UK consumption of plastics by type

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1)	1	%	footwear
2)	______	%	____________________________________
3)	______	%	____________________________________
4)	______	%	____________________________________
5)	______	%	____________________________________
6)	______	%	____________________________________
7)	______	%	____________________________________
8)	______	%	____________________________________
9)	______	%	____________________________________
10)	______	%	____________________________________
11)	______	%	____________________________________

b) Listen again. Which cliché s does the speaker use to explain the pie-chart?

V. a) Read the interview and answer the questions:

1. What numbers are mentioned by the speaker?

2. What visual aid does the speaker use to illustrate his findings?

3. What cliché s does he use while speaking?

Interviewer: Many scientists advise us to get out of our cars if we want to help reduce global warming. Could you explain us the situation in the U.S.?

Reporter: Take a look atthis table. Here you can see the rising environmental cost of driving alone in the U.S. The first line shows that transportation accounts for more than 30 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions. The next two lines give us figures according to the American Public Transportation Association. As you can see, public transportation saves approximately 1.4 billion gallons of gasoline and about 1.5 million tons of carbon dioxide annually. And the last line explains that 88 percent of all trips in the United States are made by car – and many of those cars carry only one person! I'd like you to focus your attention to the fact that only 14 million Americans use public transportation daily. I think the conclusion to be drawn from this table is clear to us.

Interviewer: And how can public transportation help us to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

Reporter: Please look at this chart. It represents some benefits of public transportation. I’d like to point out some interesting details. If one in ten Americans used public transportation daily, U.S. reliance on foreign oil would decrease 40 %. Riding a train is 79 times safer than riding in an automobile. People who use public transportation regularly tend to be 50 % healthier than people who don’t. And finally, families that use public transportation can reduce their household expenses by $6, 200 annually.

Interviewer: That’s interesting. But which mode of transport is most efficient?

Reporter: Take a look at this slide. This picture gives us some information about public transportation system in the U.S. Train systems are the most efficient in many ways, typically emitting less carbon and using less fuel per passenger than buses, but they are often more expensive to implement. Also, the traditional advantages of trains can be mitigated to a large extent by using hybrids or buses that run on natural gas. Another promising alternative is bus rapid transit, which runs extra-long buses in dedicated lanes. I'm sure the results of my presentation are obvious. If you live in an area with good public transportation, do something good for the planet today. Park your car, and take the subway or the bus.

b) Work in pairs. Read the interview again and draw visuals illustrating the interviewer’s findings. Compare the results of your work with the rest of your group.

c) Study the graph. Read the description and fill in the gaps:

Trends in GDP & Air Cargo growth rates

(1) _____________________. (2) _____________________ trends in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and Air Cargo growth rates.

(3) __________________________________the rates of GDP, domestic cargo and international freight respectively.

(4) __________________________________. (5) _____________________, the slowdown in cargo seems to be preceding the slowdown of the economic growth. That is why air cargo sector is known to be the barometer of the economic health of a country.

(6) ______________________________ India’s GDP at constant prices has almost quadrupled in the last two decades. (7) _________________________ of 5.6% in the 1990s (8) _________________________ of 7.7% in the first decade of 2000, the growth journey has excited many investors both in India and abroad. The latter part of 2000s particularly in the period 2008-09 to 2010-11 recorded (9) ________________ of 8.3%.

(10) ________________ in 2011-12 is expected to be temporary as the fundamentals of Indian economy are evaluated to be strong with high investment rate of 36% and growing domestic demand. Analysts forecast the Indian GDP to be growing at 7.5% in 2012 and at 8.1% subsequently till 2016.

a. If you look at the lines more closely, you'll notice that

b. The graph shows

c. Let’s now look at the next slide

d. I'd like you to focus your attention on the significance of these figures here.

e. The current slowdown

f. As you can see,

g. From a slower average annual growth rate …

h. to a moderately faster average annual growth rate…

i. The blue, red and green lines on the graph indicate

j. an average annual growth

VI. a) Complete the pie chart with information relevant to your project theme. Write a short description (to speak for about 1 minute): some useful words and expressions may help (see also Appendix 7).

Notes ………………………………………………..

Useful words and expressions that may help:

just over	about / around	in the region of	just under
approximately	getting on for	well over	roughly
just short of	well under	more or less	nowhere near
The pie chart shows	It provides information about	The chart indicates	This might reflect some
During the time	Account for	Over the period	In 2013

b) Evaluate your description. Answer the questions on the checklist below (write YES or NO). Exchange with a partner. Write YES or NO on your partner’s checklist. Use the answers on the checklist to help you to rewrite your description .

Evaluation form

(visuals)

Question	My check	My partner’s check
1. Is the visual interesting and simple enough to explain in 1 minute?
2. Is the visual too complex for a general audience to understand?
3. Is the description of the visual well-organised?
4. Are the transition words and cliché s used?

Unit 3. Presenting a project

Start-up

I. Tongue twisters to be remembered:

c) Listen:

d) Give appropriate translation to the sayings and remember them:

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