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Грамматические комментарии к выполнению
контрольного задания № 3
Упражнение № 1 Сложные формы инфинитива
Упражнение № 2 Объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты 1) объектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Object) – состоит из существительного (или местоимения в объектном падеже) + инфинитив с частицей «to»: I know him to study English. – Я знаю, что он изучает английский. После следующих глаголов инфинитив употребляется без «to»: see, hear, feel, watch, notice, make. На русский язык данный оборот переводится придаточным дополнительным: I watched her sing at the concert. – Я видел, как она поет на концерте. 2) субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject) – состоит из существительного (или местоимения в именительном падеже) + инфинитив с частицей «to»: The delegation is said to arrive on Monday. – Говорят, что делегация приедет в понедельник. He proved to be a good specialist. – Он оказался хорошим специалистом.
Упражнение № 3 Условные предложения I тип – реальные (относятся к Present, Past, Future): If it does not rain tomorrow we shall go to the country. – Если завтра не будет дождя, мы поедем за город. II тип – маловероятные или нереальные (относятся к Present или Future): If the quality of the equipment were higher, the results of the experiment would be more accurate. – Если бы качество оборудования было выше, результаты эксперимента были бы точнее. III тип – нереальные (относятся только к Past – речь идет об упущенной возможности): If the geologists had used the proper instruments, the measurement would have been correct. – Если бы геологи использовали надлежащие приборы, измерения были бы правильными.
Чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику: 1. Сложные формы инфинитива (Passive Infinitive, Perfect Infinitive, Continuous Infinitive). 2. Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объектный инфинитивный оборот, субъектный инфинитивный оборот. 3. Условные предложения.
Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений: Образец выполнения упражнения № 1 1. The device to be bought must Прибор, который нужно купить, be cked beforehand. следует предварительно проверить. 2. He was happy to be working Он был счастлив, что много лет for many years with the работает со знаменитым ученым. famous scientist.
Образец выполнения упражнения № 2 1. Millions of people are recorded Зарегистрировано, что миллионы to have taken part in elections. людей приняли участие в выборах. Complex Subject – субъектный инфинитивный оборот 2. We want the new car to be Мы хотим, чтобы новый produced by February. автомобиль был выпущен к февралю. Complex Object – объектный инфинитивный оборот. Образец выполнения упражнения № 3 If this machine were installed Если бы эта машина была at the plant, labour productivity установлена на заводе, would increase considerably. производительность труда значительно увеличилась бы. Вариант I
1. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сложные формы инфинитива (см. образец выполнения № 1). 1. She wanted to be answered at once. 2. The first oil well to be drilled was in Pennsylvania. 3. He was glad to have finished his research at last. 4. I am glad to have finished the work in time. 5. He likes to be working at this problem. 6. More oil reserves are to be discovered in East Siberia.
2. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения № 2). 1. New kinds of computers are expected to perform calculations with great precision. 2. The designer expected the computer to perform over ten thousand operations every second. 3. We want this machinery to be used at our shop. 4. Under these conditions the output of the plant is likely to increase. 5. The sun and star are proved to be able to produce great quantities of energy by means of certain nuclear reactions. 6. French mathematician Pascal is known to construct the first mechanical computer. 7. For the experiment we want several electrical devices to be connected in series. 3. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие придаточные условия. Определите тип условного предложения (см. образец выполнения № 3). 1. If we had tested this material, we should have used it in our construction. 2. If oil seeps to the surface it will mostly evaporate and leave behind bitumen. 3. It would be impossible to discuss oil industry if we did not trace it to the beginning of oil itself. 4. If they manage to agree the deal may be signed in December of 2004 5. If this decision had been carried out our region would have lost the factory that supplies heating, hot and drinking water and electricity for the entire town. 6. If that is approved school representatives will provide a detailed curriculum and texts free of charge. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. OIL HISTORY Although we can trace the beginnings of oil itself to several million years ago, the oil industry is a comparatively recent development. Petroleum literally means «rock oil». It is the second most abundant liquid on Earth. Oil and also provide two-thirds of the world’s primary energy supplies. Oil and gas are also non-renewable resources and our use of them has increased so much that we have worries about how long they will last. However, improved technology in the oil and gas industry now means that each we are finding more oil in the world than we are using. First coal and now petroleum (which includes oil and gas) have played an essential role in changing our society from an agricultural to an industrial one. It is almost impossible to find any synthetic item where petroleum has not had any part in the process of its manufacture. There is evidence that humans have used petroleum products throughout history. Oil that had seeped to the surface would mostly evaporate and leave behind bitumen – the tarry component of the mixture of hydrocarbons from which it is composed. This has been used for thousands of years as a waterproofing agent, for plumbing, boat building and brick bonding. There is reference to bitumen being used as a coating for Moses` basked and Noah`s Ark being pitched inside and out with it. The American Indians collected oil for medicines. The American settles found its presence in the water supplies a contamination, but they learned to collect it to use as fuel in their lamps. Petroleum became a valuable commodity in the nineteenth century. The whaling industry was failing to provide enough whale oil to light the lamps of the world and a new source was needed. The first oil well drilled in August 1859 by Edwin Drake in Pennsylvania, starting a new era in our history.
Вариант II 1. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сложные формы инфинитива (см. образец выполнения № 1). 1. The new channel to be constructed here will be the longest in the country. 2. I am glad to have given you this book to read. 3. He did not like to be doing that work. 4. The articles to be found in this magazine will help you to solve the problem you are working at. 5. We have tested the machine to be put into service the day after tomorrow. 6. They are glad to have passed their examinations with excellent marks.
2. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения № 2). 1. We know our country to increase the output of power by erecting huge hydro-electric power-stations. 2. The plant is expected to manufacture new trucks next year. 3. The engineer is known to have made the experiment with these substances. 4. I want you to repeat this grammar rule again. 5. We know Newton's laws of motion to be based upon his own and Galileo's experiments. 6. For a long time, special paper impregnated with paraffin was considered to be the main non-conductor used for manufacturing small capacitors (конденсатор). 7. The metal to be poured into a mold for casting may contract or expand on solidifying.
3. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие придаточные условия. Определите тип условного предложения (см. образец выполнения № 3). 1. If the geologists had used the proper instruments, the measurement would have been correct. 2. If the operator’s cabin were equipped with remote control he would be able to work faster and with greater precision. 3. If I go to the theatre, I shall not finish my report. 4. If the computer's electronic memory had recorded all the operator's commands, the picture of deviations from the required parameters would have been produced. 5. If biological experiments are continued, the problem of developing the technology for growing plants in space conditions will be solved. 6. It would be impossible to protect metal from corrosion without the films. |
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