Exercise 15. Complete the following letters with the correct prepositions.

1) Dear Sir/ Madam,

I am a Spanish student ___________ the University __________Barcelona doing a Master’s Course ___________ Business Studies, and I intend to spend six months __________ England _________ January next year, preparing _________ the Cambridge First Certificate.

Your college was recommended _____________ me _________ a fellow student and I would like details _________ the First Certificate course, including fees and dates. Could you also let me know if you can provide accommodation __________ me ________Brighton ____________an English family.

Thank you for your attention, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully,

Maria Ortega

 

2) Dear Sir,

We were impressed ___________ your display ____________ office furniture __________ the Expoquip trade fair held __________Madrid __________________January.

We are a group __________________ retailers specializing ____________ the sale ___________ top-quality non-electronic office equipment, and we are seeking a supplier __________ our stores.

Could you send us your latest catalogue and price-list, details __________ materials used _______ your products, and information regarding credit terms and discounts?

We look forward _______________ receiving your reply.

Yours faithfully,

Anne Croft (Miss)

 

3) Dear Mr MacFee

We are writing ________________you _______________the recommendation ___________Mr David Arnold, the accountant __________ D.L. Cromer Ltd._______ Staines, Middlesex. He advised us to contact you as a referee, concerning credit facilities, which his company asked us __________.

Could you confirm that the company settles _________due dates, and is sound enough to meet credits of __________ to $5,000 in transactions.

We would be grateful ____________ a reply ____________ your earliest possible convenience.

Yours sincerely,

P.Gomes (Mrs)

 

4) Dear Mr Dietmann

You were recommended __________________ us ______________ Gebrauchte Stilmobel, our associates, ___________ whom you have operated as forwarding agents.

We are looking _________ a reliable company to handle our deliveries ________ Europe, taking care ____________ documentation and making sure ___________ a safe delivery, as many ___________ our products become worthless if damaged.

Enclosed you will find a list representing a consignment we wish to send ___________Lausanne ________ Switzerland. We would like it to be delivered there _________ road __________ a door-to-door basis. Could you let us have your quotation, and if it is competitive, we can assure you _____________further business ______________the future.

Yours sincerely,

R.Behrendt

 

5) Dear Sir/ Madam,

We are a large engineering company exporting machine parts worldwide, and we have set up contacts ______________ Middle Eastern Customers ___________ the next two years.

As these parts are similar _________ nature and are going _________ the same destination over this period we though it might be less expensive if we insured them, _________ an all risk basis, ________________ a time policy.

We would appreciate it if you could give us any information ______________this type ___________cover and how it operates.

Yours faithfully,

Jack Turner

 

 

Lesson 3

Транспортная документация

The transport documentation

 

Exercise 1. Read and translate the texts, using the vocabulary given after them.

 

Multimodal (Door to Door) transport is wide-spread in shipping now. It involves a transfer of goods from one mode of transport to another.

Traditionally, the ship’s rail was considered the critical point of responsibility, that is when all risks of loss or damage are transferred from one party the other. Now it is no longer the ship’s rail but the port terminal which may be such a point. In sea port areas the goods are put into containers, on pallets or aboard the ship.

The main carrier often prefers to assume through responsibility for the cargo he carries. In a through movement of the goods a combined transport document is issued instead of a traditional Bill of Lading. Like a traditional Bill of Lading it is a receipt for the consignment. But instead of ports of shipment and discharge it shows the place of delivery and receipt.

 

Incoterms

The new system of multimodal shipment in international trade is reflected in the International Commercial Terms (Incoterms 1980).

 

EX Works

“Ex Works” means that the seller’s only responsibility is to make the goods available at his premises (i.e. works or factory). In particular he is not responsible for loading the goods in the vehicle provided by the buyer, unless otherwise agreed. The buyer bears the full cost and risk involved in bringing the goods from there to the desired destination. This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller.

Free Carrier …( named point)

This term has been designed to meet the requirements of modern transport, particularly such “multimodal” transport as container or “roll on-roll off” traffic by trailers and ferries. It is based on the same main principle as FOB except that the seller fulfils his obligations when he delivers the goods into the custody of the carrier at the named point.

For/ Fot

FOR and FOT mean “Free on Rail” and “Free on Truck”. These terms are synonymous since the word “Truck” relates to the railway wagons. They should only be used when the goods are to be carried by railway.

