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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
BLOCK 2. INSURANCE POLICYСтр 1 из 8Следующая ⇒
BLOCK 2. INSURANCE POLICY
LEAD-IN ¨ What is an insurance policy? What contract does it prove? ¨ What is the difference between a cover note and a policy? ¨ What kinds of policy do you know? ¨ Compare insurance policy and cover note (p.544-545, p.559-560). What are the main features of both? Is there any difference between them? If any, define it.
When the insurance is arranged between the underwriters (the insurers) and the suppliers (the insured), a cover note is issued to the insured by their insurance underwriters. This brief notice tells the insured that their goods are “covered” and that the insurance policy will soon be issued.
The policy is the principle document and is the instrument embodying the contract. But as the policy may cover a certain period of time, or many shipments of goods. Another document is used called the certificate. This is used for each shipment that is made, the particulars of the consignment are entered on a declaration form and the insurance agents issue the certificate to the senders on behalf of the insurers.
There are various kinds of policy, such as a “voyage” policy, which is used for one voyage only. A “time” policy is used for a period of time.
More commonly used is the “floating” policy which covers large quantities of goods for a period (often for one year). Each shipment requires a separate certificate. There is also an arrangement called “Open Cover”, where all consignments are covered by the insurer.
Marine insurance offers shippers a variety of policies to cover shipments. However, most exporters ship under an all-risk, valued policy which covers them against most eventualities and allows them compensation for loss or damage, plus ten per cent. The premium is the money paid by the insured for their policy. It is quoted as a percentage. For example, in the UK it is quoted as pence per £ 100. 75 % is 75p for £ 100 insured. FOCUS 1. INSURANCE POLICY
СТРАХОВОЕ АКЦИОНЕРНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО ИНГОССТРАХ INGOSSTRAKH INSURANCE COMPANY LTD. | |||||||||
| 113805, GSP, Moscow, Pjatnitskaja, 12. Account No. 1467444 with Avtobank, Moscow, Lesnaja Street, 41 | |||||||||
| INSURANCE POLICY No. 526288 CARGO INSURANCE | |||||||||
| | Flag AWB No.555-3181 0015 Bill of Lading No. dated 27 May 20… from Moscow, Russian airport to Jose Marti Airport destination to the first buyer’s warehouse in Havana Description of CARGO, Number of Weight packing packages | ||||||||
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Medios de Aviacion | 1 case | 35 kg | |||||||
| according to Contract No. 76-90-342 dated 23 Nov 200… L/C BFI-34526 | |||||||||
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Ingosstrakh Insurance Company Ltd. pursuant to the Transport Insurance Rules insure the GARGO mentioned in this Policy in the sum of (in figures and words) USD 10, 036.40 (ten thousand thirty six 40/100) Whereof on deck on the following conditions: | |||||||||
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Covering all risks as per Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 1/1/82 except war risks | ||||||||
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Validity period of the insurance contract (According to the Rules attached) Order of amendment and cancellation of the insurance contract (According to the Rules attached) Insurance premium as agreed Place of issue Moscow Survey Clause | |||||||||
| In the event of a claim under this policy notice shall be given immediately to Ingosstrakh or its Agents, if any at the port of arrival, previous to survey. List of Ingosstrakh Agents see back hereof. Signature of the Insured | According to the Application «27» May 20… of Aviaexport No.46200984765 | ||||||||
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Signature | ||||||||
TRANSPORT INSURANCE RULES
(abridged)
I. GENERAL STIPULATIONS.
§1. Insurance Company Ingosstrakh Limited accepts in accordance with these Rules for insurance cargoes and also anticipated profit and commission, freight and expenses connected with the carriage of the cargo…
These Rules are an integral part of insurance contract and could be modified and amplified only by mutual written agreement of the parties.
