Glossary for students of Psychology

abilities, aptitudes and attainments	способности, склонности и достижения
abnormal behaviour	девиантное поведение
adherents	последователи (теории)
adjust themselves to the world of reality	приспособиться к реальному миру
ague	аргументировать
alterations	изменения, перемены
anxiety	беспокойство, тревога
appreciating perceptions	оценочное восприятие
approach to psychology	подход к психологии
awareness	осведомленность
backwardness	отсталость, отставание
basic elements of consciousness	базовый элемент сознания
behaviour	поведение
biological psychologists	биопсихологи
blood pressure	кровяное давление
clinical and counseling psychologists	клинические психологи и психологи - консультанты
cognition	познание
decision making	принятие решений
despair	отчаяние, безнадежность
developmental psychologists	возрастные психологи (психологи развития)
diversity	разнообразие
dizzy	головокружение
emotional sickness of worry	эмоциональное заболевание, вызванное тревогой
environmental influence	влияние окружающей среды
evolutionary approach	эволюционный поход
experimental psychology	экспериментальная психология
focus on	сконцентрировать внимание на
frustration	разочарование
functional analysis of behaviour	функциональный анализ поведения
generation	поколение
genetics	генетика
grow accustomed	привыкать
hatred	ненависть
heart disturbances	сердечные нарушения
heritage	наследие
human consciousness	человеческое сознание
human-factors psychology	гуманистическая психология
identity	тождество
inadequancy	неадекватность
incapable	неспособный
infinite variety	безграничное разнообразие
influence	влияние
inherited characteristics	наследственные характеристики
inherited instincts	наследственные инстинкты
insanity	безумие, умопомешательство
insomnia	бессонница
intelligence	мышление
maladjustment	плохая приспособляемость, дизадаптация
meet the demands	отвечать требованиям
memory	память
mental processes	мыслительные процессы
natural selection	естественный отбор
natural system	природная система
nervous breakdown	нервное расстройство
nervous indigestion	нервное расстройство желудка
nervous system	нервная система
neuroscience	нейрология
origin	происхождение
particular ways of thinking	особые способы мышления
perception of the world	восприятие мира
perform an experiment	поставить эксперимент
physiological disorders	психические расстройства
physiological psychologists	психофизиологи
prominent theorists	выдающиеся теоретики
property	свойство
provide the foundation for…	положить начало
psychoanalysis	психоанализ
psychosomatic medicine	психосоматическая медицина
remain alive	оставаться в живых
resentment	обида, негодование
single nerve cell	отдельная нервная клетка
social psychologists	социальные психологи
sociobiology	социальная биология
sociocultural variables	социокультурные различия
store information	сохранять информацию
storm of controversy	ожесточенная полемика
subfields of phychology	отрасли психологии
survive	выживать
take into account	брать во внимание
thoughts and beliefs	мысли и убеждения
tolerant humanistic	терпимое гуманное отношение
unconscious	бессознательный
useful application	полезное применение

Part III. Grammar

Unit 1. The Passive Voice

 

Compare the sentences in the Active and the Passive Voices. Translate them.

The Active Voice The Passive Voice

а) They usually close the shop at 8. The shop is usually closed at 8.
They closed the shop at 8 yesterday. The shop was closed at 8 yesterday.

They will close the shop at 8 tomorrow. The shop will be closed at 8

tomorrow.

 

b) The students are translating The text is being translat­ed by
the text now. the students now.
The students were translating The text was being translated by

the text the whole lesson yesterday. students the whole lesson yesterday.

The students will be translating The text will be translated the

the text the whole lesson tomorrow. whole lesson tomorrow.

 

c) We have just written the The test has just been written
test. (by us).

We had written the test before The test had been written before the

the bell rang. bell rang.

We shall have written the test The test will have been written before

before the bell rings. the bell rings.

 

Translate the sentences. Indicate the tenses in the Passive Voice.

а) 1. The delegation was headed by the Minister of For­eign Affairs. 2. She can be seen in the library every day. 3. Heat and light are given to us by the sun. 4. The child was often left home alone. 5. The children were brought up in the country. 6. He was educated at Oxford. 7. I wasn't told about your decision. 8. The guests were shown the places of interest in the city. 9. The house was destroyed by the fire. 10. She is invited to come to England next year. 11. This house will be rebuilt after the war.

b) 1. The film is much spoken about. 2. My father will be operated on. 3. The letter is being looked for everywhere. 4. The boy was laughed at. 5. The book is often referred to. 6. My friend can be relied on. 7. I must go. I'm being waited for. 8. The children will be looked after. 9. Your parents are taken good care of. 10. Our teacher is always listened to attentively.

 

3. Give the Infinitive form in the Passive Voice according to the model.

Model: to do - to be done

to show - to be shown

to bring, to translate, to send, to offer, to make, to speak, to tell, to say, to build, to use, to advise, to break, to give, to take, to find, to see, to do, to join, to visit, to clean, to understand, to meet, to plant, to write, to read, to pay, to finish, to return

 

Put the following sentences in different tenses of the Passive Voice. Use the necessary key-words.

1. Dinner (be cooked) by mother. 2. This problem (be discussed) by students. 3. A new grammar rule (be explained) by the teacher. 4. The poem (be learnt) by the pupils. 5. A beautiful piece of music (be played) by the pianist. 6. The suit (be made) by a tailor.

always, usually, often, in 2005, yesterday, at 5 o'clock yesterday, next Monday, at 11 o'clock tomorrow, now, in a week, at this moment, during the break, when he comes in, just, this year, today, last week, by that time, before noon, the day after tomorrow, by the end of the month, be­fore Christmas.

 

5. Write the following sentences in negative and interrogative forms:

1) The first prize was won by John.

2) Our exercises are corrected every day by the teacher.

3) The mail is usually delivered at ten o'clock.

4) The construction of the bridge will be finished this year.

5) The contract will be signed tomorrow.

6) His report was listened to with great interest.

7) The film is much spoken about.

8) All the letters are looked through by the secretary.

9) All these books were published by this publishing house.

6. Translate the following sentences using the necessary form of the verb in the Passive Voice:

1. Статья была переведена a) is translated
вчера. b) was translated

c) had been translated

2. Когда я пришел, статья a) was translated
переводилась студентами. b) was being translated

c) were being translated

3. Статья уже была переведена, a) had been translated
когда я пришел. b) has been translated

c) had translated

4. Статью будут переводить a) will be translated

завтра на уроке. b) will have been translated

c) is being translated

 

7.Translate into English, using the verbs in the Present, Past or Future Indefinite Passive.

Мне рассказали - Мне рассказывают - Мне расскажут

Мне показали - Мне показывают - Мне покажут

Нас спросили - Нас спрашивают - Нас спросят

Нам ответили - Нам отвечают - Нам ответят

Ему помогли - Ему помогают - Ему помогут

Ему посоветовали - Ему советуют - Ему посоветуют

Их пригласили - Их приглашают - Их пригласят

Его позвали - Его зовут - Его позовут

Ее отправили - Ее отправляют - Ее отправят

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