G) property h) scientific i) technologists j) unusual

 

 

When you read magazine articles about (1) ___ discoveries or technological advances, you can get a false (2) ___ of the way scientists and (3) ___ work . Of course their research solves problems or leads to the (4) ___ of new theories. But it is not all as ( 5) ___    planned as we might imagine. A lot of the (6) ___ discoveries were made by chance.

A (7) ___ might mix some substances and produce a new substance with unexpected (8___ ). Such faculty of making (9) ___ and unexpected discoveries, referred to as serendipity, is not (10) ___ in the history of science.

 

2. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

DMITRY MENDELEYEV

 

It is hard to overestimate the important (11) of Mendeleev’s achievement in the advance (12) of chemistry as a science. Before him there was little consistent (13) in the symbols and abbreviations used in chemistry, and the organization or arrange (14) of the elements. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table established an order and clear (15) that transformed the study of chemistry. Furthermore, by looking at the gaps in his table, Mendeleev was able to predict the discovery of new elements with extraordinary accurate (16).

Furthermore, Mendeleev had the confident (17) to revise the atomic weights where his scheme seemed to demand it. As the table developed, new relate (18) between the elements were revealed. The new system did not win immediate accept (19), but as the time passed the gaps left by Mendeleev for predicted elements were gradually filled which proved the great (20) of the Mendeleev System.

3. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующую форму инфинитива:

 

21. Initially the Eiffel Tower appeared (be) unsafe to some people.

22. Life on earth may (begin) about 4 billion years ago.

23. Life is known (exist) only in limited range of temperatures.

24. Periodic comets are thought (come) from the Kupier belt, a zone located just beyond Neptune.

25. Sharks must (keep) swimming in order (ensure) enough oxygen in their bloodstream.

26. An immobile shark is bound (drown).

27. Avogadro is considered (be) one of the founders of physical chemistry.

28. Becquerel is known (discover) penetrating radiation coming from uranium.

29. Carnot is upposed (found ) the science of thermodynamics

30. A new model of the atomic structure is known (develop) by Bohr.

 

 

TEST 3

(Infinitive)

1.Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из предложенного списка.

VIRTUAL REALITY

 a) applications b) average c) behind d) designed e) equipped f) explore

 g) manipulate h) movements i) potential j) transmitting

 

Virtual reality (VR) is an interface that takes you inside a world created or (1) ___ by a computer. You put on a headpiece (2) ___ with stereo-vision color monitors and a sensor that keeps track of your head (3) ___ . Turn around and you see what is (4) ___ you; put on a VR glove – as you have seen in si-fi films – and you can (5) ___ objects.

VR has (6) ___ ranging from exercise (there’s already a flying bicycle, modeled after the one in the film ET) to marketing (teenagers are invited to shop in VR malls). It also has the (7) ___ to democratize the space program. Once VR is up and running on the (8) ___ home computer, a space probe imaging, say, the canyons of Mars will be (9) ___ back, not just pictures, but entire environments that millions can (10) ___.

2. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

 

E-MAIL

There can’t be many people who are aware (11) of e-mail, even if they have never actually send one. Although there are similar (12) between e-mail and letters, there are many different (13). The first is that e-mail is delivered instant (14) so it can be a very efficient means of communication This means that e-mail is more practical for communicating over large distant (15). Another difference is that e-mail tends to be relative (16) informal. People are much more likely to use colloquial language that they consider suit (17) for a formal letter. Spelling in an e-mail message may also be not so accuracy (18) and some grammatical rules may be neglected. One explain (19) is that e-mail seems less permanent than something written on paper. Surely the future develop (20) of e-mail will have all kinds of unexpected effects on the way we communicate.

 

3. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующую форму инфинитива:

 

21. “Challenger” is known (explode) in the midair in1986 killing all seven members of the crew.

22. Edison is known (make) only one important scientific discovery- the Edison effect.

23. The moon is known (be) mainly responsible for the tides on the Earth.

24. The atom is frequently said (be) a sort of miniature solar system.

25. People seem (think) the Eiffel Tower was the only work of this engineering innovator.

26. The latitude of Greenwich meridian is known (determine) by John Flamsteed

27. The use of nuclear power is likely (cause) opposition.

28. The first accurate thermometer is known (invent) by Fahrenheit.

29. Newton showed Kepler’s laws (be) a consequence of the theory of universal gravitation.

30. Several theories are known (attempt) to explain how the universe came into being. 

 

 

TEST 4

(Participle)

1.Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующую неличную форму глагола:

Thermos or Dewar vessel

           It is a common theme (run 1) through the history of invention: serious scientists spent a lifetime on (dedicate 2) work, (end up 3) in the history books for (invent 4) with a peripheral but more practical device; something essential for modern (live 5). Sir James Dewar, a (know well 6) Scottish physicist and chemist, was one such case. He is known (make 7) important innovations in the field of low-temperature gases. On (conceive 8) a practical process of (liquefy 9) oxygen and hydrogen, he needed a means to store the (liquefy10) gases at very low temperatures.  (Follow 11) his discovery, Dewar came up with a device that made his name: the vacuum flask, the name Dewar vessel still (used 12) by professional chemists.