II. EXTENT OF LIABILITY.
§2. Under insurance contracts concluded in accordance with these Rules are indemnified losses arising from fortuitous accidents and perils of the carriage. The insurance contract may be concluded on the basis of one of the following conditions:
1. “All risks”. Under an insurance contract concluded on this condition are indemnified irrespective of percentage:
a) losses due to damage to or total loss of the whole or part of the cargo arising from all perils except those specified in §6 of the Rules;
b) losses, expenses and contributions allowed in general average;
c) any necessary and properly incurred expenses for the salvage of the cargo and also for minimizing the loss and ascertaining its extent, if the loss is indemnified in accordance with insurance conditions.
2. “With particular average”. Under an insurance contract concluded on this condition are indemnified:
a) losses due to damage to or total loss of the whole or part of the cargo caused by fire, lightning, storm, whirlwind and other elemental disasters, stranding or collision of vessels, aircraft and other means of transport with each other or by contact with any fixed or floating objects, grounding, collapsing of bridges, explosion, damage to the vessel by ice, wetting by sea or river water and also owing to measures taken for salvage and extinction of fire;
b) losses in consequence of the vessel or aircraft being missing;
c) losses due to damage to or total loss of the whole or part of the cargo in consequence of accidents in loading, stowage and discharge of the cargo and in taking in fuel by the vessel;
d) losses, expenses and contributions allowed in general average…
3. “Free from particular average”. Under an insurance contract concluded on this condition are indemnified:
a) losses due to damage to or total loss of the whole or part of the cargo caused by fire, lightning, storm, whirlwind and other elemental disasters, stranding or collision of vessels, aircraft and other means of transport with each other or by contact with any fixed or floating objects, grounding, collapsing of bridges, explosion, damage to the vessel by ice, wetting by sea or river water and also owing to measures taken for salvage and extinction of fire;
b) losses in consequence of the vessel or aircraft being missing;
c) losses due to damage to or total loss of the whole or part of the cargo in consequence of accidents in loading, stowage and discharge of the cargo and in taking in fuel by the vessel;
d) losses due to damage to the cargo caused by stranding or collision of vessels, aircraft and other means of transport with each other or with any fixed or floating objects, grounding, fire or explosion on shipboard, aircraft or other means of transport;
e) losses, expenses and contributions allowed in general average…
§4. During the delivery of the cargo in lighters, barges and other delivering vessels Ingosstrakh bears liability only if the use of such vessels is common according to the local conditions.
§5. Losses due to death or mortality of animals and fowls[1] or accidents to them, due to leakage and strewing of cargo, breakage of glass, porcelain, pottery, ceramics, marble and articles made thereof, bricks of every kind, millstones[2], grindstones[3], and lithographic stones[4], graphite crucibles[5], electrodes and other objects liable to breakage under insurance on the conditions specified in Items 2 and 3 of §2 of the Rules are indemnified only when such losses have arisen in consequence of the wreck of the vessel or any other means of transport.
§6. Losses arising in consequence of the following are not to be indemnified: …
malice or gross negligence of the insured or beneficiary and also consequences of infringement by any one of them of the prescribed rules of carriage, sending and storage of cargoes; …
c)
g) shortage of cargo while the outer packing is intact;
h) …
Under the insurance contracts concluded on the conditions specified in Items 2 and 3 of §2 of the Rules, are not to be indemnified losses arising from:
a) flood and earthquake;
b) sweating of the hold and wetting of cargoes by atmospheric precipitation;
c) depreciation of the cargo in consequence of contamination or damage to packing while the outer packing remains intact;
d) jettison and washing overboard of the deck cargo;
e) theft or non-delivery of cargo…
FOCUS 2. COMMENTARY AND VOCABULARY NOTES
" Стихийное бедствие" имеет в английском языке, по меньшей мере, несколько соответствий. Это " calamity", " Act of God", " Act of the Elements", “elemental disaster”, “natural disaster”. Слово " calamity" широко употребляется в разговорной речи и страховании. Однако, чаще в страховых документах встречается другой вариант - " Act of God". Это выражение традиционно для письменного языка документов, где в значительной степени сохранились и устаревшая лексика, и устаревшие грамматические формы. " Act of the Elements" аналогично выражению " Act of God". В контрактах, хотя и реже, также употребляются различные выражения аналогичные “elemental disaster” и “natural disaster”.
