ЧАСТЬ 2. ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ЧТЕНИЯ Система работы с текстом 56

Т.О. Ефимова

Е.А. Нагорнина

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Учебное пособие для самостоятельной работы студентов вузов

Краснодар 2015

Рецензенты:

Кондратьева Т. С., кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры общего и славяно-русского языкознания Кубанского государственного университета

Любина И.М.., кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры гуманитарных дисциплин Краснодарского кооперативного института (филиала) Российского университета кооперации

Автор:

Ефимова Т.О., кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры гуманитарных дисциплин Краснодарского кооперативного института (филиала) Российского университета кооперации

Ефимова Т.О. Английский язык. Учебное пособие для самостоятельной работы студентов ВПО/Краснодар: Краснодарский кооперативный институт, 2015.- 86 с.

Пособие составлено в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта ВПО по дисциплине «Иностранный язык». Содержит материал для самостоятельной работы студентов и методические рекомендации по их выполнению с целью закрепления знаний и формирования навыков делового общения.

Пособие предназначено для самостоятельной и аудиторной работы студентов всех направлений бакалавриата.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАПИСКА 4

ЧАСТЬ 1. ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ 6

МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ SOME, ANY, NO И ИХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ 9

МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ MUCH/MANY, (A) LITTLE/(A) FEW 11

СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ И НАРЕЧИЙ 13

ВИДО-ВРЕМЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЛАГОЛА 16

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН 30

Косвенная речь 31

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ И ИХ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ 33

ПАССИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ 36

ПРИЧАСТИЕ 39

ГЕРУНДИЙ 41

ИНФИНИТИВ 43

УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ 48

СЛОЖНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ 53

ЧАСТЬ 2. ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ЧТЕНИЯ Система работы с текстом 56

ЧАСТЬ 3. КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ 72

ЧАСТЬ 4. АНГЛО - РУССКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ТЕРМИНОВ 76

ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ВОПРОСОВ ДЛЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ К ЭКЗАМЕНУ 85

РЕКОМЕНДУЕМАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА 86

ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАПИСКА

Одним из требований Федерального Государственного образовательного стандарта высшего профессионального образования является формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетентности, позволяющей современному выпускнику эффективно решать профессиональные задачи, используя иностранный язык в качестве инструмента общения.

Иностранный язык является особой дисциплиной, освоение которой предполагает регулярные, систематические занятия. Учитывая дефицит аудиторных занятий, большая часть времени на овладение иностранным языком отводится на самостоятельную работу студентов. Данное методическое пособие по английскому языку предназначено для самостоятельной работы студентов всех направлений бакалавриата очной и заочной формы обучения. Оно призвано способствовать формированию у студентов следующих общекультурных и профессиональных компетенций:

- умение логически верно, аргументировано и ясно строить свою устную и письменную речь; способность свободно владеть литературной и деловой устной и письменной речью на русском языке, навыками публичной и научной речи, создавать и редактировать тексты профессионального назначении, анализировать логику рассуждений и высказываний;

- способность к социальному взаимодействию на основе принятых моральных и правовых норм, демонстрируя уважение к историческому наследию и культурным традициям, толерантность к другой культуре, готовность к поддержанию партнерских отношений. Способность к работе в коллективе, демонстрируя готовность к сотрудничеству;

- владение одним из иностранных языков на уровне бытового общения, понимание основной терминологии сферы своей профессиональной деятельности;

- владение одним из иностранных языков на уровне, обеспечивающем эффективную профессиональную деятельность.

Часть I. Грамматические упражнения дают возможность систематизировать знания грамматики английского языка, полученные ранее, и углубить их до уровня, предусмотренного Федеральным Государственным образовательным стандартом высшего профессионального образования для неязыковых вузов. Материал представлен таким образом, чтобы студенты сразу могли вспомнить основы грамматики английского языка, поскольку базовые правила предъявлены в сжатом формате в виде таблиц в начале каждого раздела. Упражнения составлены на материале распространенной экономической лексики, которая актуальна для всех направлений бакалавриата. Упражнения позволяют тренировать необходимые грамматические структуры и формируют основы словарного запаса в рамках делового общения. Упражнения повышенной сложности отмечены значком *.

Часть II. Тексты для чтения, подобранные из современных аутентичных источников, дают возможность студентам включиться в практическое освоение делового английского языка. Чтение и перевод текстов с полным охватом содержания готовят студентов к дальнейшей самостоятельной работе с англоязычной информацией. Ответы на вопросы к текстам помогают закрепить понимание прочитанного и совершенствовать коммуникативные навыки. Помимо этого, в начале раздела студентам предлагается перечень упражнений (система работы с текстом), которые могут варьироваться в зависимости от целей обучения и предпочтений студентов.

