Perfect Tenses Active and Passive

Времена группы Perfect обозначают действие, законченное к определенному моменту в прошлом, настоящем и будущем. На русский язык переводятся глаголами совершенного вида (прочитал, пришел, спел и др.).

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Have + Participle II He has already seen this film. – Он уже видел этот фильм.	Have + been + Participle II The text had been translated by 12 o’clock. – Текст был переведен к 12 часам.

 

Для выполнения контрольного задания № 1 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Имя существительное. Множественное число. Артикли и предлоги. Выражение падежных отношений. Существительное в функции определения.

2. Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения. Конструкция типа the more… the less.

3. Числительные.

4. Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные.

5. Времена группы Indefinite, Active Voice. Спряжение глагола to be.

6. Простое распространенное предложение.

7. Словообразование.

8. Видовременные формы глагола: активный и пассивный залог времен Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

 

Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений:

Образец выполнения упражнения № 1

My brother^’s sons are students. – Сыновья моего брата – студенты.

Brother^’s – притяжательный падеж имени существительного;

sons, students – множественное число существительного.

 

Образец выполнения упражнения № 2

The Queen is the State Head. – Главой государства является королева

Образец выполнения упражнения № 3

This room is smaller than that one. – Эта комната меньше, чем та.

Smaller – сравнительная степень от прилагательного small.

Образец выполнения упражнения № 4

No park in London is as popular as Hyde park – Никакой парк Лондона не популярен так, как Гайд-парк.

No – отрицательное местоимение.

Образец выполнения упражнения № 5

In a few days she will leave for Moscow – Через несколько дней она уедет в Москву.

Will leave – Future Indefinite Active от неправильного глагола «to leave».

Образец выполнения упражнения № 6

1) Today scientists are still looking for the substance as a source of energy. – Сегодня ученые все еще ищут вещество в качестве источника энергии.

Are looking – Present Continuous Active.

2) The intensity of this process is influenced by many factors. – На интенсивность этого процесса влияют много факторов.

Is influenced – Present Indefinite Passive.

Вариант I

1. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа имени существительного;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения № 1)

 

1. The UK consists of four countries.

2. The UK is one of the world^’s smallest countries.

3. The foundation of London dates back to AD 50.

4. The Great Britain exports a great variety of goods.

5. Last month my friend read a very interesting book on London's history

6. The inhabitants of London are fond of their city

 

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения № 2).

1. The Queen is the State Head.

2. Volgograd is now a five-sea port.

3. The election campaign in Great Britain lasts about 3 weeks.

4. The students of our group will go to the State History Museum tomorrow.

5. This is the building of the Tallinn City Soviet.

6. Teams of figure skaters and ice-hockey players undergo intensive training at the Sports Centre.

3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных (см. образец выполнения № 3).

 

1. The more often you visit London, the more you admire it.

2. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.

3. They will make many more important discoveries in the near future.

4. Hyde Park is one of the most favorite parks of the Londoners.

5. The more I thought of that plan, the less I liked it.

6. Your translation is better than mine.

4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений (см. образец выполнения № 4).

1. There are some educational institutions in London.

2. Are there any hotels in this town?

3. Any exhibit in this museum is valuable.

4. Some 350 people attend a yachting school in London.

5. Does he know any foreign language?

6. Any exhibit of this museum is valuable.

5. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Определите в них видовременные формы глагола и укажите их инфинитив (см. образец выполнения № 5).

1. The rivers in Great Britain are not very long.

2. The Tower of London was a fortress and a royal residence.

3. In two years my brother will become a doctor.

4. One of London museums functions for more than 550 years.

5. This engineer first came to our pant three years ago.

6. The scientific conference took place at our Academy last year.

6. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог (см. образец выполнения № 6).

1. Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations.

2. Every day students usually have seven periods which last 50–55, sometimes 45 minutes.

3. The students have spent a lot to time participating in various activities.

4. The text was being translated all the evening yesterday.

5. The problems that Russians are facing now are of great interest to the whole world.

6. Renewable energy in Russia mainly consists of hydroelectric energy.

7. The abundance of fossil fuels in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation has resulted in little development of the renewable energy sector.

8. Roughly 68% of Russia's electricity is generated from thermal power and 16% from nuclear power.

9. Today scientists are still looking for the substance as a source of energy.

10. Russia is one of the world's largest producers of energy, most of which it obtains from oil, natural gas and coal.

 

Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.