INSURANCE POLICY
TRANSPORT INSURANCE RULES
I. GENERAL STIPULATIONS
II. EXTENT OF LIABILITY
§2
§4
§5
§6
FOCUS 3. WRITTEN PATTERNS
| 1. | … irrespective of … | … независимо от … |
| 2. | Losses arising in consequence of the following are not to be indemnified... | Не возмещаются убытки, понесенные в следующих случаях… |
| 3. | …the prescribed rules of carriage… | …установленные правила перевозки … |
| 4. | …shortage of cargo while the outer packing is intact… | … недостача груза при целостной наружной упаковке … |
| 5. | … jettison and washing overboard of the deck cargo… | … выбрасывание груза за борт и смывания волной палубного груза … |
FOCUS 4. EXERCISES
FOCUS 5. WORKSHOP
Make up letters according to the situations:
Assignment 1
Вы пишите письмо своему агенту с просьбой застраховать товар от всех рисков, поскольку, учитывая опасности и риски, которые могут возникнуть во время перевозки, Вы хотели бы, чтобы убытки, которые могут возникнуть в пути, были бы возмещены Вашей компании в полном объеме. В частности, Вы хотели бы застраховать товары от убытков, расходов и взносов по общей аварии.
Assignment 2
Вы сообщаете Вашим партнерам, что Вы застраховали товары в «Ингосстрахе» на условиях «С ответственностью за частную аварию». Объясните, почему Вы предпочли такой вид страхования.
FOCUS 6. ROLEPLAY
Card 1. Вы обсуждаете с коллегами необходимость страхования груза (живые животные и птица; керамика и фарфор; уголь; машины и оборудование). Вы предлагаете застраховать товары на условии «С ответственностью за все риски». Вы должны привести аргументы в пользу данного условия.
Card 2. Вы обсуждаете с коллегами необходимость страхования груза (живые животные и птица; керамика и фарфор; уголь; машины и оборудование). Вы предлагаете застраховать товары на условии «С ответственностью за частную аварию». Приведите аргументы в пользу своего предложения. Объясните, почему другие предлагаемые условия не подходят или не выгодны в данном случае.
Card 3. Вы обсуждаете с коллегами необходимость страхования груза (живые животные и птица; керамика и фарфор; уголь; машины и оборудование). Вы предлагаете застраховать товары на условии «Свободно от частной аварии (Без ответственности за повреждения, кроме случаев крушения)». Приведите аргументы в пользу этого условия. Объясните, почему другие предлагаемые условия не так выгодны в данном случае.
LEAD-IN
¨ What is so specific about marine insurance?
¨ What is Lloyd’s famous for?
¨ What is the company called after?
Lloyd’s of London is by far the most important centre for marine and civil aviation insurance in the world. In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, marine insurance agents called “underwriters” met in Edward Lloyd’s coffee house in the City of London, and over the centuries their business grew and Lloyd’s is now situated in Leadenhall Street in the City of London.
Lloyd’s is not an insurance company, but an international insurance market consisting of over 260 approved insurance brokers’ firms and more than 20, 000 underwriters whose activities are controlled by Lloyd’s Council which came into being after the Lloyd’s Act 1982.
If insurance is to be effected through a Lloyd’s underwriter, the transaction has to go through a Lloyd’s broker who, working on a consignment basis, will contact one or more underwriters on behalf of his client to get a competitive rate. Underwriters finance the insurance, which means they pay the claims, and take the premiums as their fees. They usually work in syndicates, spreading the risk.
Lloyd’s publishes an important journal called “Lloyd’s List” which gives daily information about losses, casualties and sinkings at sea.
“Lloyd’s Register of Shipping” is published annually, and contains detailed information of ships including age, conditions, tonnage and other classifications.
