Education in the United States

There is no federal educational standard in the USA. Schooling and educational programmes are the responsibility of each state; this is why one can find great differences in education from state to state. No uniform demands exist on education in schools or universities throughout the nation. In most states attending school is obligatory for children between six and seventeen. Secondary education institutions include elementary schools and high schools.

Higher education in the USA is not nation-wide. Colleges differ a lot from each other in scale and level of education as well as in the “quality” of diplomas given. There are private and state universities. Private education is considered more prestigious. The most famous pri­vate university is Harvard. Higher education is rather expensive in the USA.

A typical American university has two levels of education: two years of undergraduate classes and two more years of graduate classes. The undergraduate years are called the freshman and the sophomore year. During the first and the second year the students take subjects of gen­eral education: Science, Humanities, Arts. The specialization begins at the third and the fourth years, named the junior and the senior year respectively. After the fourth year at college, students get a Bachelor’s degree. Graduates may specialize further and do research. They get a Master’s Degree.

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Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык.

The British Education System. State Education in Britain

All state schools in Britain are free, and schools provide their pupils with books and equipment for their studies.

Nine million children attend 35.000 schools in Britain. Education is compulsory from 5 till 16 years. Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a preschool playgroup to prepare them for the start of compulsory education. Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11. Most children are taught together, boys and girls in the same class. At 11 most pupils go to secondary schools called comprehensives which accept a wide range of children from all backgrounds and religious and ethnic groups. Ninety per cent of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co-educational.

At 16 pupils take a national exam called " G.C.S.E." (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and then they can leave school if they wish. This is the end of compulsory education.

Some 16-year-olds continue their studies in the sixth form at school or at a sixth form college. The sixth form prepares pupils for a national exam called " A" level (advanced level) at 18. You need " A" level to enter a university. Other 16-yearolds choose to go to a college of further education to study for more practical (vocational) diplomas relating to the world of work, such as hairdressing, typing or mechanics.

Universities and colleges of higher education accept students with " A" levels from 18. Students study for a degree which takes on average three years of full-time study. Most students graduate at 21 or 22 and are given their degree at a

special graduation ceremony.

 

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The British Education System. Private Education

Seven per cent of British schoolchildren go to private schools called independent schools. There are 2.400 independent schools and they have been growing in number and popularity since the mid-1980's.

Parents pay for these schools, and fees vary from about 250 pounds a term for a private nursery to 3.000 pounds a term or more for a secondary boarding school. Most independent schools are called prep (preparatory) schools because they prepare the children for the Common Entrance Exam which they take at the age of 11. This exam is for entry into the best schools.

The most famous schools are called " public schools" and they have a long history and traditions. It is often necessary to put your child's name on a waiting list at birth to be sure he or she gets a place, children of wealthy or aristocratic

families often go to the same public school as their parents and their grandparents. Eton is the best known of these schools.

The majority of independent secondary schools, including public schools, are single-sex, although in recent years girls have been allowed to join the sixth forms of boys' schools.

Independent schools also include religious schools (Jewish, Catholic, Muslim etc.) and schools for ethnic minorities.

Questions:

1.How do they call private schools?

2. How many independent schools are there in Britain?

3. What is the fee?

4. Why are most independent schools called preparatory schools?

5.What is the Common Entrance Exam for?

6. What are the most famous schools called?

7. What are the traditions of " public schools"?

8. What school is the best known public school?

9. Are the majority of independent secondary schools single-sex?

10. What do independent schools include?

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Ответы	Баллы	Примечание
1-10		Каждый правильный ответ 1 балл

Время на выполнение работы 1 час 30 минут.

Шкала перевода баллов в отметки

Отметка	Количество баллов, необходимое для получения отметки
" 5" (отлично)	26-30
" 4" (хорошо)	21-25
" 3" (удовлетворительно)	16-20
" 2" (неудовлетворительно)	Менее 15

Ключ

1. Federal educational standard, schooling and educational programmes, elementary school, high school, the most famous, obligatory, specialization, Bachelor’s degree, Master’s Degree, freshman

2.Система образования Великобритании. Государственное образование

Во всех государственных школах в Британии обучение

бесплатное. Школы обеспечивают учащихся книгами и оборудованием для обучения.

Девять миллионов детей посещают 35 тыс. школ в Британии. Образование обязательно с пяти до шестнадцати лет. Родители могут отправить детей в ясли или в подготовительную группу, чтобы подготовить их к получению обязательного образования. Дети начинают ходить в школу

в пять лет и учатся там до одиннадцати лет. Большинство детей учатся вместе, мальчики и девочки, в одном классе. В 11 лет многие ученики идут в среднюю школу, называемую общеобразовательной, которую посещают дети

различных социальных слоев, религиозных и этнических групп. В 90% средних школ Англии, Шотландии и Уэльса обучение совместное.

В 16 лет ученики сдают экзамен для получения аттестата о среднем образовании. И после этого они могут уйти из школы, если захотят. На этом обязательное образование заканчивается.

Некоторые шестнадцатилетние продолжают обучение в шестом классе школы или в шестилетнем колледже. В шестом классе учеников готовят к государственному экзамену, называемому " А-уровень" — " продвинутый уровень". Этот экзамен сдается в 18 лет, он необходим для поступления в университет. Другие шестнадцатилетние учащиеся идут в колледж для продолжения образования и получения дипломов о профобразовании, дающих возможность работать, например, парикмахерами, машинистами, механиками.

Университеты и колледжи высшего образования принимают студентов с 18 лет, сдавших экзамен продвинутого уровня. Студенты учатся для получения ученой степени. Учеба длится в среднем три года на стационаре. Большинство студентов заканчивают университеты в 21 или 22 года. Им присуждаются степени на торжественной церемонии выпускников.

3.

1.They call them private schools.

2. There are 2.400 independent schools there.

3. Fees vary from about 250 pounds a term for a private nursery to 3.000 pounds a term or more for a secondary boarding school.

4. Most independent schools are called prep (preparatory) schools because they prepare the children for the Common Entrance Exam which they take at the age of 11.

5. This exam is for entry into the best schools.

6. The most famous schools are called " public schools"

7. It is often necessary to put your child's name on a waiting list at birth to be sure he or she gets a place, children of wealthy or aristocratic

families often go to the same public school as their parents and their grandparents. 8. Eton is the best known of these schools.

9. Yes, they are.

10. Independent schools also include religious schools (Jewish, Catholic, Muslim etc.) and schools for ethnic minorities.

 

Контрольная работа №3

Работа состоит из 3 заданий. Каждое задание оценивается в 10 баллов. Максимальное количество баллов - 30.

1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

личный листок; заявление-анкета о приеме на работу; образование и трудовой стаж; работать аккуратно; грамотно писать; предоставлять точные и подробные данные; резюме; обобщение сведений; рабочий опыт; служебные обязанности

 

1. A personal data sheet is a form that has information about you that an employer might want to see.

2. Practice printing your answers on a blank paper before you write on the form.

3.Use a dictionary to make sure that you spell correctly.

4.A completed job application provides the employer the answers to questions about your education and work experience.

5. The answers to unstated but important questions tell him about your ability to work neatly, spell correctly and provide accurate and complete data.

6.A resume is an individualized, written summary of your personal, educational and experience qualifications.

7.If you are looking for a professional, technical, administrative, or managerial job, you will need a resume.

8.A resume is like a written sales presentation.

9.An effective resume creates a favorable impression of you while

presenting your abilities and experience.

10. Make a complete and accurate record of every job you have had.

11. For each job include the dates and places you worked, your duties, and the name of your supervisor.

12.You should list your most recent job first and your first job last.

13.Try to give US equivalent for foreign terms, including job titles, university degrees, and (translations of) publications and companies.

14.Also, give specific information about foreign work experience, including cities and countries and a description of your exact duties.

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