 In 1904 two German glassmakers added a metal exterior and (absorb shock 13) element between the inner and outer flasks, their product (launch 14) on the market as “Thermos” after ‘therme’, the Greek word (mean 15) hot.

 

 2. Выберите подходящее слово.

Isaac Newton

  Sir Isaac Newton, the English scientist and mathematician, was one of the most important figures of the 17^th century scientific 16_(a) revolution/ (b) evolution. One of his greatest 17_ (a) achievements/ (b) fulfillments was the discovery of the three laws of 18_(a) movements / (b) motion, which are still used today. Isaac’s first 19_(a) publishing/(b) published work was the theory of light and color. When another scientist wrote a paper

20_(a) criticising/(b) criticized this theory, Isaac flew into an uncontrollable rage. The scientist 21_ (a) responsive/(b) responsible for the criticism was Robert Hooke, one of the most 22_respected (a)/ (b) respectable scientists in the country. 23_(a) Despite/ (b) In spite Hooke’s being the head of the Royal Society, Newton 24_(a) denied/ (b)refused to speak to him for over a year.

    The fact was that Newton found 25_ (a) improbable/(b) impossible to have a calm discussion with anyone. As soon as someone said something that he 26_ (a) disagreed/(b) disliked with, he would lose his temper. For this 27_(a) purpose/ (b) reason  he lived a large part of his life 28_(a) insulated/(b)isolated from other scientists.

      Newton’s real annus mirabilisis (miraculous year) is considered 29_ (a) to be/ (b) to have been 1665 -1666, when, 30_(a)confining/ (b)confined to his county home, he started to 31_(a) lay/ (b) lie the basis for the calculus, his law of gravitation and his theory of colors. This was the most fruitful individual scientific accomplishment  32_ (a) to be repeated/ (b) repeating only by Einstein in 1905.

 

3. К высказыванию из колонки А подберите ответ из колонки В.

            A                                                                                  B

33. I’m afraid to take this exam.               A) Amazingly, I don’t feel  sleepy.       

34. Brown’s lectures are difficult to follow. B) But it is embarrassing to call so late.

35. It must be difficult to combine work and study. C) So do I. I’m afraid of failing.

36. Ann is likely to have notes on physics. D) Yes, his explanations are confusing.

37.You must be exhausted after staying up all night.  E) I am surprised that I manage to      cope.

 

4. Укажите букву, обозначающую слово или выражение, являющееся лишним в данном ряду.

38. a) addiction b) subtraction c) division d) multiplication

39. a) propose b) suppose c) offer d) suggest

40. a) in addition to b) besides c) except d) apart from

 

5. Выберите подходящую глагольную форму.

 

41. Holography, creating what appears (a) to be/ (b) to have been a three-dimensional image in a two-dimensional medium, was invented in 1947 by a Hungarian-born physicist, Denis Gabor.

42. Education has produced population able to read, but unable to distinguish what is worth (a) reading/ (b) to read.

43. Advances in technology and telecommunications have also contributed to (a) establish / (b) establishing English as a global language.

44. The discussion (a) following/ (b) followed the presentation lasted for two hours.

45. The experiments (a) preceding/ (b) preceded the discovery involved the whole laboratory staff.

46. Pauli and Heisenberg claimed (a) to have solved/ (b) solved  all the unsolved problems in elementary particle theory, reducing everything to a single equation.

47. Andre Marie Ampere, was said in early childhood (a) to memorize / (b) to have memorized all 20 volumes of the Encyclopedia edited by Didrot and d’Alembert.

48. A key feature of the scientific method is that the theorist can make a definite prediction of the value of  measurable quantity, the experimenter (a) going/ (b)gone ahead and check up it to some level of accuracy.

49.Some materials become radioactive, with their nuclei suddenly (a) breaking/ (b) broken up to give off a variety of rays.

50. A model of a phenomenon, system or process is its theoretical description (a) designing/(b) designed to aid understanding of how it works.

 

 

TEST 5

(Participle)

 

1. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующую неличную форму глагола:

                                          Dynamite and Nobel Prize

         About 1863 Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, set up a factory in order (manufacture 1) liquid nitroglycerin, but when in 1864 it blew up, (kill 2) his younger brother, Alfred decided to find safe methods for (handle 3) the substance.

  Once he happened (spill 4) some nitroglycerine liquid by mistake while (lift 5) the bottle of it from the box of fine powder (call 6) Kieselguhr. It should (explode 7), as it is very easy set off. But instead of (explode 8) it formed a paste with the powder. Nobel discovered that the mixture was still explosive, but now much safer (handle 9). He called it dynamite, from the Greek word dynamis, (mean 10) power. He went on (make 11) a fortune by (produce12) dynamite. A lifelong pacifist, he wanted his explosives (use 13) solely for peaceful purposes. He left most of his fortune (establish 14) the Nobel Foundation and this fund has been used (award 15) annual Nobel Prizes since 1901.

