Exercise 2. Answer the following questions. Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text. Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text

1. What does the term “multimodal transport” mean?

2. What is regarded as the critical point now?

3. What document is issued in combined transport?

4. What mode of transport do you use for carriage of goods?

5. Where are critical points of responsibility under Incoterms?

6. What does the term FOB means?

Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:

 

1. Multimodal (Door to Door) transport is _________________ in shipping now. It involves a transfer of goods from ___________________________ to _______________.

 

2. Traditionally, the ship’s rail was considered the _______________________________, that is when all risks of loss or damage are ___________________ from one party the other.

 

3. The main carrier often prefers to assume through _____________________ for the cargo he carries. In a _________________ movement of the goods a combined transport document is issued instead of a traditional ____________________________.

 

4. The new system of multimodal shipment in international trade is reflected in the ____________________________________ (Incoterms 1980).

 

5. “Ex Works” means that the seller’s only responsibility is ______________________________ at his premises (i.e. works or factory).

 

6. FOB Airport is based on the same main principle as __________________________ term.

 

7. FAS means ___________________________. Under this term the seller’s obligations are fulfilled when the goods have been ____________________alongside the ship on the __________ or in _________________.

 

8. FOB means ______________________________ . The goods are placed on _____________________ by the seller at a port of shipment named in the _________________.

 

9. C&F means “__________________”. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the _____________________________, but the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods ___________________ in the port of shipment.

 

10. “Delivered at Frontier” means that the seller’s ___________________are fulfilled when the goods have arrived at the __________________ – but before “the customs border” of the country named in ___________________________.

 

Exercise 4. Read and translate the text. Then study the vocabulary given after it.

 

Packing and marking

Goods for export are to be properly packed. If they are poorly packed and marked the carrier can refuse to accept them, or will make qualifications about the unsatisfactory condition of packing in the bill of lading.

Packing can be external (crate (клеть), bag) and internal (box, packet, flask etc.), in which the goods are sold.

In case of consumer goods packing has a double function. On the one hand, it is for protection. On the other – it serves to advertise a product and attract a customer.

Marking should be in indelible paint with recognizable marks.

Here is an extract from a concerning packing contract:

_____________________________________________________________________________________

 

Contract No. ____________

Packing

1. The equipment and spare parts are to be shipped in export packing meeting the requirements of each particular type of equipment.

2. The packing is to secure full safety of the goods from any kind of damage and corrosion during transportation by sea, railway and combined transport. The packing shall be suitable for loading by crane, by autocars, by trucks and manually in so far as the weight and volume of individual packages allow.

Before packing, the equipment is to be protected with anticorrosive coating to protect it from any damage and corrosion in transit and to ensure storage during hot summer and cold winter.

3. The Sellers shall be responsible for any damage to or breakage of the goods that may be caused by poor packing or for corrosion which may appear due to improper or insufficient coating.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Here is an extract from a contract concerning marking:

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Contract No._______________

 

Marking

1. The cases in which the equipment is packed are to be marked on three sides: on the top of the case and two non-opposite sides.

2. The marking shall be clearly made with indelible paint in English and Russian as follows:

Contract No.                          Контракт №  

Trans No.                               Транс №

Package No.                          Место №

Net /Gross weight in kg.       Вес нетто / Брутто в кг

Case dimensions in cm          Размеры места в см

(length, width, height)           (длина, ширина, высота)

3.All cases which need special handling must have an additional marking as well as other indications if specific handling of a particular case is required:

“Handle with care”                           «Осторожно»

“Top”                                     «Верх»

“Do not turn over”                            «Не кантовать»

“Do not use hooks”               «Не использовать крюки»

 

Insurance of goods

The export trade is subject to many risks. Ships may sink or collide; consignments may be lost or damaged. So, the goods are usually insured now for the full value. The idea of insurance is to obtain indemnity in case of damage or loss. Insurance is against risk.

While the goods are in a warehouse, the insurance covers the risk of fire, burglary, etc.

As soon as the goods are in transit they are insured against pilferage, damage by water, breakage or leakage. Other risks may also be covered.

The insured is better protected if his goods are insured against all risks. The goods may be also covered against general and particular average.

In the insurance business the word average means loss. Particular average refers to risks affected only one shipper’s consignment.

General average refers to a loss incurred by one consignor but shared by all the other consignors who use the same vessel on the same voyage.

 

VOCABULARY

Packing                                  упаковка

External packing                    внешняя упаковка

Internal                                  внутренняя упаковка

Sea packing                           морская упаковка

Marking                                 маркировка

Marks                                     маркировочные знаки на упаковке

To make qualifications          делать оговорки       

Indelible                                несмываемый

Safety                                    сохранность

In transit                                в пути (о грузах)

Storage                                  хранение

Breakage                                поломка

Consignment                         груз, партия товара

Insurance indemnity              страховое возмещение

Warehouse                             склад (товарный)

Burglary                                 кража со взломом

Pilferage                                мелкая кража, хищение из отдельных мест груза

Leakage                                 утечка

General average                     общая авария

Particular average                  частная авария

To incur losses                       терпеть убытки

Consignor                              грузоотправитель

 

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