Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Пояснения к тексту:

renewable energy возобновляемая или регенеративная

энергия

energy-efficient энергосберегающий, с низким

энергопотреблением

recycling 1) переработка отходов

(для повторного использования);

2) сбор вторичного сырья

hybrid car легковой автомобиль с гибридным

приводом

 

The Russian energy industry

1) Russia is one of the world's largest producers of energy, most of which it obtains from oil, natural gas and coal. The country's focus on those resources for production and export, which constitute 80% of foreign trade earnings, means it has paid little attention to renewable energy. Out of the 203 GW of electric generation capacity that Russia has, 44 GW comes from hydroelectricity, 307 MW from geothermal, 15 MW from wind and negligible amounts from other renewable sources.

2) President Dmitry Medvedev announced in May 2010 that the Russian government would strongly consider purchasing electricity generated from renewable energy sources in an attempt to encourage development of renewable energy. The government has plans for 4.5% of Russia's energy output to come from non-hydroelectric renewable energy sources. Additionally, in November 2010, the government approved a US$300 billion program to make factories and buildings more energy efficient; it also announced plans to construct eight energy-efficient lamp production plants, promote recycling and support the construction of a hybrid car plant.

3) At the moment, renewable energy development is slowed by low investment, economic instability, low public demand and low tariffs on heat and electricity.

4) Hydropower is the most used form of renewable energy in Russia, and there is large potential in Russia for more use of hydropower. Russia has 102 hydropower plants with capacities of over 100 MW, making it fifth in the world for hydropower production. Russia is home to 9% of the world's hydro resources, mostly in Siberia and the country's Far East.

5) RusHydro is the largest hydroelectric company in Russia and the second largest hydroelectric producer in the world. In October 2010, China Yangtze Power, the largest hydropower corporation in China, and Euro-SibEnergo, a Russian energy company, signed a cooperation agreement to expand hydroelectric energy production in Russia and export energy to China's northern territories. The West Siberian Generating Company has plans to start construction of eight mini-hydroelectric power plants in the Altai region before 2015.

 

8. Прочитайте 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1) What is the main form of renewable energy in Russia?

2) How many hydropower plants are there in Russia and what is their capacity?

3) What energy companies are mentioned in the text?

4) How do the Russian energy companies contribute to energy production?

 

Вариант III

 

1. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа имени существительного;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения № 1).

1. He always watches TV on Sundays.

2. The UK is known as one of the world^’s largest producers and exporters of machinery.

3. His lectures are very interesting.

4. The education in the United States gives a person many advantages.

5. These manufacturers produce high-quality computers.

6. A well-known producer of computer systems works out a new one.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения № 2).

1. The workers’ hostel is within 20 minutes^’ walk from the plant.

2. The Tower security is ensured by a military garnison.

3. The third reading in Parliament is a report stage.

4. A signal antenna picks up the picture and audio signals.

5. Submarine telephone cable systems are free from fading and interference.

6. He passed his graduation examinations with excellent marks.

3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных (см. образец выполнения № 3).

1. The House of Lords has more than 1000 members.

2. Most public schools in England are boarding schools.

3. The longer I stayed in Minsk, the more I liked it.

4. The speed of our computer is as high as that in their one.

5. The more you know about the computer, the better you can work on it.

6. Our engineers introduced one of the most efficient computer programs.

4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений (см. образец выполнения № 4).

1. Some people in Britain are very interested in races and risk money on the horse.

2. No student can translate this text without a dictionary.

3. Any state school in Britain is free.

4. Nobody in our group speaks German.

5. Some friends of mine live abroad.

6. Any student of our group can speak English fluently.

5. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Определите в них видовременные формы глагола и укажите их инфинитив (см. образец выполнения № 5).

1. The second reading in Parliament involves debate on the principles of the bill.

2. Westminster Abbey was a monastery for a long time.

3. They will be glad to see us again.

4. The dean of our faculty spoke at the meeting of our Institute.

5. The Institute provides students with methodical instructions on all subjects.

6. In his free time he studies English.

6. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог (см. образец выполнения № 6).

1. USA occupies the southern part of North America.

2. The corner stone of the Capitol was laid by George Washington in 1753.

3. I have been invited to visit their house.

4. The problem was being discussed when I joined my colleagues.

5. The food is sold at local markets.

6. I suspect that I have been followed and watched in London for the last three or four days.

7. The goods are being sent by air.

8. Russian chemical science is successfully solving many complex problems.

9. Radio astronomy has given mankind efficient means for penetration into space.

10. Heat energy is transmitted in two different ways.

Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.