Часть III. Контрольные работы нацелены на проверку навыков чтения и перевода специальной литературы, необходимые специалистам в современных условиях и на контроль навыков использования грамматических структур в коммуникативных ситуациях делового общения.

Часть IIV. В этой части учебно-методического пособия прилагается словарь наиболее употребительных экономических терминов, что поможет студентам более эффективно выполнить задания и пополнить свой лексический запас.

ЧАСТЬ 1. ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Число	Падеж
Единственное	Множественное	Общий Who? What?	Притяжательный Whose?
a worker	workers	The boy reads a book.	The boy’s book was open. The boy’s books was open.
a class	classes
a hero	heroes	The book of the boywas open.
a wife	wives
a country	countries	The books of the boysware open.
a man	men
a woman	women
a child	children

Исчисляемые предметы, объекты, явления	Неисчисляемые вещества, обобщающиеся понятия, отвлеченные понятия
acity – cities	города	Time	время
a family - families	семьи	Money	деньги
aproblem – problems	проблемы	Furniture	мебель
apicture – pictures	картины	Bread	хлеб
an action – actions	действия	Imagination	воображение

Существительные, имеющие форму только единственного числа:

Advice, applause, behaviour, commerce, damage, equipment, evidence, furniture, harm, information, insurance, knowledge, lightning, luggage, merchandise, money, news, nonsense, practice, produce, progress, research, rubbish, scenery, scope, thunder, travel, trouble, weather, work.

Существительные, имеющие форму только множественного числа:

Clothes, contents, earnings, expenses, feelings, goods, jeans, police, remains, scissors, surroundings, trousers.

Конструкция «существительное + существительное»:

В конструкциях данного типа функцией впереди стоящего существительного является определение второго

существительного. Существительных, выполняющих определительную функцию, может быть более одного.

Example 1: a job description;

Example 2: a company credit card.

Притяжательный падеж существительных:

Существительное с суффиксом -'s (-s') вместе со следующим за ним существительным образует притяжательную конструкцию.

Example 1: the computer's memory – the computers' memory.

Принадлежность можно выразить использованием предлога " of": Example 2: profits of the company.

Упражнение 1. Определите исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные:

Factory, employment, news, job, work, profit, progress, car, transport, information, article, merchandise, firm, employee, money, banknote, company, customer, research, insurance, team, boss, cash.

Упражнение 2. Соотнесите исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные с одинаковыми значениями:

Traffic, equipment, insurance, machines, accidents, cars, employment, policies, travel, advice, news, laws, legislation, damage, jobs, journey, bulletins, hints.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильный вариант:

1. Statistics is/are a subject about which I know very little.

2. Where is/are the goods we ordered?

3. Information is/are very important for running business.

4. The money was/were acquired by dishonest means.

5. The news about this new company is/are inspiring.

6. In this job experience is/are more important than qualifications.

7. His advice was/were very useful.

8. Mathematics is/are often used as a test of intelligence.

Упражнение 4. Перефразируйте следующие словосочетания и предложения, употребляя притяжательный падеж.

1. The report of this agency. 2. The secretary of that Boss. 3. The contracts of the partners. 4. The strategy of our company. 5. The meeting of their staff. 6. The logo of that manufacturer. 7. The merger of these firms. 8. The orders of the companies. 9. The rules of Steve Jobbs. 10. The profit of this partnership. 11. The new idea of their suppliers. 12. The message of Pete. 13. The car of my customer.

*Упражнение 5. Исправьте ошибки:

1. The news are bad, I'm afraid.

2. She knows a great many persons.

3. Stress at work is not a recent phenomena.

4. Our office is situated in a pleasant surrounding.

5. The staffs are unhappy with the new arrangements.

Упражнение 6.Подберите соответствующий перевод:
1. work experience	a. чековая книжка
2. a bank loan	b. страхование жизни
3. market research	c. сокращение расходов
4. a cheque book	d. зарубежный филиал
5. overseas branch	e. опыт работы
6. savings account	f. стратегия компании
7. a sales manager	g. исследование рынка
8. life insurance	h. менеджер по продажам
9. company strategy	i. банковская ссуда
10. cost reductions	j. сберегательный счет

Упражнение 7. Образуйте по две конструкции " существительное + существительное" из слов в каждой строчке:

1. profits, course, training, company;

2. staff, forecast, meeting, sales;

3. card, store, credit, department;

4. Internet, sale, summer, access;

5. figures, price, inflation, range;

6. survey, market, hour, rush;

7. technology, keys, car, information;

8. assistant, shop, failure, power;

9. shopfloor, working, worker, lunch;

10. insurance, loan, contract, bank;

11. features, costs, production, product;

12. market, marketing, budget, leader.

Упражнение 8. Составьте предложения таким образом, чтобы полностью сохранился смысл первого предложения:

1. I'll see you in the room we use for meetings in ten minutes.

I'll see you in the meeting room in ten minutes.

