Revision of the Passive Voice

1. Change the sentences from the active into the passive. Omit the agent where it can be omitted.

1. The party with the majority support in the Commons forms the government. 2. They must hold general elections at least every five years. 3. Voters have elected 650 Members of Parliament. 4. Government departments carry out policies. 5. Queen Elizabeth II succeeded to the throne in 1952. 6. The monarch summons, prorogues and dissolves Parliament. 7. They have never codified the constitutional principles, rules and practices of the United Kingdom. 8. Personal union of the Crowns linked the independent Kingdoms of England and Scotland in 1603. 9. The Northern Ireland Constitutional Act, 1973 established a new constitutional framework. 10. The British Isles don’t comprise the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. 11. The Prime-Minister consults and advises the Monarch on government business. 12. The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain presides over the House of Lords.

2. Rewrite the sentences in the passive, where possible.

A) 1. Her husband drives her to work every day. _________________________________ . 2. Someone will steal your purse if you don’t look after it. _________________________________. 3. I woke up late on Sunday morning. ____________________________________. 4. Her mother woke her up at seven o’clock. ______________________________. 5. Sue asked the waiter to bring some mineral water. ____________________________________________. 6. David asked for some help. ____________________________________________. 7. Simon is moving house next month. __________________________________. 8. Michael moved the boxes out of the way. _______________________________________________. 9. Sandra walks on the beach regularly. _____________________________________________. 10. The boys walk the dog every day. _________________________________

B) Omit the agent where possible.

1. Do they sell clothes in this shop? ________________________________. 2. Someone is cleaning our classroom. ________________________________. 3. She tapped him on the hand with her pen._______________________________________. 4. People spend a lot of money on books. ______________________________________________________. 5. Is Sue preparing a report? _____________________________________________________. 6. Who made this mess? ___________________________________________7. Grandfather is going to tell the children a story. __________________________________. 8. They will open the new advisory office soon. ____________________. 9. They made him confess to the robbery. ______________________________

10. Who broke this mug? _________________________________. 11. The teacher will mark the essays. ____________________________________________. 12. They heard him call for help. ____________________________________

3. Correct any verb forms which are impossible or inappropriate.

1. A lot of homes in the area have been being broken into by burglars. 2. As I drove south, I could see that the old road was rebuilding. 3. I suppose the letter will have been delivered by now. 4. There is nothing more annoying than been interrupted when you are speaking. 5. Jim was been given a sack from his new job. 6. Somehow without my noticing my wallet had been disappeared.

4. Both sentences in each pair have the same meaning. Complete the second sentence.

1. The crowd was slowly filling the huge stadium. The huge stadium ……………………….. by the crowd. 2. The inventor of the computer simplified the work of the accountants. Since the computer …………………. the work of the accountants ………… simplified. 3. Someone has suggested that the shop should close. It ……………… that the shop should close. 4. ‘I’d take out some travel insurance if I were you, Mr. Smith.’ Mr. Smith …………………..take out some travel insurance. 5. The waitress will bring you drinks in a moment. Your drinks …………………. in a moment. 6. Someone used a knife to open the window. This window ………….. a knife. 7. You will hear from us when we have finished dealing with your complaint. After your complaint ……………….. , you will hear from us. 8. An announcement of their engagement appeared in the local paper. Their engagement …………………… in the local paper. 9. Nobody ever heard anything of David again. Nothing ……………….. David again. 10. They paid Sheila $1,000 as a special bonus. $1,000 ……………… Sheila as a special bonus.

MODAL VERBS

Study the following information.

The verbs must, can, could, may might, will, would, shall, should and ought (to) are modal verbs. They express meanings such as obligation, necessity, certainty, ability, possibility, lack of necessity, offers, suggestions, requests, logical assumption, permission, rehabilitation, advice and criticism.

Modal verbs:

· do not take endings: –s, -ing, or -ed. E.g. She must study. 

· are followed by a bare infinitive except for ought which is followed by a to - infinitive. E.g.  He may be ill. She ought to listen to you.

· go before the subject in questions and are followed by not in negations. E.g. Can I talk to you? He couldn’t (could not) speak.

· do not usually have tenses. They can refer to the present or the future. E.g. You can call now. (present) You can call tomorrow. (future)

Must

Must expresses:

· obligation – necessity – duty: must = it is your duty to do smth / you are obliged to do smth E.g. You must stop when the traffic light is red. (= You are obliged to stop when the traffic light is red.)

· prohibition: mustn’t / can’t = it is forbidden to do smth / you are not allowed to do smth / it is against the rules / law E.g. You mustn’t / can’t park here. (= You are not allowed to park here. It is against the law.)

· strong advice: must = I strongly advise you to do smth E.g. You must behave yourself at school. (= You really should behave yourself at school, or you’ll get into trouble.)

· logical assumptions

a) positive logical assumption: must = I am sure / certain E.g. They must be the boy’s parents. (I’m sure they are the boy’s parents.)

b) for negative logical assumptions we usually use can’t. E.g. They can’t be the boy’s grandparents. (I’m sure they are not the boy’s grandparents.)

· Must can only be used to talk about the present or near future. We use have to when we need to use other tenses. E.g. He had to work late yesterday, so he didn’t go to the party.

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