The Study of Meaning The Stylistic Differentiation of the English Vocabulary

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22. Find the word with the grammatical meaning of singularity (noun):

a) He works well;

b) His work is done well;

c) His works are known everywhere;

d) They work at a big plant.

23. Find the word with the grammatical meaning of plurality (noun);

a) All his answers were correct;

b) He answers well;

c) If you are not sure, don't answer this question;

d) Your answer is wrong.

24. Find the word in which the emotive charge is heavier:

a) large;

b) big;

c) tremendous;

d) vast.

25. Find the word which is colloquial in style:

a) parent;

b) father;

c) dad;

d) ancestor.

26. Find the word which is bookish in style:

a) darkness;

b) harmony;

c) foolish;

d) glad.

27. Find a non-literary word (slang):

a) wife;

b) sister;

c) missus;

d) mother.

28. Find a non-literary word (professionalism):

a) a shop;

b) a lab;

c) a store;

d) a barn.

29. Find a non-literary word or expression (vulgarism):

a) bad;

b) negative;

c) awful;

d) bloody.

30. Find the word which is motivated morphologically:

a) father;

b) singer;

c) aunt;

d) niece.

31. Find the word which is completely motivated morphologically:

a) long;

b) endless;

c) big;

d) large.

32. Find the word which is partially motivated morphologically:

a) cherry;

b) apple;

c) plum;

d) cranberry.

33. Find the word which is motivated phonetically:

a) hiss;

b) book;

c) table;

d) chair.

34. Find an example of a dead metaphor:

a) cold reason;

b) cruel heat;

c) the flower of his life;

d) the hand of the watch.

35. Find an example of a personal metaphor:

a) She is like a snake in the grass;

b) He bought a head of cabbage;

c) The moon is riding in the sky;

d) The moon is like a silver coin.

36. ind an example of zoosemy (nicknaming from animals):

a) Don't you be a dog in the manger;

b) She is always as busy as a bee;

c) He is as strong as an elephant;

d) Rise like lions after slumber".

37. Find an example of metonymy:

a) He had only a few coppers in his pocket;

b) We got to the mouth of the river;

c) He was a lion in the fight;

d) The valey was silent.

38. Find the case of synecdoche (a type of metonymy consisting in the substitution of the name of the whole by the name of some of its parts or vice versa):

a) Everything smiled at him;

b) All hands aboard!

c) The childhood of the earth;

d) The leg of the table was broken.

39. What result of the change of meaning can be found in the examples below: l) extension (generalization) of meaning; 2) narrowing (specialization) of meaning; 3) pejorative development (degradation of meaning); 4) ameliorative development (elevation of meaning):

a) She has always been a good wife to him;

b) Have you looked through the journals which were got yesterday?

c) We must write to the minister about it;

d) don't like her Her manners are vulgar;

e) The office was in the busiest part of London, in the City;

f) The hunter walked along the path, the hound running after him;

g) Our target is building civil society;

h) " Do you hear the villain, " — groaned the tall young man;

40. Find a monosemantic word:

a) table;

b) hydrogen;

c) head;

d) country.

41. Find the case where diachronically we have not polysemantic words but homonyms:

a) table (стол) — table (таблица);

b) pipe (труба) — pipe (курительная трубка);

c) tube (труба) — tube (метро);

d) ear (колос) — ear (ухо).

42. Which is the most frequent meaning of the polysemantic word " hand"?

a) factory or dockyard worker;

b) the pointer of a watch;

c) side or direction;

d) part of the human arm beyond the wrist.

43. In which of the word-groups the lexical context is of primary importance to determine the meaning of a polysemantic word?

a) heavy storm;

b) to make a good teacher;

c) to make everybody laugh;

d) to get to the place.

44. In which of the word-groups the grammatical context is of primary importance to determine the meaning of a polysemantic word?

a) heavy artillery;

b) to make somebody work;

c) handsome reward;

d) to take the tram.

45. Find an example of full lexical homonyms:

a) lead (вести) — lead (свинец);

b) ball (мяч)— ball (бал);

c) rose (роза) — rose (past tense from to rise);

d) flat (плоский) — flat (квартира).