FOCUS 4. EXERCISES
FOCUS 5. WORKSHOP
FOCUS 6. ROLEPLAY
Card 1. Вы отвечаете на вопросы об истории и деятельности «Ллойд» Используйте материалы FOCUS 1.
Card 2. Вас интересует, какие виды страхования осуществляются через «Ллойд». Вы хотите знать, какую роль играют брокеры «Ллойд» в процессе страхования. Узнайте, является ли «Ллойд» компанией или товариществом.
Card 3. Вас интересует история «Ллойд», в частности, почему эта страховая организация носит имя «Ллойдз». Вы хотите узнать, где сейчас находится офис «Ллойд», что такое синдикаты, и как они связаны с «Ллойд» Вы слышали, что у «Ллойд» есть издания, связанные со страхованием, и Вас интересует, как они называются и чему посвящены.
BLOCK 4. INSURANCE CLAUSES
LEAD-IN
¨ Do all sales contracts contain an insurance clause?
¨ What does an insurance clause cover?
FOCUS 1 [6]
I. All insurance policies required of the Contractor under this contract shall contain endorsements that the underwriters will have no rights to sue, recover, claim and/ or subrogate any loss and/ or damages of any nature for any reason against the Operator, its subsidiary and affiliated companies or their agents, directors, officers and employees.
II. The failure to secure the insurance cover and/ or to fully comply with any of the provisions of the insurance conditions of this Contract and/ or the policies and/ or to secure endorsements of the policies shall not in any way relieve the Contractor of its obligations under this Contract. In any event, where any loss, damage or injury is rejected by the insurers in whole and/ or in part for any reason and/ or if the Contractor fails to maintain the required insurance and/ or for any other reason, the insurance cover will not result in the Company receiving the sums it is owed. The Contractor agrees that it shall indemnify the Company, its subsidiaries and affiliates, agents, employees, directors, officers, vessels and insurers against all claims, demands and actions of any nature including all costs, expenses, legal fees of counsel and solicitors, investigation agencies, and any other litigation expenses and/ or liabilities which would otherwise be covered by the insurance that was agreed between the parties pursuant to this Contract.
III.[7] The Organiser agrees that it shall at its sole cost arrange insurance against the Event not taking place for any reason for the benefit of the Organiser and the Sponsor in the sum of _____ so that the cost of _____ may be recouped in such case by the Sponsor. The Organiser agrees to provide the Sponsor with validated copies of such insurance policies upon request. The Organiser agrees that he shall not do, omit or permit any act which would result in the insurance policies being declared invalid or which would result in then not being in force. The Organiser agrees to notify the Sponsor in the event of any circumstances which may arise which may result in a claim under the insurance policies and shall not settle any such claim without prior written approval of the Sponsor. Any sums paid by the insurers to the Organiser which are for the benefit of the Sponsor shall immediately be paid to the Sponsor without delay.
IV. In the event that the Company shall not arrange and/ or maintain the agreed insurance cover then the Contractor may arrange such insurance and pay the premiums and shall be entitled to deduct such sums from moneys due to the Company and/ or pursue an action for recovery of the debt.
V. Goods shall be insured by the Sellers with the Ingosstrakh of the RF on a.a.r. conditions in accordance with Para 2 Clause 1 of the Transport Insurance Rules of the Ingosstrakh of the RF.
Insurance Policy to be issued in the name of the Buyers for ___ per cent of the cif value of the goods.
Insurance against war and strike risks to be made at the Buyers’ request and for their account.
VI. Marine risk insurance to be covered by the Buyers and confirmed to the Sellers upon their first request at least 5 days prior to loading.
VII. Marine insurance for the invoice amount plus 10 per cent shall be covered by the Sellers.
For underdeck cargo. With particular average subject to §2 of the Transport Insurance Rules including damage caused by hook, oil, fresh water and other cargo, and also including breakage, theft, pilferage and non-delivery.
