and can catch and release safely what would otherwise be run-off of flood proportion.

The planners can project tree shelterbelts and strip cropping for wind and water erosion control. These may be created singly and in combinations. Modern techniques of land management must be put into operation for the sake of land conservation and increase the opportunities of the farms.

Changes in farming, developments in machinery, rising requirements of capital investment, the wide use of fertilizers and soil conservation practices call for many skills and technically sound practices of specialists of land use planning.

Задание 2. Задайте письменно один и три специальных вопроса к тексту.

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, заполняя пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами.

1. Crops … grow well if there is not enough water in the soil.

2. You … take my book, I don’t need it.

3. The planners … know all the factors that influence land uses.

4. If he doesn’t know how to translate the phrase he … ask the teacher.

Задание 4. Переведите письменно данные предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола.

1. To get high yields we must irrigate this soil.

2. Having been translated into many languages the book became world famous.

3. I understand the importance of learning English.

4. The plant must provide the necessary equipment for the farmers to do the work in time.

5. Protecting the environment from pollution, people improve the living conditions.

Задание 5. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The will build the house in a month.

2. We ask a lot of questions at the lesson.

3. Centres fix shops, schools, churches etc.

Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык.

1. Земельные ресурсы составляют богатство нашего государства.

2. Земли для выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур должны быть достаточно плодородны.

3. Землеустроитель может дать правильные ответы на многие вопросы.

Задание 7. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам.

lose, irrespective, advantage, helpful, transportable.

ВАРИАНТ III

Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

Soil Conservation Plan

The development and application of a comprehensive soil conservation plan involve four steps.

First, from soil survey data that have been gathered on a hectare-by-hectare basis, a land capability map is prepared for the farm. The map is superimposed on an aerial photograph of the land surface.

The soil survey data to identify soil types, slope, extent of made that classifies each parcel of land as to the uses to which it may be put safely and productively and the intensity of treatment required.

From this a conservation plan is developed. It provides for the use and treatment within its need and capabilities. In developing the plan the land use planner considers various alternatives of land use and treatment. It includes what he plans to do with the soil and water and what he hopes to accomplish in conservation and use of the cultivated land, grassland, and woodland.

The third step is the application of the measures of the plan. The engineers and technicians assist in laying out the drainage and water disposal systems, irrigation systems, farm ponds, terrace systems, diversions and waterways, contouring and strip cropping.

Since the conservation program needs to be maintained, a fourth type of aid to uses comes in the form of guidance and help in keeping the conservation plan in operation.

Задание 2. Задайте письменно один и три специальных вопроса к тексту.

1. All agricultural soils … have some organic matter and some mineral matter.

2. You … go to the Agency by bus.

3. Why … he land use planners take care of air pollution?

4. You … get this book from the library.

Задание 4. Переведите письменно данные предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола.

1. In a week we shau begin to irrigate this area.

2. When speaking about the new project the lecturer showed a map.

3. Reading this book, I did not use any dictionary.

4. They consider him to become a good engineer.

5. The students developed their speaking skills through practicing their English every year.

1. He can easily translate this article.

2. They teach us Geodesy at the University.

3. People don’t use this road very often.

Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык.

1. Мы должны помнить, что земельные ресурсы не беспредельны.

2. Говоря об охране почв, необходимо прежде всего точно определить, какие мероприятия следует проводить и в каком порядке.

3. Эффективное землеустройство невозможно без информации о земле.

Задание 7. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам.

directly, private, disagreement, convenience, unknown.

ВАРИАНТ IV

Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

What is Soil Conservation?

Soil conservation is the application on the land of all necessary measures in proper combinations to build up and maintain soil productivity for efficient, abundant agricultural production on a sustained basis.

Soil conservation, therefore, means proper land uses, protecting the land against all the forms of soil deterioration. It is rebuilding eroded and depleted soils, conserving moisture for plant use. It includes proper agricultural drainage and irrigation where needed and other measures which contribute to maximum practical yields and conserve the soils for future uses – all at the same time.

With proper management, most soil resources can be used and still retain their productive capacity over long periods of time. The problem of conserving these resources is thus one of accepting practices that permit their effective use while at the same time safeguarding their productive capacity over time. Soil conservation is a matter of good land use and management.

The State Land Use Planning provides a system of using and managing land based on the capabilities of the land itself, involving the application of the best measures or practices known, and designed to result in the greatest production without damage to the land. The State Land Use Control of Land Uses has to secure the wise uses of soil resources. The land users must show care in selecting their production practices so as to secure the practicable return. They also must show comparable care in choosing and timing the conservation investments and practices which are used to build up and maintain the productivity of soils.

The State Land Use Control provides the control of all the land uses. The land users should accept practices that do not damage the soils and permit their effective use. To build up and maintain the productivity of the soils is their prime concern.

A special problem arises with soil erosion. Rapid soil destruction means irreparable loss of land at least as far as cropping is concerned. Soil conservation is directed against the destructive effects of wind and water. The land use planners should keep the soils in such shape that they would remain productive as long as possible.

Задание 2. Задайте письменно один и три специальных вопроса к тексту.

1. If you want to plant a tree you … dig the ground, loosen it and water it.

2. I … return the book to the library.

3. The planners … projekt tree shelterbelts and strip cropping for wind and water erosion control.

4. I … Find this material only yesterday.

Задание 4. Переведите письменно данные предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола.

1. The scientists worked mush to improve soil fertility.

2. Being used for different purposes, these plants are cultivated in many countries.

3. We translated the text without using a dictionary.

4. The construction of the new irrigation canal is to be finished by the end of August.

5. There are different ways of solving this problem.

1. They discussed this problem at the meeting.

2. People speak English all over the world.

3. The Circumferential route connects the various parks and open spaces streets and avenues.

Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык.

1. Землеустроитель должен знать потенциальные возможности каждого вида землепользования.

2. Существуют некоторые общие проблемы восстановления и улучшения земель.

3. Разработка землеустроительных документов связана с оценкой земли.

Задание 7. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам.

narrow, legal, subordinate, fortunately, reclaimable.

ВАРИАНТ V

Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

Министерство сельского хозяйства

Российской Федерации

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

“Государственный университет по землеустройству”

Кафедра русского и иностранных языков

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