46. Find an example of partial lexical homonyms:

a) match (матч) —match (спичка);

b) seal (тюлень) —seal (печать);

c) to lie (лежать) — to lie (лгать);

d) coarse (грубый) — course (курс).

47. Find an example of full lexico-grammatical homonyms:

a) club (n) — to club (v);

b) pail (n) — pale (adj);

c) since (prep) — since (conj);

d) to lie (лежать) — to lie (лгать).

48. Find an example of partial lexico-grammatical homonyms:

a) for (prep) — for (conj);

b) sun (n) — son (n);

c) bow (лук) — bow (поклон);

d) seal (тюлень) — to seal (запечатать).

49. Find an example of partial grammatical homonyms:

a) brothers (pi) — brother's (poss case);

b) fast (adj) — fast (adv);

c) hammer (n) — hammer (v);

d) bear (n)— bear (v).

50. Find an example of homographs:

a) bow (поклон) — bow (лук);

b) right (правый) — write (писать);

c) ring (кольцо) — ring (телефонный вызов);

d) to found (основывать) — found (past tense from to find).

51. Find an example of homophones:

a) lead (свинец) — lead (вести);

b) can (мочь) — can (консервировать);

c) long (длинный) — long (ждать);

d) meat (мясо) — meet (встречать).

52. Find an example of perfect homonyms:

a) nose (нос) — knows (3 person sing, of to know);

b) pair (пара) — pear (груша);

c) case (дело, случай) — case (коробка);

d) row (ряд) — row (шум, гвалт).

53. Find the homonyms which appeared due to the process of divergent meaning development (split polysemy):

a) see (видеть) — sea (море);

b) flower (цветок) — flour (мука);

c) ball (мяч) — ball (бал);

d) tear (слеза)— tear (разрывать).

54. Find the homonyms which appeared due to the process of convergent sound development:

a) love (n) —love (v);

b) finger (n) — finger (v);

c) paper (n) — paper (v);

d) lead (n) (свинец) —lead (v) (вести).

55. ind an example of ideographic synonyms:

a) to seem — to appear;

b) to begin — to commence;

c) to see — to behold;

d) to die — to pass away.

56. Find an example of absolute (total) synonyms:

a) eye-doctor — occulist;

b) large—vast;

c) to get — to receive;

d) word-building — word-formation.

57. Find an example of ideographic-stylistic synonyms:

a) to see — to view;

b) to see — to behold;

c) to see — to observe;

d) to see — to watch.

58. Find the dominant of the synonymic set:

a) celebrated;

b) famous;

c) distinguished;

d) eminent.

59. Find an example of root antonyms:

a) kind-cruel;

b) important — unimportant;

c) appear — disappear;

d) known — unknown.

60. Find an example of derivational antonyms:

a) love — hatred;

b) beautiful — ugly;

c) possible — impossible;

d) long — short.

61. Find a set of words not belonging to the same thematic group:

a) tree — grow — green;

b) journey — train — ticket;

c) sun — shine — brightly;

d) apple — read — snow.

Word-structure

62. Find a word with an inflection:

a) worker;

b) darkness;

c) books;

d) rewrite.

63. Find a word with a derivational affix:

a) night;

b) heartless;

c) Ivanov's;

d) papers.

64. Find a word with two free morphemes:

a) unbearable;

b) childhood;

c) merry-go-round;

d) first-nighter.

65. Find a word with a bound root-morpheme:

a) suspicion;

b) backward;

c) brotherly;

d) houses.

66. Find a word with two bound affixational morphemes:

a) kindness;

b) snow-white;

c) uneatable;

d) book-keeper.

67. Find a monomorphic word:

a) mighty;

b) reader;

c) daughter;

d) ashtray.

68. Find a polymorphic (derived) word:

a) unquestionable;

b) lamp-shade;

c) snowball;

d) forget-me-not.

69. Find a polymorphic (compound) word:

a) uncomfortable;

b) impossible;

c) action;

d) lady-killer.

70. Which of the words is divided into Immediate Constituents?

a) in-significant;

b) in-attent-ive;

c) un-expect-ed;

d) joy-ful-ly.

71. Which of the words is divided into Ultimate Constituents?

a) un—moving;

b) un—doubt—ed—ly;

c) un—employment;

d) ir—resistible.