For deck cargo. Subject to §2 of the Transport Insurance Rules, free from particular average unless caused by the vessel being stranded, sunk, burnt, in explosion or in collision with any external substance, including non-delivery and jettison and washing overboard.
For all cargo. Claims not payable if amounting to 0.5 per cent of the insured value or to 10 pounds sterling, whichever is the lesser sum. The obligation to insure against war risks shall be on the Buyers.
VIII. The Buyer is to take care of and to cover expenses for insurance of the goods under the present contract with Ingosstrakh from the moment of their loading on board the truck up to the moment of the arrival at the Buyer’s works.
The Seller is to take care of and to cover expenses for insurance of the goods with Ingosstrakh from the moment of their loading on board the truck at the rate of … per cent of the insurance amount.
FOCUS 2. COMMENTARY AND VOCABULARY NOTES
COMMENTARY 1. See IV. … moneys … - денежные суммы
Одним из распространенных способов образования новых лексических единиц в английском языке является модификация значения во множественном числе. В частности большое количество абстрактных имен существительных, не имеющих в своем основном значении множественного числа, получают форму множественного числа со значением, отличным от основного. Например,
security (безопасность; обеспечение – нет формы множественного числа) → security (ценная бумага – множественное число securities);
insurance (страхование - нет формы множественного числа) → insurance (договор страхования - множественное число insurances); insurances (акции страховых компаний – нет формы единственного числа);
money (деньги – нет формы множественного числа) → moneys (денежные суммы – нет формы единственного числа)
COMMENTARY 2. See V.
… on a.a.r. conditions… - …на условиях “от всех рисков”
→ a.a.r. - “against all risks”
Сокращения в страховании
Страхование – это область, где используется большое количество сокращений. Среди них, следует выделить следующие основные группы:
¨ условия страхования (например, n.r.t.o.r. – no risk until on rail);
¨ названия организаций, ассоциаций, участников процесса страхования (например, NMA – Non-marine Association; Ag - agent);
¨ названия документов (например, A.F.B. – air freight bill; A.H.F. – American Hull Form);
¨ общекоммерческие сокращения (например, FOB – free on board; asap – as soon as possible);
¨ прочие сокращения (например, DOC – Department of Commerce; ea. - each).
Чаще других в страховании используются следующие сокращения:
| a.a.r. | against all risks | - против всех рисков |
| A.L.M. | Association of Lloyd’s Members | - Ассоциация членов Ллойда (Ллойдза) |
| Av., av. | average | - авария |
| C.C. | cancellation clause | - оговорка о расторжении (договора страхования) |
| C/N | cover note | - ковернот |
| FAA | free of all average | - свободной от любой аварии |
| FGA | free of general average | - свободно от общей аварии |
| F.P. | floating policy | - генеральный полис |
| FPA, f.p.a. | free of particular average | - свободно от частной аварии |
| GA | general average | - общая авария |
| GAL | general average loss | - убыток по общей аварии |
| indm | indemnity | - страховое возмещение |
| i.o.p. | irrespective of percentage | - независимо от процента |
| LID | Lloyd’s Insurance Brokers | - Ассоциация страховых брокеров Ллойда (Ллойдза) |
| Llds | Lloyd’s of London | - Лондонский Ллойд(з) |
| LR | Lloyd’s Register | - (Судоходный) Регистр Ллойда (Ллойдза) |
| LUA | Lloyd’s Underwriters’ Association | - Ассоциация андеррайтеров Ллойда (Ллойдза) |
| MIP | marine insurance policy | - полис морского страхования |
| M& W | marine and war risks | - страхование от морских и военных рисков |
| OC | Open Cover | - открытый ковер (форма автоматического страхования грузов на длительный период без каких-либо ограничений) |
| PA | particular average | - частная авария |
| WA, W.A. | With Average Clause | - стандартная британская оговорка «С ответственностью за аварию по грузу» |
