F) Have you tried any of these ways to improve your study habits? Which ones? What help you learn the most in class?

IV. a) Read the passage to have a general understanding and get ready to explain what “Educating yourself for the future” means.

 

Educating Yourself for the Future

§1 In the past, Americans have been led to believe that a college education assures them of a good job. (1) … rapidly changing occupational and social conditions, (2) …, there is no longer any guarantee of the future value of a college degree. Ten or twenty years ago, college graduates could pick and choose from a variety of careers, but today’s college graduates have much more competition for higher-status career openings.

§2 The situation is not so bleak as it might seem, however. Unemployment among college graduates is significantly lower than among high school graduates.

§ 3 (3)… a college degree still has considerable value, one thing is clear – college graduates must take a more aggressive approach to educating themselves for the future. There are several ways to do this. (4)…, instead of viewing college as the end of your educational experience, you should view it as a basis for experimenting with future educational possibilities.

§ 4 “For education the lesson is clear: its prime objective must be to increase the individual’s ‘cope-ability’ - the speed and economy with which he can adapt to continual change… It is no longer sufficient for Johnny to understand the past. It is not even enough for him to understand the present, (5)… the here-and-now environment will soon vanish. Johnny must learn to anticipate the directions and rate of change. He must, (6) … technically, learn to make repeated, probabilistic, increasingly long-range assumptions about the future”. (Alvin Toffler, 1970: 403)

§5 Educating yourself for the future also means being prepared to enter an occupation for which college has not specifically trained you. One study of college graduates found that most liberal arts majors – English, psychology, art, sociology, history – who are now employed as managers are generally quite satisfied with their jobs. You must also be willing to retrain and to enter an entirely new occupation, such as moving from a bank teller to a computer operator or computer programmer.

§ 6 (7)…, pre-career experimentation is advisable. Sometimes people find a job in their chosen work setting other than the one they are trained for to be more interesting. The best time to find out which position you’d actually prefer, however, is before you invest two or three years getting specialized skills. Volunteering your time in a work situation similar to the one you think you’d like would be helpful. (8)… perhaps you could obtain a summer or part-time job doing this type of work.

§ 7 (9)…, educating yourself for the future should also include the nonworking side of life. As formal schooling has increasingly become linked to employment, people have come to believe that educational activity not directly associated with their future careers is a waste of time. But current trends suggest that you should pursue hobbies and other interests that are not directly related to your career. (10)…, people in modern societies are spending fewer hours on the job. (11)…, many people retire at an earlier age than their grandparents or parents. Finally, careers have become so specialized that people may develop only a narrow part of their abilities and interests. (12)…, it would be wise for you to begin developing aspects of your personality that are not related to the type of work you expect to be doing while you are at school. Many high schools, colleges, and universities sponsor noncredit courses and seminars in personal development, photography, art, literature, alternative lifestyles, and the like for those no longer in school. Use these offerings as a means for pursuing longstanding interests or for developing new ones.

b) Read the words in the box. Translate them. Read through the passage again and then choose from the box the best word or expression to fill each of the spaces.

 

A. For these reasons B. to put it C. Finally

D. Due to E. Although F. Second

G. However H. For one thing I. Also

J. First K. For L. Or

c) Find English equivalents in the passage

1. постоянные изменения

2. предвосхитить направления и скорость изменений

3. досуг

4. социальные условия

5. выпускники вузов

6. образовательный опыт

7. потеря времени

8. первичная цель

 

d) Discuss in pairs: What difference does education make in the life of an individual?

e) Translate §§1, 7 in written form. Work with a dictionary.

UNIT 2. SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Start-up

 

I. Tongue twisters to be remembered:

 

II. a) Give appropriate translation to the proverbs and remember them:

 

 

b)* Make up a small proverbs-based dialogue.

