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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Ex.1.Read the text and give a short summary of it.
Ex.2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms. The ancient name of the place, it is originated from the name of, it was convenient, one could meet merchants from all over Kazakhstan, produced by local craftsmen, the young state turned to the history, the ancestors the city received back its original name, numerous caravan routs gave birth to cities, the event occurred on, overall condition of the city, all these factors came to be decisive in making the choice. Ex.3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following. Известен как, совет представителей, военное сооружение, ярмарка, молочные продукты, определяет название, предки, впоследствии, принимать решение, основная причина, перекресток, электроснабжение.
Ex.4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text. 1. The ancient … the place where Astana is situated today … as Karaotkel. 2. The caravan ford …. river to Karaotkel was convenient. 3. The wide assortment of …. products ….. by local craftsmen. 4. The young state turned …. history and the lost original roots. 5. According to …. Akmola steppes have always been a territory of … communication of various nations and cultures. 6. That decision was caused by …. location of the city in the centre of Kazakhstan and Eurasian continent
Grammar: Sequence of Tenses. Extension. A characteristic feature of the English language is the so-called Tenses: tense of the subordinate clause depends on the time of the main clause. This rule " tenses" is particularly difficult when the verb in the main clause verb is expressed in one of the forms of past vremeni.V case in subordinate clauses can not be used forms of the present and future tenses of verbs, although it is about the actions that take place in the present or will be made in the future. If the verb in the main clause is in a past tense, the verb in the subordinate clause and must be in one of the last times. Use the following scheme:
In such cases, there are three main options: 1. The action of the subordinate clause occurs simultaneously with the action of the main clause: in these cases, the verb in the subordinate clause is in the Simple Past or Past Continuous. (Simultaneously) For example: In such cases, there are three main options: 1. The action of the subordinate clause occurs simultaneously with the action of the main clause: in these cases, the verb in the subordinate clause is in the Simple Past or Past Continuous. (Simultaneously) For example: Я знал, что он ежедневно играет в теннис. I knew (that) he played tennis every day. Я знал, что он играет в теннис и мне не хотелось его беспокоить. I knew (that) he was playing tennis and I didn't want to disturb him. 2. The action of the subordinate clause precedes the action of the main clause: in such cases in the subordinate clause is used Past Perfect. (Precedence) For example: Я знал, что Билл ещё не успел прочесть моё письмо. I knew (that) Bill had not time to read my letter. 3. The action of the subordinate clause refers to a future time, and the action of the main clause - to the past, if a similar situation in the subordinate clause is used the so-called future in the past Future in the Past. (Adherence) For example: Я знал, что Билл придёт ко мне после 10 часов вечера. I knew (that) Bill would come to see me after 10 P.M. It should be borne in mind that the modal verbs can and may have in the past tense forms: could, might. Past form called modal verbs should be used in the predicate of the subordinate clause, if the verb in the main clause as in the past tense. For example: Он сказал, что не может прийти на вечеринку. He said (that) he could not promise to come to the party. Complied with the rules of tenses in subordinate additional proposals, including those in the indirect speech. In attributive, comparative, causal and other subordinate clauses, they do not work.
Ex.5.Fill in the blanks using appropriate verb forms. Observe the rule of the sequence of tenses.
1. I found that my son …………………… awake. 2. The pickpocket confessed that he …………………………. (pick) my pocket. 3. He was so tired that he ……………………….. scarcely stand. 4. He said that I …………………………… a lazy good-for-nothing boy. 5. No one could explain how the prisoner ………………………….. (escape) from the prison. 6. Euclid proved that the three angles of a triangle ………………………… equal to two right angles. 7. Italy went to war that she ……………………….. (extend) her empire. 8. The passage is so difficult that I ……………………… not comprehend it. 9. The boy was so indolent that he ……………………….. not pass. 10. In my perplexity I requested my guide to tell me what I ……………………….. to do.
Задания на СРО: Do grammar ex. 286-291 on pp. 63-64. (Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика английского языка. Санкт Петербург, 2003)
Unit 13 Theme: Customs. Traditions and Holidays in Great Britain Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech Objectives: By the end of this unit, students should be able to use active vocabulary of this theme in different forms of speech exercises. Students should be better at Customs. Traditions and Holidays in Great Britain Students should know the rule of Direct and Indirect Speech. Methodical instructions: This theme must be worked out during three lessons a week according to timetable. Lexical material: Introduce and fix new vocabulary on theme “Customs. Traditions and Holidays in Great Britain”. Discuss in groups customs and traditions of the country. Speak about the most interesting holidays of Great Britain. Grammar: Introduce and practice Direct and Indirect Speech.
Who are the British? Most people in Britain are English, Scottish or Welsh, but in some British cities you can meet people of many different nationalities. There is one London street, less than 300 meters long, with businesses run by Arabs, Greeks, Indians, Italians, Jamaicans, Nigerians, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish, as well as British. But is Britain a cosmopolitan society? It really depends on where you go. There are large areas of Britain untouched by immigration. In 1991, 5.5 per cent of the 57 million populations described themselves as belonging to an ethnic minority of Caribbean, African or Asian origin. However, in Scotland, Wales, the north and south-west of England only 1 per cent of the population belongs to an ethnic minority. Most members of ethnic minorities live in the South-East. In Greater London, they represent 20 per cent of the population. London's immigrants come from inside and outside Europe. There are almost the same numbers of Irish immigrants (3.8 per cent of the population) as Black Caribbean immigrants (4.4 per cent of the population). Many so-called " immigrants" are born in Britain: more than 36, 000 Londoners born in Britain describe themselves as " Black British" instead of " African" or " Afro-Caribbean". A tradition of immigration. People have been coming to Britain for centuries: some to get a better life, some to escape natural disasters, some as political or religious refugees. Many Irish people came to England in 1845 to escape famine, but usually they came to find work. Most of the roads, railways and canals built in the nineteenth century were made by Irish workers. The greatest wave of immigration was in the 1950s and 1960s. This happened not only in Britain, but also throughout Western Europe. Many companies needed people for unskilled or semi-skilled jobs. Britain advertised, particularly in the English-speaking islands of the Caribbean, for people to come to Britain and work. Other people came from Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Hong Kong. Many people came to Britain in the 1950s to work in hospitals, on the buses or for the railways. Topical vocabulary
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