HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUITIONS IN RUSSIA

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Nowadays there are three basic types of higher education institutions in Russia. These are Universities, Academies and Institutes.

Universities: responsible for education and research in a variety of disciplines; There are " classical" and " technical" universities with special attention paid to social sciences and humanities or fundamental and applied (engineering) sciences.

Academies: responsible for education and research. They differ from universities only in that they restrict themselves to a single discipline;

Institutes: multi-discipline oriented. They can be independent structural units, or part of a university or academy and usually specialize in one field. However pedagogical institutes are responsible for all spectra of disciplines taught at schools.

There are a lot of Private Institutions. They offer degrees in the fields such as business, culture, sociology and religion.

Famous Higher Education Institutions of Russia

1. Lomonosov Moscow State University was established by a decree of Russian Empress Elizabeth on January 25, 1755. January 25 is still celebrated as Student`s Day in Russia. In 1940 it was named after Academician Mikhail Lomonosov (1711 - 1765), an outstanding Russian scientist, who greatly contributed to the establishment of the university in Moscow. It is one of the oldest and largest Russian institutions of higher education. It also claims to have the tallest educational building in the world.

2. Saint Petersburg State University is one of the oldest, largest and most prestigious universities in Russia. Among the renowned scholars of the second half of the 19th century affiliated with the university were chemists Dmitri Mendeleev and physiologist Ivan Sechenov. It is disputed by the university administration whether Saint Petersburg State University or Moscow State University by Lomonosov is the oldest higher education institution in Russia. It has been in continuous operation since 1819, itself claims to be the successor of the university established on January 24, 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great.

3. Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) was founded on 14 October 1944. It is the diplomatic school of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. It is the oldest and the most famous (renowned) school in Russia for preparing specialists in international relations and diplomacy. Nowadays many of its current students are from families of political, economic and intellectual elites in Russia. It is also known for having one of the best teaching team in Europe, many of whom were ambassadors or ministers. MGIMO is considered one of the top four leaders-preparing institutions representing three different political systems in the world: Harvard`s John F. Kennedy School of Government and Yale Law School Y in the US, Sciences Po Paris in France, and MGIMO in Russia.

4. Moscow State Linguistic University was established in 1804. It is the largest and the oldest university in Russia that specializes in linguistics and foreign languages. Education is available on 35 languages.

5. The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia was founded in 1960. It is an educational and research institution consistently ranked by the Ministry of Education of Russia as the country's third-best university after Moscow State University and Saint Petersburg State University.

6. Moscow State Technical University n.a. N.E. Bauman (MSTU) was established in 1830 as Imperial Vocational School (Ремесленное училище, ) by a decree of Emperor Nicolas I. Bauman MSTU is one of the oldest and largest Russian technical universities offering B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in various engineering fields and applied sciences (прикладная наука)

7. Moscow State University of Railway Engineering is one of the oldest and largest higher education institutions in Moscow and the leading largest higher education institutions in the field of railway transport in Russia. It was founded at 1896 on the command of the His imperial Majesty Nicolas II.

8. Finance Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation is considered as the third best university in Russia and one of the oldest Russian universities preparing economists, financiers, bankers and financial lawyers. The history of the Finance Academy started on December 1918. In 2009 the Finance Academy celebrated 90 years of its history.

9. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy (MMA) is the oldest and the largest national medical higher educational institution in the Russian Federation. It was founded in 1758 as the faculty of medicine of Imperial Moscow University. From 1955 the Institute bears the name of Ivan M. Sechenov, the outstanding Russian scientist and physiologist. Moscow Medical Academy develops extensive scientific cooperation with medical research and training centres abroad. The I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy is rating among the best medical schools of the world. In 2008 the academy celebrated its anniversary – 250 years.

10. Moscow State Law Academy (MSLA) is the recognized leader in the Russian Federation in teaching and research in every branch of law. The Academy’s history goes back to December 1931. The Academy aims at preparing highly qualified lawyers to work in all walks of life: courts, prosecutors’ offices, law enforcement and correctional institutions, state and administrative bodies, advocacy, public notary offices as well as in consultancy and advisory services.

3. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы:

1. What opportunities does New Zealand’s education system offer for international students?

2. How is post-compulsory education regulated in New Zealand'?

3. What candidates can proceed to a doctoral degree?

Education in New Zealand

The New Zealand education system is highly regarded internationally recognized and has high academic standards. Education in New Zealand follows the three-level model which includes primary schools, followed by secondary schools (high schools) and further education at universities. New Zealand's education system offers valuable opportunities for international students and interns looking for an academic and personal challenge in an English-speaking school system that is compatible with their own. International students are invited to enroll in individual international study and work experience programmes. All international education programmes are considered " accredited" and are closely monitored by the New Zealand Government. A student can enter the New Zealand education system at any level. They can choose from eight state universities, five colleges of education, twenty-five state polytechnics and institutions of technology, four- hundred secondary schools and more than one-hundred private providers. New Zealand experts offer free education advice, assistance in enrollment and provide a range of support services for overseas

visitors wishing to study or work in New Zealand.

Post-compulsory education is regulated within the New Zealand Qualifications Framework, a unified system of national qualifications in schools, vocational education and training. Typically, a Bachelor degree will take three years, and a further year of study will lead to an Honours degree. A bachelor's degree may be followed by a Master's degree. A candidate who does not hold an Honours degree may be awarded a Master's degree with honours: such a degree usually involves two years of study, compared to one year for a Master's degree for a candidate who does have an Honours degree. A candidate who has either a Master's degree or a bachelor's degree with Honours may proceed to a doctoral degree. Entry to most universities was previously " open", that is to say that one only needed to meet the minimum requirements in the school-leaving examinations. However, most courses at New Zealand universities now have selective admissions, where candidates have to fulfill additional requirements through their qualifications.

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