| WPA | with particular average | - с ответственностью за частную аварию |
| I. | |
| contractor | контрагент; сторона в договоре SYN: contracting party; party to the contract |
| endorsement | зд. подтверждение; одобрение |
| to sue | преследовать по суду; предъявлять иск |
| to recover | юр. виндицировать; взыскивать в судебном порядке; получать возмещение (по суду) |
| to subrogate | юр. суброгировать (заменять одно лицо другим в отношении исковых прав, притязаний и пр., зд. заменять кредитора после выплаты страхового возмещения) |
| affiliated company | филиальное отделение; филиал VARIANT: affiliate |
| subsidiary | “дочерняя” компания; подконтрольная компания |
| II. | |
| to relieve sb of sb’s obligations | освобождать кого-либо от обязательств SYN: to free sb from sb’s obligations |
| legal fee | судебная пошлина SYN: litigation fee |
| counsel | участвующий в деле адвокат; барристер |
| solicitor | солиситор |
| litigation expenses | судебные издержки |
| III. | |
| at sb’s sole cost | исключительно за чей-либо счет; полностью за чей-либо счет |
| to recoup | возмещать; компенсировать; вычитать; удерживать |
| validated copy | экземпляр, имеющий законную силу |
| to omit | зд. не совершать чего-либо |
| IV. | |
| to maintain the insurance cover | поддерживать страховое покрытие |
| moneys | денежные суммы (См. COMMENTARY 1) VARIANT: monies |
| V. | |
| AAR, aar | against all risks «против всех рисков» (условие страхования, по которому страховщиком покрываются убытки, наступившие в результате любого риска) (См. COMMENTARY 2) |
| VII. | |
| underdeck cargo | трюмный груз |
| VIII. | |
| to cover expenses | покрывать расходы |
FOCUS 3. WRITTEN PATTERNS
| 1. | …the underwriters will have no rights to sue, recover, claim and/or subrogate any loss… | … страховщики не будут иметь никакого права предъявлять иск, возвращать, требовать и/ или суброгировать любую потерю… |
| 2. | The failure to secure the insurance cover … shall not in any way relieve the Contractor of its obligations… | Невозможность обеспечить страховое покрытие … не особождает Подрядчика от обязательств … |
| 3. | The Organiser shall at its sole cost arrange insurance… | Организатор за свой собственный счет должен обеспечить страхование… |
| 4. | … they shall not do, omit [or permit] any act… | … они не допустят какого-либо действия или бездействия [и не позволят третьим лицам]… |
FOCUS 4. EXERCISES
Dialogue 1
А. В нашем случае, я думаю, покупатель принимает на себя все заботы и расходы по страхованию поставляемого по контракту оборудования с момента отгрузки с завода продавца до момента получения заводом покупателя.
B. I think, besides, the buyers bear expenses for insurance from the sellers’ works up to the moment of loading the goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment.
A. Да. Страхование должно производиться от всех рисков на полную стоимость контракта. У Вас есть еще дополнения или предложения по этому пункту?
B. Yes. Do you object to including the provision that within 30 days of the signing of the contract the buyers shall send to the sellers the insurance policy covering insurance of the equipment from the moment of its despatch from the sellers’ works. Now I think it’s complete.
А. Практически, да. Следует добавить незначительные детали. Во-первых, в Вашем варианте пропущено, что полис выписывается на имя продавца. Во-вторых, Вы совершенно верно указали момент, с которого следует осуществлять страхование. Однако также надо указать, что страхование осуществляется до момента погрузки товара на борт судна в порту.
B. I cannot agree more.
Dialogue 2
А. Прежде чем мы будем обсуждать остальные пункты контракта, думаю, мы должны решить вопрос о страховании. Насколько я знаю, Вы подготовили проект такого пункта.
В. Right you are. We have made up three variants and it’s time for us to look into them. First, the Organiser agrees that it shall at its sole cost arrange insurance against the Event not taking place for any reason.