72. Find a word with a pseudo—morpheme:

a) re-write;

b) re-main;

c) speak-er;

d) lady-kill-er.

73. Find a word with a semi-affix:

a) red-hot;

b) long-haired;

c) self-possessed;

d) undisputable.

74. In which of the suffixated words a root-morpheme has transformed into an affixational morpheme?

a) actress;

b) friendship;

c) question;

d) childish.

75. Which of the words has a derived stem?

a) darkness;

b) teacher;

c) unbound;

d) uncomfortable.

76. Find a word with a compound stem:

a) greenhouse;

b) unemployment;

c) insignificant;

d) handful.

77. Which of the words is built in accordance with the formula: a+suff?

a) irresistible;

b) invariably;

c) impossible;

d) good-for-nothing.

78. Which of the words is built in accordance with the pattern: in- +V+ -able + -ly?

a) impossible;

b) irresistible;

c) invariably;

d) good-for-nothing.

Word-formation

79. Find a word formed with the help of a productive prefix:

a) amphitheatre;

b) withdraw;

c) unknown;

d) forecast.

80. Find a word formed with the help of a non-productive prefix:

a) enlarge;

b) international;

c) dislike;

d) rewrite.

81. Find a word with a productive Germanic prefix:

a) foresee;

b) misprint;

c) abnormal;

d) cooperation.

82. Find a word with a productive Romanic prefix:

a) afternoon;

b) unable;

c) prearrange;

d) undertake.

83. Find a word with a Greek prefix:

a) postwar;

b) antifascist;

c) extraordinary;

d) overturn.

84. Which of the words is built with a prefix denoting negation?

a) unbutton;

b) counter-attack;

c) illegal;

d) demobilize.

85. Which of the words has a prefix denoting repetition?

a) enrich;

b) befriend;

c) return;

d) reappear.

86. Which of the prefixes denotes time relations?

a) pre-;

b) un-;

c) in-;

d) dis-.

87. Find a noun built with the help of a lexicalized grammatical suffix:

a) darkness;

b) translation;

c) teaching;

d) actress.

88. Which of the suffixes is used for the formation of nouns?

a) -ness;

b) -ish;

c) -less;

d) –ize.

89. Which of the suffixes is a verb-suffix?

a) -an;

b) -en;

c) -ing;

d) -tion.

90. Which of the suffixes is an adjective-suffix?

a) -er;

b) -ous;

c) -ness;

d) –fy.

91. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting a female being:

a) teacher;

b) cyclist;

c) Japanese;

d) farmerette.

92. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting diminutiveness:

a) cutter;

b) booklet;

c) decorator;

d) hostess.

93. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting collectivity:

a) peasantry;

b) greatness;

c) socialism;

d) teaching.

94. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting the agent of a verbal action:

a) pianist;

b) auntie;

c) instructor;

d) villager.

95. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting the process of an action:

a) singer;

b) development;

c) darkness;

d) freedom.

96. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting state:

a) realism;

b) trustee;

c) happiness;

d) translation.

97. Which of the nouns is built with the help of a productive suffix?

a) victory;

b) violinist;

c) passage;

d) freedom.

98. Which of the nouns is built with the help of a non—productive suffix?

a) assistance;

b) tenderness;

c) darvinism;

d) resolution.

99. Which of the adjectives is built with the help of a suffix denoting the absence of the quality?

a) childish;

b) eatable;

c) hopeless;

d) talkative.

100. Find an adjective built with the help of a suffix denoting the presence of the quality in a small degree:

a) powerful;

b) worthless;

c) bookish;

d) reddish.

101. Find an adjective built with the help of a productive suffix:

a) mighty;

b) fashionable;

c) European;

d) joyous.

102. Find an adjective built with the help of a non-productive suffix:

a) poetical;

b) sunny;

c) collective;

d) careless.

103. Which of the verbs is built with the help of a productive suffix?

a) organize;

b) illustrate;

c) unite;

d) specify.

104. Which of the nouns is built with the help of a Germanic suffix?

a) guidance;

b) lioness;

c) frequency;

d) cleverness.