Пояснения к тексту:

natural gas reserves запасы нефтяного газа

fast neutron reactor реактор на быстрых нейтронах

 

Primary energy sources

1) Russia is rich in energy resources. In recent years, Russia has frequently been described in the media as an energy superpower. The country has the world's largest natural gas reserves, the 8th largest oil reserves, and the second largest coal reserves. Russia is the world's leading natural gas exporter and leading natural gas producer, while also the largest oil exporter and producer, though Russia used to interchange the latter status with Saudi Arabia until 2008. On 1 January 2011, Russia said it had begun scheduled oil shipments to China, with the plan to increase the rate up to 300, 000 barrels per day in 2011.

2) Russia is the 3rd largest electricity producer in the world and the 5th largest renewable energy producer, the latter due to the well-developed hydroelectricity production in the country. Large cascades of hydropower plants are built in European Russia along big rivers like Volga. The Asian part of Russia also features a number of major hydropower stations, however the gigantic hydroelectric potential of Siberia and the Russian Far East largely remains unexploited.

3) Russia was the first country to develop civilian nuclear power and to construct the world's first nuclear power plant. Obninsk Nuclear Power Station was built in the «Science City» of Obninsk, about 110 km southwest of Moscow.

4) Currently the country is the 4th largest nuclear energy producer, with all nuclear power in Russia being managed by Rosatom State Corporation. The sector is rapidly developing, with an aim of increasing the total share of nuclear energy from current 16.9% to 23% by 2020. The Russian government plans to allocate 127 billion rubles ($5.42 billion) to a federal program dedicated to the next generation of nuclear energy technology. About 1 trillion rubles ($42.7 billion) is to be allocated from the federal budget to nuclear power and industry development before 2015.

5) Russia is moving steadily forward with plans for much expanded role of nuclear energy, nearly doubling output by 2020. Exports of nuclear goods and services are a major Russian policy and economic objective. Russia is a world leader in fast neutron reactor technology.

8. Прочитайте 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1) What are the objectives of nuclear power development in Russia?

2) What are the plans of Russia in the field of nuclear energy production?

3) What place does Russia take as nuclear energy producer?

Вариант IV

1. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа имени существительного;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения № 1).

1. Session of the British Parliament usually begins early in November.

2. The Westminster Abbey is also known for its Poet^’s Corner.

3. One of the greatest treasures of the Abbey is the oaken Coronation Chair made in 1300.

4. The production of this device requires a lot of engineer's work.

5. Some students choose the oilman’s profession.

6. The professions of teacher and doctor are very important.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения № 2).

1. St. Paul^’s Cathedral is the largest protestant church in England.

2. A fine armour collection is exhibited in the Crown Jewels.

3. There are many football grounds in our city.

4. The bus stop is not far from here.

5. Several Moscow University physicists work at this problem.

6. There are only daylight lamps in this room.

3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных (см. образец выполнения № 3).

1. The game which attracts the greatest attention in England is football, or soccer.

2. The more you practice English, the better you know it.

3. This text is not so difficult for translation as the previous one.

4. He often spends more money than he earns.

5. The more he studies the problem, the more he likes it.

6. Your translation is better than mine.

4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений (см. образец выполнения № 4).

1. There are some 200 museums in London.

2. Has anybody seen this movie?

3. There was nothing to eat at home.

4. I got the book without any difficulty.

5. I don’t know about it, ask somebody else.

6. There is no uniform school organization or curriculum in the USA.

5. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Определите в них видовременные формы глагола и укажите их инфинитив (см. образец выполнения № 5).

1. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain.

2. The dean will receive you on Monday.

3. The Great Fire destroyed many Saxon and Norman churches.

4. In 1980 the best sportsman from five continents met in Moscow.

5. Practical work is an essential part of University education.

6. A group of foreign students will arrive at our city in five days.

6. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог (см. образец выполнения № 6).

1. The experiment had been completed by the end of last month.

2. What are you looking at?

3. There are two main political parties in the USA.

4. Teenagers study at high school four years.

5. Agriculture of the USA is highly developed.

6. High-quality computers are being produced by this American company.

7. English is spoken in many countries.

8. My friend has mastered two foreign languages.

9. When I entered the room the secretary was speaking to somebody on telephone.

10. She announced to the workers that the experiment was dangerous.

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