Пояснения к тексту:

energy efficiency эффективность использования

энергии

sustainable development устойчивое развитие

renewable energy возобновляемая или регенеративная

энергия

geothermal energy геотермальная энергия

thermal power тепловая мощность (энергосистемы)

fossil fuel ископаемое топливо

THE ENERGY POLICY OF RUSSIA

1) The Energy policy of Russia is contained in the Energy Strategy document, which sets out policy for the period up to 2020. This document outlines several main priorities: an increase in energy efficiency, reducing impact on the environment, sustainable development, energy development and technological development, as well as improved effectiveness and competitiveness.

2) Russia, one of the world's two energy superpowers, is rich in natural energy resources. It has the largest known natural gas reserves of any state on earth, along with the second largest coal reserves, and the eighth largest oil reserves. Russia is the world's fourth largest electricity producer after the USA, China, and Japan.

3) Russia exports 70% of oil produced, about 7 million barrels a day (2010), the largest net oil export of any country, as well as a major supply to the European Union. The entire Middle East, in comparison, exports 20 million barrels daily.

4) Renewable energy in Russia is largely undeveloped although there is considerable potential for renewable energy use. Geothermal energy, which is used for heating and electricity production in some regions of the Northern Caucasus and the Far East, is the most developed renewable energy source in Russia.

5) Renewable energy in Russia mainly consists of hydroelectric energy. The country is the fifth largest producer of renewable energy in the world, although it is 56th when hydroelectric energy is not taken into account.

6) Only 179 TWh of Russia's energy production comes from renewable energy sources, out of a total economically feasible potential of 1823 TWh. Only 16% of Russia's electricity is generated from hydropower, and less than 1% is generated from all other renewable energy sources combined. The abundance of fossil fuels in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation has resulted in little development of the renewable energy sector.

7) There are currently plans to expand the share of renewable energy in Russia's energy output. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has called for renewable energy to have a larger share of Russia's energy output, and has taken steps to promote the development of renewable energy.

8. Прочитайте 6-й и 7-й абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1) How much energy does Russia produce from renewable energy sources?

2) Why is the renewable energy sector in Russia undeveloped?

3) What has the Russian President called for?

Вариант II

1. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа имени существительного;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения № 1).

 

1. The surface of the British Isles varies very much.

2. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks here.

3. London in one of the world^’s largest cities.

4. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242000 square kilometers.

5. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the South.

6. The Nelson’s Column stands in the middle of Trafalgar Square.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения № 2).

1. This power-station equipment is quite new.

2. Britain is famous for motorcar racing, dog-racing, boat-racing, and even donkey-racing.

3. He passed his graduation exams with excellent marks.

4. This laboratory is a young people work place.

5. The scientists developed new synthetic rubber products.

6. We have a large State Library in our city.

3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных (см. образец выполнения № 3).

1. London is the largest city in Europe.

2. The more you travel, the better you know your country.

3. In Great Britain winter is warmer and summer is cooler than in Europe.

4. One of the most famous buildings in England is St. Paul’s Cathedral.

5. This room is smaller than that one.

6. The longer is the night, the shorter is the day.

4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений (см. образец выполнения № 4).

1. Some 58 million people live in the UK.

2. Have you any relatives abroad?

3. Any student in our group can speak good English.

4. At some of the London Underground stations there are lifts, others have escalators.

5. Any student of our group can speak on the history of London.

6. No park in London is as popular as Hyde Park.

5. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Определите в них видовременные формы глагола и укажите их инфинитив (см. образец выполнения № 5)

1. Every monument and every building in London has a history of its own.

2. The Tower of London was one of the first castles built after the Norman invasion.

3. Our train will arrive at 5 o^’clock.

4. This student first came to Moscow in 1998.

5. The Port of London is to the east of the City.

6. In a few days she will leave for Cardiff.

6. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог (см. образец выполнения № 6).

1. Ford was nominated for the office of U.S. senator from Michigan in 1918.

2. The climate of this country varies greatly.

3. Newton had established his law of gravitation before 1670.

4. In the period from 1937 to 1941 the Ford Company was producing a lot of automobiles in the Detroit area.

5. Next week, leaders of the world's largest economies will meet in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

6. Most new jobs in the United States are created by small businesses.

7. Thousands of new products are being presented at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.

8. Small businesses were hit hard by the recession and problems in getting loans.

9. More companies are using 3-D printing to directly manufacture some products.

10. The Committee on Banking Supervision has been working on a set of recommendations.

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