105. Which of the nouns is built with the help of a Romanic suffix?

a) friendship;

b) achievement;

c) length;

d) opportunist.

106. Which ofthe nouns is built with the help of a Greek suffix?

a) government;

b) condition;

c) student;

d) classicism.

107. Find a hybrid word (a word made up of elements derived from two or more different languages) among the adjectives:

a) eatable;

b) changeable;

c) stony;

d) gracious.

108. Find a hybrid word among the nouns:

a) singer;

b) government;

c) painter;

d) organization.

109. Find a suffixated noun formed from a noun stem:

a) cutter;

b) dependence;

c) kindness;

d) duckling.

110. Find a suffixated noun formed from a verbal stem:

a) sonny;

b) removal;

c) oaklet;

d) brightness.

111. Find a suffixated noun formed from an adjective stem:

a) blackness;

b) indication;

c) motherhood;

d) inventor.

112. Find a suffixated adjective formed from a verb stem:

a) foolish;

b) collective;

c) peaceful;

d) horned.

113. Find a suffixated adjective formed from a noun stem:

a) beautiful;

b) terrible;

c) brownish;

d) thankful.

114. Find a suffixated adjective formed from an adjective stem:

a) dirty;

b) bearded;

c) movable;

d) greenish.

115. Find the case of noun — verb conversion:

a) a cut — to cut;

b) a break — to break;

c) a jump — to jump;

d) a pen—to pen.

116. Find the case of verb — noun conversion:

a) to book — book;

b) to even — even;

c) to step — step;

d) to dust — dust.

117. Find the case of adjective — verb conversion:

a) silver — to silver;

b) round — to round;

c) spoon — to spoon;

d) camp — to camp.

118. Find a denominal verb denoting an action produced with the object (instrumental relations):

a) a crowd — to crowd;

b) a pump — to pump;

c) a dog — to dog;

d) a pocket — to pocket.

119. Find a denominal verb denoting some action characteristic of the subject:

a) hammer — to hammer;

b) doctor — to doctor;

c) bag — to bag;

d) dress — to dress.

120. Find a denominal verb denoting deprivation of the object:

a) ape — to ape;

b) scalp — to scalp;

c) finger — to finger;

d) head — to head.

121. Find a denominal verb denoting placing into the object (relations of place):

a) head — to head;

b) bottle — to bottle;

c) elbow — to elbow;

d) saw — to saw.

122. Find a denominal verb denoting addition of the object:

a) monkey — to monkey;

b) line — to line;

c) back — to back;

d) fish — to fish.

123. Find a deverbai substance denoting the agent of the action:

a) to cut — cut;

b) to tramp — tramp;

c) to cry — cry;

d) to rush — rush.

124. Find a deverbai substance denoting the result of the action:

a) to smile — smile;

b) to help — help;

c) to find — find;

d) to walk — walk.

125. Find a deverbai substance denoting an instance of the action:

a) to leak — leak;

b) to peel — peel;

c) to dress — dress;

d) to glance — glance.

126. Find the case where diachronically the words are formed not with the help of conversion:

a) walk — to walk;

b) love — to love;

c) book — to book;

d) star — to star.

127. Find a compound noun:

a) theatre—goer;

b) rain—driven;

c) Afro—Asian;

d) black—hearted.

128. Find a compound adjective:

a) sick-leave;

b) backbite;

c) armchair;

d) sky-blue.

129. Find a compound word in which the components are merely placed one after another (juxtaposition):

a) Anglo-Saxon;

b) horseman;

c) sportsman;

d) handiwork.

130. Find a compound word whose components are joined together with a linking vowel:

a) photointelligence;

b) gaslight;

c) gasometer;

d) fountain-pen.

131. Find a compound word whose components are joined together with a linking consonant:

a) handicraft;

b) blue-eyed;

c) sunflower;

d) statesman.

132. Find an example of a compound word proper:

a) a break-down;

b) a pen-holder;

с) black-haired;

d) a set-back.

133. Find an example of a derivational compound word:

a) lady-killer;

b) looking-glass;

c) short-sighted;

d) masterpiece.

134. Find an example of a derivational compound adjective formed with the help of a suffix:

a) red-hot;

b) ice-cold;

c) military-looking;

d) absent-minded.