A. Да, здесь я вижу, что страхование обеспечивается в пользу Организатора и Спонсора. Думаю, что необходимо указать, что стоимость в этом случае должна быть возмещена Спонсору в полном объеме.
В. No objections. Besides, the Organiser agrees to provide the Sponsor with validated copies of such insurance policies upon request.
A. У Вас написано, что организаторы согласны, что сами не допустят какого-либо действия или бездействия и не разрешат третьим лицам совершение любых действий, которые привели бы к объявлению страховых полисов недействительными. Здесь, мне кажется следует внести дополнение: «или которое предотвратит их вступление в силу».
В. Well, I don’t mind. On top of all, I suppose we could also add the sentence marked in red ink in our variant No 3. “Any sums paid by the insurers to the Organisers which are for the benefit of the Sponsor shall immediately be paid to the Sponsor without delay”.
FOCUS 5. WORKSHOP
FOCUS 6. ROLEPLAY
Card 1. Вы работаете в компании, которая торгует мебелью. Вы разместили заказ у компании «Лакшери Ферниче» на кресла и диваны. Ваши клиенты открывают новый отель и с нетерпением ожидают прибытия мебели. Однако Вы узнали, что при транспортировке часть кресел и диванов была повреждена. Вы сообщаете представителю компании об этом и просите незамедлительно выслать в адрес Ваших клиентов наименования поврежденных товаров (См. Ex.7, Assignment 2).
Card 2. Вы представляете компанию «Лакшери Ферниче», которая является изготовителем высококлассной мебели. Недавно в Вашей компании фирма, занимающаяся продажей мебели, разместила у Вас заказ на большое количество диванов и кресел для своего клиента, который собирается открывать новый отель. У этой фирмы возникли проблемы с отгруженным в ее адрес заказом. Выясните суть претензии и постарайтесь найти выход из ситуации.
[1] death or mortality of animals and fowls – падеж скота и птицы
[2] millstone - жернов
[3] grindstone - точильный камень
[4] lithographic stone - литографский камень
[5] crucible - тигель
[6] Пункты I, II и IV являются составными частями стандартных договоров подряда. Договор подряда заключается между Заказчиком и Подрядчиком, при этом последний выполняет по заданию Заказчика определенную договором работу (чаще всего в строительстве или учебно-издательской деятельности). При этом contractor – подрядчик; company – компания или заказчик; operator – оператор или заказчик
[7] organiser – организатор; event – мероприятие; sponsor – спонсор
BLOCK 2. INSURANCE POLICY
LEAD-IN
¨ What is an insurance policy? What contract does it prove?
¨ What is the difference between a cover note and a policy?
¨ What kinds of policy do you know?
¨ Compare insurance policy and cover note (p.544-545, p.559-560).
What are the main features of both? Is there any difference between them?
If any, define it.
When the insurance is arranged between the underwriters (the insurers) and the suppliers (the insured), a cover note is issued to the insured by their insurance underwriters. This brief notice tells the insured that their goods are “covered” and that the insurance policy will soon be issued.
The policy is the principle document and is the instrument embodying the contract. But as the policy may cover a certain period of time, or many shipments of goods. Another document is used called the certificate. This is used for each shipment that is made, the particulars of the consignment are entered on a declaration form and the insurance agents issue the certificate to the senders on behalf of the insurers.
There are various kinds of policy, such as a “voyage” policy, which is used for one voyage only. A “time” policy is used for a period of time.
More commonly used is the “floating” policy which covers large quantities of goods for a period (often for one year). Each shipment requires a separate certificate. There is also an arrangement called “Open Cover”, where all consignments are covered by the insurer.
Marine insurance offers shippers a variety of policies to cover shipments. However, most exporters ship under an all-risk, valued policy which covers them against most eventualities and allows them compensation for loss or damage, plus ten per cent.
The premium is the money paid by the insured for their policy. It is quoted as a percentage. For example, in the UK it is quoted as pence per £ 100. 75 % is 75p for £ 100 insured.
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