Fob Airport

FOB Airport is based on the same main principle as the ordinary FOB term. The seller fulfils his obligations by delivering the goods to the air carrier at the airport of departure. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been so delivered.

FAS

FAS means “Free Alongside Ship”. Under this term the seller’s obligations are fulfilled when the goods have been placed alongside the ship on the quay or in lighters. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment.

FOB

FOB means “Free on Board”. The goods are placed on board the ship by the seller at a port of shipment named in the sales contract. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail.

C&F

C&F means “Cost and Freight”. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.

CIF

CIF means “Cost, Insurance and Freight”. This term is basically the same as C&F but with the addition that the seller has to procure marine insurance against the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts with the insurer and pays the insurance premium.

Freight Carriage Paid To

Like C&F “Freight or Carriage paid to…” means that the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination. However, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the first carrier and not at the ship’s rail. It can be used for all modes of transport including multimodal operations and container or roll on-roll off traffic by trailers and ferries. When the Seller has to furnish a bill of lading, waybill or carrier’s receipt, he duly fulfills this obligation by presenting such a document issued by the person with whom he has contracted for carriage to the named destination.

Freight Carriage and Insurance Paid To…

This term is the same as “Freight or Carriage Paid to…” but with the addition that the seller has to procure transport insurance against the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts with the insurer and pays the insurance premium.

EX Ship

“EX Ship” means that the seller shall make the goods available to the buyer on board the ship at the destination named in the sales contract.

EX Quay

“EX Quay” means that the seller makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay (wharf) at the destination named in the sales contract.

Delivered at Frontier

“Delivered at Frontier” means that the seller’s obligations are fulfilled when the goods have arrived at the frontier – but before “the customs border” of the country named in the sales contract.

Delivered Duty Paid

While the term “Ex Works” signifies the seller’s minimum obligation, the term “Delivered Duty Paid”, when followed by words naming the buyer’s premises, denotes the other extremly the sellers’ maximum obligation. The term “Delivered Duty Paid” may be used irrespective of the mode of transport.

 

Notes:

“Incoterms” – «Международные правила толкования коммерческих терминов». Разработаны Международной Торговой Палатой, Сборник “Incoterms 1980” содержит правила толкования 14 базисных условий поставки

 

EXW – EX works – франко-завод, с завода

FRC – Free carrier …named point – свободно у перевозчика (в поименованном пункте)

FOR/FOT – Free on Rail/Truck – франко-вагон, свободно в вагоне или на платформе

FOA – FOB Airport – свободно в аэропорту

FAS – Free alongside ship – свободно вдоль борта судна

FOB – Free on Board – свободно на борту судна

CFR –C and F – Cost and Freight – КАФ – стоимость и фрахт

CIF – Cost, Insurance, Freight – СИФ – стоимость, страхование, фрахт

Freight / Carriage paid to – фрахт / провозная плата оплачена до…

Ex Ship – с судна

Ex Quay – с пристани

DAF – Delivered at Frontier – поставлено на границе

DDP – Delivered Duty Paid – поставлено с оплатой пошлины

VOCABULARY

Multimodal                            мультимодальный

Mode of transport                 вид транспорта

Ship’s rail                               рейлинг судна

Critical point of responsibility критическая точка ответственности

Risk of loss or damage          риск утраты или повреждения товара

Terminal                                 грузовые склады в портах, имеющие сортировочные устройства

Pallet                                      поддон

Through                                 сквозной

To assume responsibility взять на себя ответственность

Port of shipment                    порт отгрузки

Port of discourage                 порт разгрузки

Receipt                                  получение, расписка в получении

Vehicle                                  транспортное средство

To fulfill obligations              выполнять обязательства

To meet the requirements      удовлетворять требованиям, обеспечить потребности  

RO/ RO Roll on / Roll off     метод транспортировки грузов с горизонтальной погрузкой и выгрузкой

Ferry                                      паром

Custody                                 хранение

Wagon                                   товарный вагон

Carrier                                    перевозчик

To carry                                 везти, перевозить

Carriage                                 перевозчик

By rail                                    по железной дороге

Quay (wharf)                         причал

Lighter                                   лихтер

On board a ship                     на борту судна         

Marine insurance        морское страхование

Insured                                  1) страхователь (лицо, отдающее имущество на страхование);
                                                      2) застрахованный              

Insurer                               страховщик (лицо, принимающее имущество на страхование)

Insurance premium                страховая премия, страховой взнос

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