135. Find an example of a derivational compound noun formed with the help of conversion:

a) a shoe-maker;

b) a pick-pocket;

c) a stand-still;

d) a dragon-fly.

136. Find a coordinative (compounds whose components are structurally and semantically independent and constitute two structural and semantic centers):

a) secretary-stenographer;

b) night-school;

c) sunburnt;

d) colour-blind.

137. Find a coordinative compoundformed by joining phonically variated rhythmic forms:

a) long-living;

b) man-servant;

c) willy-nilly;

d) blueprint.

138. Find a coordinative (reduplicative) compound:

a) pooh-pooh;

b) sundew;

c) lady-bird;

d) railway.

139. Find an example of a subordinative compound (a compound whose components are not equal in importance ):

a) fifty-fifty;

b) actor-manager;

c) walkie-talkie;

d) snowball.

140. Find a syntactic compound word (compounds whose components are placed in the order that conforms to the rules of Modern English syntax):

a) thick-headed;

b) nobleman;

c) green-eyed;

d) writing-table.

141. Find an asyntactic compound word (compounds whose components are placed in the order that contradicts to the rules of Modern English syntax):

a) dark-blue;

b) heartache;

c) sweet-heart;

d) bluebell.

142. Find a compound with a unity stress:

a) sun-flower;

b) door-nail;

c) ill-nature;

d) snow-white.

143. Find a compound with a double stress (primary and secondary):

a) dog-kennel;

b) heartache;

c) bluebell;

d) workhouse.

144. Find a compound with two level stresses:

a) torch-light;

b) newspaper;

c) fellow-man;

d) bookcase.

145. Find a completely motivated compound:

a) bottle-opener;

b) handcuff;

c) greenhouse;

d) dog-rose.

146. Find a partially motivated compound:

a) sky-blue;

b) dog-eared;

c) flower-bed;

d) table-cloth.

147. Find a non-motivated (idiomatic) compound:

a) sunrise;

b) narrow-minded;

c) engine-driver;

d) bluestocking.

148. Find a compound in which the components reflect the semantic relations of purpose:

a) neck-tie;

b) wrist-watch;

c) bookshelf;

d) snowball.

149. Find a compound in which the components reflect the adverbial semantic relations:

a) steamboat;

b) night-club

c) dining-room;

d) man-servant.

150. Find a derivational adjective-nominal compound:

a) cooking-stove;

b) red-nosed;

c) doorway;

d) brick-layer.

151. Find a nominal-verbal compound:

a) peace-fighter;

b) cross-question;

c) long-tailed;

d) writing-table.

152. Find a verb-adverb compound:

a) a bookcase;

b) a fox-hunter;

c) a draw-back;

d) a madman.

153. Find a nominal compound:

a) colour-blind;

b) broadcast;

c) dog-faced;

d) bottle-neck.

154. Find an example of graphical abbreviation:

a) Mr Brown's office;

b) V-Day celebration;

c) MP's speech;

d) UNESCO.

155. Find a lexical abbreviation:

a) tram;

b) YCL;

c) fancy;

d) eg.

156. Find a lexical abbreviation which is read as a succession of the alphabetical readings of the constituent letters:

a) BBC;

b) Mrs;

c) radar;

d) WAAF.

157. Find a lexical abbreviation which is read as an ordinary word:

a) H-bomb;

b) NATO;

c) USSR;

d) TUC.

158. Find an example of apocope (the ommision of the final part of the word):

a) curtsy;

b) exam;

c) flu;

d) bus.

159. Find an example of aphaeresis (the omission of the initial part of the word)

a) tec;

b) taxi;

c) plane;

d) SOS.

160. Find an example of syncope (the ommision of the middle part of the word):

a) specs;

b) prof;

c) story;

d) cycle.

161. Find the word that has been clipped both at the beginning and at the end:

a) phone;

b) photo;

c) fridge;

d) smog.

162. Find an example of a blend:

a) fence;

b) zoo;

c) U-boat;

d) motel.

163. Find an example of back-formation:

a) to read — reader;

b) to edit — editor;

c) to instruct — instructor;

d) to shake — shaker.

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