 

Lead-in

I. a) Study the list of words and word combinations and give their Russian equivalents

Degrees

Degree(to receive / get / earn / obtain a ~ confer a ~ )	a qualification awarded by a university or college following successful completion of a course of study or period of research, or a similar qualification granted as an honor
Bachelor’s degree bachelor's degree / BA = Bachelor of Arts / BSc= Bachelor of Science	a degree awarded on the successful completion of an undergraduate course at a college or university
Master’s degree master's degree / MA = Master of Arts / MSc = Master of Science / MPhil = Master of Philosophy	a college degree, usually awarded after one or two years of postgraduate study/" master's" degree (which involves one to two years of postgraduate study) or a doctoral degree (which involves two to four years of study and other requirements).
Doctoral degree doctor's degree / PhD = Doctor of Philosophy	the highest level of university degree that can be studied for, awarded to somebody who has successfully completed a lengthy piece of original research.
Associate degree	a degree earned on completion of a two-year program of study at a community college, technical school, or other institution of higher education

Students

Undergraduate	student at a college or University who has not taken a first and esp. a bachelor’s degree
Graduate/post graduate students	a student holding the first University degree who is engaged in studies beyond Bachelor’s degree.
Candidate	somebody who sits for an exam, especially somebody who is scheduled to receive a degree upon passing exams

University Premises

University or college campus	an area of land that contains the main buildings and grounds of a university or college, or one of the sites on which such buildings are located
Residence hall (hall of residence, dormitory)	a building used as living and sleeping quarters by college students

Subjects

Compulsory subjects	subjects required by law or an authority
Optional subjects	subject left to individual choice
Major/minor

 

Schools

Professional school	higher-educational institutions that provide preparation in such fields as law, theology, medicine, business, music, and art.
Graduate school / Higher-educational institution / postsecondary institution	an institution of postsecondary education provided after the completion of secondary education, usually affording, at the end of a course of study, a named degree, diploma, or certificate of higher studies.
Postgraduate studies/course	a university or university division for advanced students who have obtained a bachelor’s degree

 

Marks/Grades/Credits

Mark / grade Passing mark	a mark or rating given for work in school or college, usually using the descending scale of A, B, C, D, and F
Credit	a) a unit of study, often equivalent to an hour of class time, in a course of higher education b) official recognition that a student has satisfactorily completed a course of study
ETCS	European Credit Transfer System

Courses

Correspondence course	an educational course in which the teaching organization sends lessons and tests to students by mail and students return completed work in the same way
‘honours’ course	A course leading to an honours degree in one or, at the most, two subjects

Other Words or Expressions

To eliminate	to remove or get rid of completely
Turning point	a particular time or incident that marks the beginning of a completely new, and usually better, stage in somebody’s life or in the development of something
Tuition	a sum charged for instruction at a school or university
Curriculum Pl. Curricula	the subjects taught at an educational institution, or the elements taught in a particular subject
Supervision	the act of watching over a particular activity or task being carried out by other people and ensure that it is carried out correctly
Tutorial	a teaching session spent individually or in a small group under the direction of a tutor
Peer	somebody who is equal to another person or to other people in some respect such as age or social class
Counterpart	somebody who or something that has very similar characteristics to another person or thing, or plays a very similar part in a different system or organization
Extracurricular activities	activities done or happening outside the normal curriculum of a school, college, or university
Entrance requirements	requirements one needs to fulfill in order to enter an institution.
To admit Admission	to allow somebody or something entrance or access
Course transcript	an official document showing the educational work of a student in a school or college
Rigorous	careful and thorough
To secure	to obtain something, especially after using considerable effort to persuade somebody to grant or allow it
To assess	to examine something in order to judge or evaluate it
standing	somebody’s reputation or position, for example, in society or business

 

b) Look through the chart describing the postsecondary education in most countries. What does ETCS abbreviation mean? Does this chart correspond with the degree structure in Russia? What do you know about the academic degrees in Russia?

II. a) Read the passages about systems of higher education in different countries. Get ready to compare them.

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