2. This pen doesn't belong to me.

This isn't ____________________.

3. This pen doesn't belong to me.

This pen isn't ____________________.

4. These documents belong to James.

These are ____________________.

5. Margaret met one of her colleagues at the conference.

Margaret met a ____________________at the conference.

6. What is your boss called?

What ____________________name?

7. You should consult an expert in law about companies.

You should consult ____________________law.

8. This graph shows the figures for sales for last year.

This graph ____________________for last year.

9. I just sent an email to one of our customers.

I just sent an email to a ____________________.

10. I'm going on a course to train managers.

I'm going on ____________________course.

МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ SOME, ANY, NO

И ИХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ

Утвердительные предложения
Some Некоторый Несколько	Somebody Someone Кто-то	Something Что-то
Вопросительные предложения
Any Какой-то	Anybody Anyone Кто-то	Anything Что-то
Отрицательные предложения
No; not any Никакой Ни один	Nobody; not anybody No one; none Никто	Nothing; not anything Ничто; Ничего

Упражнение 9. Заполните пропуски словами:

Anyone, anything, anything, everyone, everything, no one, nothing, someone, something, something:

1. It's just not right. _____ is worrying me about this.

2. The office is empty. There's _____ here except me.

3. I'm sorry, I don't think there's _____ I can do to help you.

4. (The telephone line is dead) Hello? Is there _____ there?

5. There's _____ to see you. Shall I ask them to wait?

6. _____ seems to be wrong with the printer. It's not working.

7. I see that _____ has a copy of the agenda, so let's begin.

8. (Before moving on to the next point in a meeting) Is there _____ else?

9. Good, _____ is going according to a plan.

10. No, I've decided. _____ you could say would make me change your mind.

Упражнение 10. Выберите правильный вариант:

1. We can't blame anyone/no one but ourselves for this mess.

2. There's anything/nothing in the post for you this morning.

3. There isn't anything/nothing in the post for you this morning.

4. Anyone/someone could for you earlier, but I don't know who.

5. Isn't there anywhere/nowhere to go that's open at this time of night?

6. Can I ask you anything/something?

7. There's anyone/someone on the phone to speak to you.

8. You can do anything/something you want, it won't make any difference.

9. Sorry, I don't know anything/nothing about it.

10. No one/someone knew what to do, so I used my own initiative.

МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

MUCH/MANY, (A) LITTLE/(A) FEW

с исчисляемыми сущ-ми - many	с неисчисляемыми сущ-ми -much
Много a lot of

many cities many pictures a lot of problems	much time much money a lot of money
с исчисляемыми сущ-ми – few - мало (a) few - несколько	с неисчисляемыми сущ-ми – little - мало (a) little - немного
Мало
fewfamilies (a) few friends	little imagination (a) little furniture

Упражнение 11. Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных:

1. How much/How many pages are there on your website?

2. Is/Are there many/much banks with a head office in Geneva?

3. Is/Are there many/much traffic in Geneva?

4. How much/how many information have we got about this company?

5. I‟ m afraid we haven‟ t got much/many time.

6. We have some/any blue ones in stock, but we don‟ t have some/any red ones.

7. You can choose some/any colour you want.

8. There is too little/few information to make a decision.

9. The news is on in a few/a little minutes.

10. A few/A little employees have 25 days‟ paid holiday.

Упражнение 12. Вместо пропусков вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова: many, much, few, a few, little, a little.

1. __________ decisions are made without __________ thought.

2. I like __________ Australian wines but not all of them.

3. I‟ ve got __________ cash on me, but not __________.

4. __________ employees enjoy being appraised.

5. We haven‟ t made __________ progress recently.

6. Very __________ people read philosophy for pleasure.

*Упражнение 13. Исправьте ошибки:

1. He didn't reply enough fast.

2. The flood caused many damage.

3. What she said was a few strange.

4. The whole process uses very few electricity.

5. I enjoyed few of her books.

6. We haven't made many progress recently.

7. I don't think he has experience enough for the job.

8. She works mostly on her own so she has very little colleagues.

9. I've got few minutes to spare so we can continue if you like.

10. The final date for submission was three weeks ago so it's far very late now.

Формы английского глагола

	V	V2	V3	Ving
Правильные глаголы	love start	loved started	loved started	loving starting
Неправильные глаголы	be have do	was, were had did	been had done	being having doing

ФОРМУЛЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ВРЕМЕН АНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЛАГОЛА Действительный залог. / Субъект выполняет действие /
	Indefinite Действие обычное, привычное, характерное, повторяющееся	Continuous Действие, продолжающееся в процессе, либо в момент речи о нем	Perfect Действие, уже совершенное, но имеющее связь с настоящим моментом своим результатом	Perfect-Continuous Действие, продолжающееся в процессе, при этом сообщается, сколько оно уже длится и с какого момента
Present (+)	____ V . He(she, it)Vs.	I am +Ving He(she, it)is +Ving We (they)are +Ving	____ have+V.3. He(she)has+V.3	____ have been+ Ving He(she, it)has been+ Ving
(? )	Do ___ V? Does he (she, it) V?	Am is _____ Ving? are	Have ____ V.3? Hasshe(he)V.3?	Have ____ been Ving? Hasshe(he, it)been Ving?
(-)	____ don’tV . He(she) doesn’t Vs.	I am notVing He(she, it)isn’tVing We(they)aren’tVing	____haven’tV.3. He hasn’t V.3	____ have not been+Ving He(she, )hasn’t been+Ving.
Past (+)	_____ V.2, (Ved)	_____ was+Ving _____ were+Ving	_____ had +V.3.	_____ had been+ Ving.
(? )	Did ___ V?	Was _____ Ving? Were _____ Ving?	Had ____ V.3?	Had ____ been Ving?
(-)	_____ didn’t V. _____(Ved)	_____ wasn’t+Ving _____ weren’tVing	____ hadn’tV.3.	_____ had not been Ving.
Future (+)	I (we)shall V. _____ will V	I(we)shall be+Ving ___ will be+Ving	___shall have+V3 ___will have+V3.	_____ shall have been+Ving _____ will have been+Ving
(? )	Shall I (we)V? Will _____ V?	Shall I(we)be Ving? Will ____ be Ving?	ShallIhaveV3? Will ___ haveV3?	Shall Ihave beenVing? Will Ihave beenVing?
(-)	I (we)shall not V. _____ will notV	Ishall not be+Ving __will notbeVing	__shallnothaveV3 __willnothaveV3.	I shall not have beenVing. ____ will not have beenVing

Способы выражения действий в настоящем
Время действительного залога английского глагола	Характеристика обозначаемого действия	Пример на русском языке	Соответствующее предложение на английском языке
Present Indefinite	Действие обычное, привычное, характерное, повторяющееся	Я готовлю обед по воскресеньям.	I cookdinner on Sundays.
Present Continuous	Действие продолжается в момент речи о нем (глаголы hear, see, know, understand, like, want, seem, wish не употребляются в Present Continuous)	Я готовлю обед сейчас.	I am cooking dinner now.
Present Perfect Continuous	Действие длится в настоящий момент, при этом сообщается, сколько оно уже длится и с какого момента	Я готовлю обед уже 2 часа. Я готовлю обед с самого утра.	I have been cooking dinner for 2 hours. I have been cooking dinner since morning.

Способы выражения действий в прошлом
Время действительного залога	Характеристика обозначаемого действия	Пример на русском языке	Соответствующее предложение на английском языке
Past Indefinite	Действие обычное, привычное, харак- терное, совершен- ное в прошлом	Я приготовил обед вчера	I cooked dinner yesterday



Past Indefinite	Ряд последователь- ных действий	Я взял овощи, помыл, нарезал и приготовил борщ	I took vegetables, washed them, cut them and cooked cabbage soup
Past Continuous	Действие, длившееся в опре- деленный момент в прошлом	Вчера в 2 часа дня я готовил обед	1 was cooking dinner at 2 o'clock yesterday
Present Perfect	Сообщение в на- стоящем об одном, единичном действии, имевшем место в прошлом, но не имеющем указания на время, когда оно произошло	Я (уже) при- готовил обед	1 have cooked dinner
Past Perfect	Действие произошло ранее какого- то определенного момента в прошлом или ранее другого действия в прошлом	Вчера, к 2 часам дня, я уже приготовил Обед. Я приготовил обед, до того, как ты принес поваренную книгу.	I had cooked dinner by 2 o'clock yesterday. I had cooked dinner before you brought a cook-book.
Past Perfect	Действие длилось в Определенный момент в прошлом, при этом из кон- текста ясно, сколько оно длилось к этому моменту	Я уже целый час готовил обед, когда вы пришли. Я уже целый час готовил	I had been cooking dinner for an hour when you came

Способы выражения действий в будущем
Время действительного залога	Характеристика обозначаемого действия	Пример на русском языке	Соответствующее предложение на английском языке
Future Indefinite Конструкця to be going to	Действие в отдаленном или неопределенном будущем Намерение совершить действие в будущем	Я буду варить обед. Я собираюсь варить обед.	I shall cook dinner. I am going to cook dinner.
Future Continuous	Действие будет происходить в определенный момент в будущем	Я буду готовить обед, когда вы вернетесь.	I shall be cooking dinner when you come back.
Future Perfect	Действие будет завершено к какому-то моменту или событию в будущем	Я приготовлю обед к 5 часам.	I shall have cooked dinner by 5 o'clock.
Present Continuous	Действие, запланированное в ближайшем будущем	Я буду готовить обед утром.	I am cooking dinner in the morning.

Упражнение 19. Выберите подходящий вариант из предложенных:

1. You often work/Do you often work at the weekend?

2. I don’t know/not know why your invoice hasn‟ t been paid. I‟ ll try to find out.

3. Excuse me, does you know/do you know if this is the way to the IT seminar?

4. Sorry, that projector don’t work/doesn’t work. Use this one instead.

5. A: Do you know our new sales rep Martha?

B: Yes, I do/Yes, I know.

6. A: Is that Linda Napier over there?

B: Yes, she works/she do work here.

7. I writing/I’m writing the report at the moment.

8. They not replying/They are not replying to my e-mails. I‟ ll have to phone them.

9. Why is there such a long delay? What is happening/is happen?

10. You are enjoying/Are you enjoying this conference?

11. Can Karen call you back? She’s speak/She’s speaking on another line.

12. A: Is Sarah Kennedy expecting me?

B: Yes, she’s expecting/Yes, she is.

Упражнение 20. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму:

Claude, _______ (you/know) Joao? Joao _______ (be) from Brazil, but he worked with me in Paris last year. He _______ (know) a lot about your line of work.

Really! Well I _______ (be) very pleased to meet you, Joao.

Pleased to meet you too, Claude

So, what exactly _______ (you/do)?

I _______ (work) in the oil industry as a market analyst.

Oh, so you _______ (make) decisions about levels of production?

No, I _______ (not make) any decisions really. My job _______ (involve) studying market trends and giving advice on level of production.

Still, that‟ s a lot of responsibility.

Well, yes, but Brazil _______ (not be) a major producer like Saudi Arabia. What about you?

I work for a French company that _______ (supply) specialized equipment to the oil industry. We _______ (be) one of the biggest companies in our market.

Oh, really? And _______ (you/often/come) to London?

Yes, quite often. My company _______ (have) an office here. It _______ (not/take) long to get here now, if you travel by Eurostar. Could I give you my card?

Упражнение 21. Выберите подходящий вариант из предложенных:

1. A: What do you do/are you doing?

B: I‟ m an executive secretary.

2. A: What do you do/are you doing?

B: I‟ m looking for the details on the computer.

3. A: Where do you work/are you working?

B: Paris this month, then Bonn the next.

4. A: Where do you work/are you working?

B: At our head office in Paris.

5. My name‟ s Walter, and I come/I’m coming from Frankfurt.

6. I come/I’m coming to Frankfurt next Thursday – I can call in to your office.

7. I deal with/I’m dealing with Andrew‟ s clients while he is on holiday.

8. I deal with/I’m dealing with the paperwork and general administration.

9. A: Who do you go/are you going to the Trade Fair with?

B: This year with Stefano.

10. A: Who do you go/are you going to the Trade Fair with?

Упражнение 22. Поставьте глаголы и скобок в Past Indefinite или Present Continuous:

1. I ______ (look at) the details on the screen right now.

2. I ______ (look at) the sales results in detail every month.

3. The production line ______ (not, work) at weekends.

4. The production line ______ (not, work) at the moment.

5. Yes, I agree. I ______ (think) it‟ s a good idea.

6. I ______ (think) about it. I‟ ll let you know tomorrow.

7. Helen ______ (stay) at the Astoria while she is in Madrid this month.

8. Helen ______ (stay) at the Astoria when she is in Madrid.

9. We ______ (take) a sample for testing once a day.

10. We ______ (take) a big risk if we go ahead with the project.

11. They ______ (be) usually very flexible if we need to change the order.

12. They ______ (be) flexible about giving us credit for a few more months.

*Упражнение 23. Исправьте неправильные предложения. Учтите, что не во всех предложениях есть ошибки:

1. Which wine are you going to have?

2. Which wine are you preferring?

3. That‟ s ridiculous – I‟ m not believing it!

4. That‟ s ridiculous – I‟ m not doing business with them again!

5. I‟ m sorry, I‟ m not following what you‟ re saying.

6. I‟ m sorry, I‟ m not understanding what you‟ re saying.

7. This building is containing all the printing machines.

8. This building is getting very old – soon we‟ ll have to move.

*Упражнение 24. Заполните пропуски глаголами в форме Past Indefinite: go, take, think, sell, like, have(2), make(2), be(4), buy

Hi, Jill. You (1) ______ to the Milan Fashion Show last week, didn‟ t you? (2) ______ you ______ a good trip?

Yes, it was great.

(3) ______ you ______ any useful contacts?

Well, there (4) ______ loads of people at the show, and I (5) ______ a lot of good contacts but we (6) ______ nearly as many orders as last year.

Oh, why was that? (7) ______ they ______ our new styles?

No, no, that (8) ______ the problem. The shoes (9) ______ really well, but we (10) ______ so successful with some of our other products, like handbags, for example, and there (11) ______ much more competition this year.

Who from?

Well, the Paul Smith stand was really busy.

Oh, but his clothes are expensive ______ Um, (12) ______ people at the show ______ our prices were too high?

Possibly. But we (13) ______ the authority to lower them at the time.

Oh, what a shame. So it was a waste of a trip then?

Well, not exactly ______ I(14) ______ this great pair of Prada shoes and this Gucci handbag

Упражнение 25. Выберите подходящий вариант из данных:

1. A: What was she doing this morning?

B: She interviewed/was interviewing candidates for the sales job.

2. A: How did Brenda spend her holiday?

B: Most days she went/was going to the beach.

3. A: What happened after you launched the product?

B: While we promoted/were promoting it, our main competitor dropped/was dropping their prices.

4. A: I didn‟ t see you in the office last week.

B: No, I worked/was working at home for a few days.

5. A: What did Pat do when she saw the artwork?

B: She called/was calling the designers and said/was saying it wasn‟ t suitable.

6. A: Why did Renata take so long to get here?

B: She said they mended/were mending the road and so the traffic moved/was moving very slowly.

Упражнение 26. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous:

1. What ______ (eat) when you ______ (go) to Paris?

2. While I ______ (negotiate) the contract, my boss ______ (phone) me to say that he wanted completely different conditions.

3. The last time something like this ______ (happen), she ______ (call) a press conference immediately.

4. Anne ______ (explain) her proposal when Pedro ______ (interrupt) her.

5. We never got the chance to interview him. While we ______ (investigate) the incident, he ______ (resign).

6. When he ______ (finish) reading the article, he ______ (give) it to me.

7. Everyone ______ (wait) for the meeting to begin when he ______ (call) to say that he was stuck in a traffic jam.

8. When I ______ (clean) the piece I ______ (look) for some other documents.

9. I ______ (find) the missing file while I ______ (look) for some other documents.

10. When Tim ______ (arrive), we ______ (tell) him what had happened.

Упражнение 27. Выберите подходящий вариант из данных:

1. While I looked/was looking for my keys, I suddenly remembered I left/had left them at home.

2. In those days the unions used to/had used to go on strike whenever there was/was being a problem.

3. After they were buying/had bought the company, they started/were starting to make a lot of people redundant.

4. Jack used to have/was having a Mac, but then he used to change/changed to a PC.

5. I asked about my package in reception, but they said/were saying that it still hadn’t arrived/wasn’t arriving.

6. I was sure that I used to lock/had locked the door to my office last night, but it was/had been open this morning.

7. I‟ m sure that the winters used to be/had been colder when I was a child. I remember that we used to walk/were walking to school in the snow every winter.

8. I had gone/went back to the restaurant to look for my umbrella, but found/was finding that someone took/had taken it.

9. When George saw/was seeing Diane at the seminar, he knew/was knowing that he met/had met her somewhere before.

10. While I had/was having breakfast I looked/was looking at the financial pages to see the share prices. I saw/was seeing that my original investment grew/had grown by over 40%.

Упражнение 28. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в Pas tIndefinite или в Past Perfect:

1. After she ______ (make) a few notes, she ______ (start) writing the introduction to the Annual Report.

2. Gary ______ (be sure) that he ______ (set) the alarm before leaving the office.

3. I ______ (call) my wife on my mobile because the meeting ______ (still not finish).

4. Once I ______ (speak) to him, I ______ (realise) there had been a misunderstanding

5. After Jill ______ (give) her first presentation, she ______ (feel) much less nervous.

6. Before Edite ______ (become) Michael Edward‟ s personal assistant she ______ (already work) in the company for two years.

7. I ______ (not see) the figures before the meeting, so it ______ (put) me at a disadvantage during the discussion.

8. Sorry it took so long. I ______ (have to) go down to the store room because we ______ (run out of) paper for the photocopier.

9. The train ______ (stop) by the time I ______ (get out of) the taxi.

10. I ______ (be) surprised to find that she ______ (already leave).

Упражнение 29. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в Past Indefinite, Past Continuous или в Past Perfect:

Interviewer: So, Alan, why did you quit your last job?

Alan: Well, at the time I (1) ______ (work) as a financial officer for an International Accountancy firm in London. I (2) ______ (be) in the same company for three years.

Interviewer: How (3) ______ (you/get) the job?

Alan: Just after I (4) ______ (finish) university I (5) ______ (go to a job fair. I still (6) ______ (decide) what I wanted to do and I was interested to see what kind of jobs there (7) ______ (be) at the fair. While I (8) ______ (look) at information on one of the stands for a large international accountancy firm, someone (9) ______ (give) me an application form to fill in. I thought this might be a good career opportunity for me as I (10) ______ (already/take) some accountancy exams for my degree. So I (11) ______ (complete) the form and (12) ______ (send) it off. They (13) ______ (interview) me the following week and I got the job. At first I (14) ______ (feel) satisfied with the job, but as time went by, things (15) ______ (change) and I began to hate working there.

Interviewer: So what (16) ______ (go) wrong?

Alan: Well, the situation was this: I (17) ______ (work) for a person who was very difficult, er …very demanding … never satisfied. What‟ s more, my job (18) ______ (become) too repetitive and I really wanted to do something more creative. So, that‟ s why I resigned … I (19) ______ (not have) another job to go to, but I knew I (20) ______ (have) to make a change.

Упражнение 30. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в Present Perfect:

1. Are you sure it isn't working? _______ (you/try) it?

2. I _______ (never/see) such a boring presentation.

3. Luckily, our customers _______ (not/complain) about the price rise.

4. We _______ (already/spend) quite a lot of money on this project.

5. _______ (they/reply) to your last email?

6. I _______ (not/get) the figures to hand – can I call you back later?

7. Unemployment _______ (go/up) by 5% since January.

8. I‟ m sorry, she‟ s not here. She _______ (just/leave).

9. Their shares _______ (fall) by 15% since the merger.

10. _______ (you/ever/take) the Eurostar to Brussels?

Упражнение 31. Заполните пропуски словами: already, yet, ever, never, just, for, since, always:

1. The goods will be with you soon. They‟ ve _______ left our warehouse.

2. I‟ ve _______ had a great idea. Why don‟ t we launch a new range of colours?

3. We‟ ve known each other _______ more than twenty years.

4. I‟ ve _______ used my credit card on the Internet. I don‟ t think it‟ s safe.

5. I haven‟ t had a chance to speak to Magda _______, but I‟ m sure she‟ ll agree.

6. I‟ ve _______ worked in insurance, ever since leaving university.

7. I‟ m sorry he hasn‟ t called you back. He‟ s been in a meeting _______ lunchtime.

8. Have you _______ been to Sao Paulo? It‟ s completely different

From Rio.

*Упражнение 32. Заполните пропуски, выбрав подходящее слово из предложенных:

Mike, Sorry I haven‟ t contacted you (1) _______ last week, but I‟ ve been very busy. I‟ ve (2) _______ to Katowice in the south-west of Poland (3) _______ a few days, and I‟ ve (4) _______ returned to my hotel in Warsaw, from where I‟ m sending this email. I visited several firms when I was in Kato-wice and one of them looks quite promising. I‟ ve (5) _______ seen their factory, and I‟ ve got some product samples to show you. Unfortunately I haven‟ t met the guy in charge (6) _______ He wasn‟ t there – he‟ s (7) _______ to Gdansk and should be back next week. So, the trip has been quite successful (8) _______. Have you (9) _______ been to Central Europe? Every is changing very fast – I‟ ve (10) _______ seen so much building work going on. Anyway, I‟ ll email you again later in the week to let you know what‟ s happening. Regards, Steve.

1. A – for; B – since; C – just; D - so far

2. A – going; B – gone; C – being; D – been

3. A – for; B – since; C – already; D - so far

4. A – now; B – been; C – just; D - so far

5. A – yet; B – already; C – been; D – gone

6. A – just; B – already; C – now; D – yet

7. A – going; B – gone; C – being; D – been

8. A - so far; B – yet; C – just; D – now

9. A – yet; B – since; C – ever; D – never

10. A – yet; B – since; C – ever; D – never

Упражнение 33. Поставьте глаголы в подходящую форму в Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite или Past Perfect:

1. The company is doing very well. Last year sales _______ (go up) by 15%, and so far this year they _______ (go up) another 12%.

2. We _______ (operate) all Latin America. Recently we _______ (set up) branches in Peru and Ecuador.

3. This _______ (not look) like the right block. Are you sure we _______ (come) to the right address?

4. _______ (you/see) my laptop? I‟ m sure I _______ (leave) it here earlier.

5. I _______ (just/meet) Andrew from Sales _______ (you/know) him?

6. I _______ (never/speak) to him, but I _______ (speak) to his assistant on the phone yesterday.

7. I _______ (work) for WorldCom now - _______ (be) there for more than five years_______ (you /know) WorldCom?

8. I _______ (work) for WorldCom since last year, but now I _______ (want) to change jobs. _______ (you/hear) of any vacancies?

*Упражнение 34. Выберите подходящий вариант из предложенных:

1. A: Are you free next Tuesday morning?

B: Sorry, I’ll have//I’m having a meeting with Sue.

A: Oh, right. Well, what about Thursday?

2. A: What are your plans for next year?

B: We’ll open/we’re going to open a new factory in Hungary.

A: That sounds interesting.

3. A: What do you think about their new marketing campaign?

B: I think it’ll probably succeed/it’s probably succeeding.

A: Do you really?

4. A: What about tomorrow at around five thirty?

B: OK, I’ll see you then./I’m seeing you then.

A: Bye.

5. A: So as you can see, I‟ ve been thinking about this problem quite a lot.

B: Yes, I see. So, what are you going to do? /what are you doing?

A: Resign!

6. A: It would be nice to see you next week.

B: Yes, it would. Are you doing anything/Will you do anything on Wednesday?

A: No, I‟ m free.

Упражнение 35. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в одну из форм будущего времени. Используйте ''will'', ''be going to'' или Present Continious

1. Have you heard the news? Vivendy _______. (buy) Seagram.

2. I _______. (meet) Andrea at nine next Thursday morning outside the station.

3. I‟ ve just had a call from Richard – he _______ (be) late.

4. Next year _______. (be) the company‟ s centenary year.

5. This taxi driver is terrible. He _______.(have) an accident.

6. In the future video-conferences _______. _______ (probably replace) many international meetings.

7. We _______. (test) the new machine sometime next week.

8. I _______. (go) to Manchester on Friday.

9. Would you mind waiting for a moment? I _______ (not be) long.

Упражнение 36. Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных:

1. Tomorrow I’ll interview/I’ll be interviewing candidates all morning.

2. We will have moved/will be moving to our new premises in August.

3. We will have moved/will be moving to our new premises by August.

4. What time does your train/will your train leave?

5. Don‟ t forget to turn off the lights before you are leaving/you leave.

6. We can‟ t send the goods until we’ve received/we will receive a firm order.

7. We will be repaying/will have repaid the bank loan by December.

8. Unless they’re/they will be more reasonable, we‟ ll have to break off negotiations.

9. I was going to write/was writing to them, but I forgot.

10. I hope/I will hope to be able to speak at the press conference myself.

11. Our visitors are due to arrive/due arriving at 10.30.

12. I hope I won’t/I don’t hope I’ll be late for the meeting.

13. I think I won’t/I don’ think I’ll be late for the meeting.

14. When the contract is/will be ready, I‟ ll let you know.

15. Will we/shall we break for coffee now?

16. Sorry, I can‟ t speak now, I’ll just have/I’m just about to have a meeting

Упражнение 37. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Present Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future Perfect:

1. By the time all the papers are ready, the deadline _______. (pass).

2. The flight _______ (leave) at 1 pm and _______ (arrive) at 3.45.

3. I _______ (see) Nick tomorrow, so I can give him a message

4. This taxi is so slow. By the time we get there the meeting _______ (finish).

5. Sorry, I can‟ t see you on the 15th – I _______ (play) golf with a client.

6. I won‟ t do anything until I _______ (hear) from you.

7. Hurry up! By the time we arrive, the play_______ (start).

8. What _______ (you/learn) by the end of your course?

9. _______ (you/see) the conference room next Tuesday?

10. When I _______ (see) him, I‟ ll ask him.

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения стоит в одной из форм прошедшего времени, то и глагол-сказуемое придаточного дополнительного предложения должен стоять в одном из прошедших времен или в будущем с точки зрения прошедшего (Future in the Past).

I know that she worked in this company for five years.

Я знаю, что она работала в этой компании 5 лет.

He knew that she had worked in this company for five years.

Он знал, что она работала в этой компании 5 лет.

Время в прямой речи	Время в косвенной речи
Present Indefinite V Vs	Past Indefinite V.2
Present Continuous am is + Ving are	Past Соntinuous was+Ving were+Ving
Рresent Perfect have+V.3 has+V.3	Раst Pеrfect had+V.3
Раst Indefinite V.2	Раst Pеrfect had+V.3
Раst Perfect had+V.3	Раst Perfect had+V.3
Future Indefinite shall V. will V	Future Indefinite in the Раst should V. would V.
Future Continuous shall be+Ving will be+Ving	Future Continuous in the Раst should be+Ving would be+Ving
Future Perfect shall have+V.3 will have+V.3	Future Perfect in the Раst should have+ V.3 wouldhave+ V.3
Future Perfect Continuous shall have been+Ving will have been+Ving	Future Perfect Continuous in the Раst should have been+Ving would have been+Ving

Упражнение 38. Перепишите предложения в прошедшем времени:

1. I‟ m sure we will meet out targets.

2. The boards of Glaxo Wellcome and Smithkline Beecham announce that they have agreed the terms of a proposed merger.

3. The customers know that they respond quickly to demand.

4. The papers report that things were going well until the Asian stock market crash.

5. A recent survey shows that the number of single- parent families is increasing.

6. Marceting plans predict that sales growth will reach 7.7 per cent.

7. They believe that it is foolish to risk so much money on the new dotcom company.

8. The fax informs that Sun Advertising has beaten its main competitor.

9. Peter reports that the cost of using the Internet has increased.

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