Imperial and Metric Conversion Tables ⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 73 из 73   Imperial unit Definition Imperial equivalent Metric (SI)equivalent acre land measure 4,480 sq. yd 4,047 sq. m =0,404ha barrel unit of liquid capacity     barrel of oil   34,97 imperial gal 159l barrel of bear   36 imperial gal (UK) 163,66 l barrel of bear   31imperial gal (USA)   fathom unit of depth 6ft 1,83 m fluid ounce  (fl.oz) measure of capacity 1/16 of a pint ((USA)   foot (ft) unit of length   0,3048m furlong unit of length 220 yd 201 ,17 m gallon liquid or dry measure 4 quarts/8 pints 3,785l inch (in) unit of length 1/12 ft 2,54cm knot unit of ship’s speed nautical mile per hour 1,15 miles per hour league imp. length unit (obsolete) 3 nautical miles 5,56 km nautical mile unit of distance used in navigation   1,852 km ounce (oz) unit of mass 1/16 pound 28,35 g pint   (pt)   16 fl.oz (US) 20 fl.oz (UK) 0,473l (US) 0,568l (UK) pound (lb) unit of mass 16 ounce 0,45 kg rood unit of area ¼ acre 1,012 sq. m stone (st) unit of mass 14 lb  6,35 kg yard (yd) unit of length 3ft 0,914 m Imperial and Metric Conversion Factors
from Imperial to Metric		Multiply by		from Metric to Imperial		Multiply by
inches		25,4		millimeters		0,39
feet		0,3048		meters		3,28
yards		0,9144		meters		1,094
miles		1,609		kilometers		0,621
square inches		6,451		square centimeters		0,1550
square feet		0,0929		square meters		10764
square yards		0,836		square meters		1,196
square miles		2,589		square kilometers		0,386
acres		4046		square meters		0,0002
acres		0,405		hectares		2,469

 

Appendix 8

                                               Timeline of Physics

c.430 BC  Democritus speculates that all matter is composed of indivisible atoms.

250 Archimedes discovers the laws governing behavior of levers and floating bodies.

1000 The Arab physicist Ibn al Haytham distinguishes transmitted and reflected light, explains the workings of lenses and formulates the laws of reflection.

1590 Galileo’s On Motion and Mechanical Sciences

1621 Galileo’s Dialogue concerning the Two World Systems is banned by Church.

1638 Galileo enunciates the principlethat distance fallen increases with the square of the time elapsed.

1676 Roemer uses moons of Jupiter to measure the speed of light.

1687 Newton’s Principia make public his theory of universal gravitation.

1690 Huygens’ Treatise on Light describes his theory of light.

1704 Newton’s Optics presents his ideas on the nature and behavior of light.

1762 Black discovers latent heat and specific heat.

1798 Cavendish establishes the value of the gravitational constant.

1800 Volta generates the first electric current.

1803 Dalton proposes that matter consists of atoms

1811 Avogadro enunciates his law concerning the number of particles in a given volume of any gas.  

1820 Oested discovers electromagnetism.

1831 Faraday and Henry independently establish that a moving magnet generates an electric current.

1847 Joule and Mayer independently formulate the law of conservation of energy.

1850 Clausius enunciates the second law of thermodynamics

1851 Kelvin introduces the concept of absolute zero.

1873 Maxwell’s Electricity and Magnetism creates the science of electromagnetism.

1887 Michelson and Morley demonstrate that the speed of light is independent of the Earth’s motion.

1888 Hertz detests radio waves and measures their wavelength.  

1895 Roentgen discovers X-rays.

1897 Thomson (Joseph J.) discovers the electron.

1898 The Curies discover and name radioactivity.

1900 Planck introduces the concept of quanta: the beginning of quantum theory.

1905 Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity.

1911 Rutherford presents his planetary model of the atom.

1912 Bohr publishes his theory of the orbital behaviour of electrons.

1916 Einstein completes his general theory of relativity.

1924 De Broglie proposes a dual particle-wave character for atomic particles.

1927 Heisenberg promulgates his uncertainty principle.

1932 Chadwick discovers the neutron.

1939 Meitner publishes her paper on the splitting the uranium atom.

1942 Fermi and his team achieve controlled atomic fission.

1947  Feynman, Swinger and Tomonaga independently develop quantum electrodynamics (QED) linking the behavior of light and matter.

1964 Gell-Mann proposes that the heavier subatomic particles are composed of quarks.

1986 Muller and Bednorz discover high-temperature superconductivity.     

Appendix 9

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