1. Выберите подходящее слово.

 

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein is a 16_(a) defining/(b) defined, emblematic figure for the 20-th century physics. His work 17_(a) altered/(b) alternated forever the way we view the natural world. The relativity theory wholly 18_ (a) obligated/(b) obliterated the absolutes of time and space that Newton had 19_(a) embarrassed/(b) embraced more than two centuries earlier.

     With little more to show than a 20_(a) rejected/(b) refused Ph. D. thesis, this 26-year –old clerk, who practiced physics in his spare time, declared that the 21_(a) physicians/(b) physicists of his day were out of date went on to 22_(a) prove/ (b) proving it.

      Besides special and general relativity, his work helped to 23_(a) launch/(b) lunch  quantum mechanics and statistic mechanics. Chemistry and biotechnology owe a debt to Einstein’s studies 24_ (a) supplied /(b) supplying evidence of the existence of molecules and the ways they behave. What is even more 25_(a) amazing/(b) amusing is that he published many of these insights through a series of papers 26_(a) appeared/(b) appearing during a single miraculous  year, 1905. No other 27_ (a) compatibly/(b) comparably  fruitful period for individual scientific accomplishment can be 28_(a) founded/(b) found except during 1665 and 1666, the original annus mirabilis, when Isaac Newton, 29_(a)confirmed/ (b) confined (14) to his country home, started 30_ (a) laying /(b) lying the basis for the calculus, his law of gravitation and his theory of colors. The international physics 31_ (a) community/(b) society proclaimed 2005 the World Year of Physics as a 32 _(a) contribute/(b) tribute to Einstein’s discoveries.

 

3. К высказыванию из колонки А подберите ответ из колонки В.

            A                                                                                  B

33. I am puzzled by this problem.                    A) Failing means resitting the exam.

34. I couldn’t help laughing at his jokes.  B) Sorry, I’m busy reading for the exam.  

35. I am thrilled about the test results. C) Try asking Peter. He is likely to help you.

36. An exiting film is on at the Aurora tonight.   D) Shocking, you mean.

37. The test results are rather disappointing. E) Yes, his jokes are always amusing.

 

4. Укажите букву, обозначающую слово или выражение, являющееся лишним в данном ряду.

 38. a) clearly b) obviously c) decisively  d) evidently 

 39. a) estimate b) appreciate c) evaluate     d) assess

40. a) despite b) in spite of c) on account of d) regardless of 

 

5. Выберите подходящую глагольную форму.

 41. In the early 1920s the name “television” might (a) be / (b) have been new, but the idea was not.

42. Some things in history are so familiar that we never stop (a) to ask/ (b) asking ourselves why they happened.

43. The story of the (a) falling/ (b) fallen apple may have had some foundation in truth, coming from Newton’s niece.

44. The debates (a) following/(b) followed the presentation involved everyone present.

45. The publication (a) preceding/(b) preceded by the press conference caused a lot of argument.

46. Education is an admirable thing, but from time to time it is well to remember that nothing is worth (a) knowing /(b) to know can be taught. O. Wilde.

47. Chadwick claimed (a) to have discovered / (b) discovered the neutron, a particle having a mass nearly the same as that of a proton but carrying no charge.

48. Pythagoras’s theorem is known to have been independently discovered many times by different scientists, Pythagoras probably not (a) being / (b) been among them. 

49. Disk drives will become increasingly capacious over the next decade or two, allowing (a) to put/ (b) putting the equivalent of a good-sized library into the average desktop.

50. The preference of science is to find a question that nobody knew needed (a) answering/ (b) answer and then move on, leaving technologists to turn the answer into a product.

 

TEST 6

(Infinitive Constructions)

I. Заполните пробелы данными словами : to (A), have (B) Despite (C), may (D), can (E), by (F), namely (G), cannot (H), Furthermore (I), matter (J), certainly (K), demand (L)

 

Sufficient Reason

…(1) living 250 years before the invention of the computer program, Leibniz came very close … (2) the modern idea of algorithmic information. He had all the key elements: he knew that everything can be represented … (3) binary information, he built one of the first calculating machines, and he discussed complexity and randomness. If Leibniz had put it all together, he might …(4) questioned one of the key pillars of his philosophy, …(5), the principle of sufficient reason__ that everything happens for a reason. …(6), if something is true, it must be true for a reason. That …(7) be hard to believe sometimes in the chaos and confusion of everyday life and flow of human history. But even if we… (8) always see the reason (perhaps because the chain of reasoning is long and subtle), Leibniz asserted, God …(9) see the reason. In that he agrees with ancient Greeks, who had originated the idea. Mathematicians …(10) believe in reason and in Leibniz’s principle of sufficient reason, because they always try to prove everything. No …(11) how much evidence there is for a theory, mathematicians … (12) a proof of a general case.

 

⇐ Предыдущая64656667686970717273Следующая ⇒

Поделиться: