Филиал ФГБОУ ВПО УГНТУ в г. Стерлитамаке

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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«УФИМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ НЕФТЯНОЙ

ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

Филиал ФГБОУ ВПО УГНТУ в г. Стерлитамаке

Учебно-методическое пособие

по дисциплине « Иностранный (английский язык)»

Для выполнения СРС

со студентами всех направлений и форм обучения

Часть 1

Уфа 2014

Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов 1-го курса дневного, вечернего и заочного отделений. В пособии содержится перечень грамматического материала, необходимого для усвоения студентами в 1семестре, варианты контрольных работ для самостоятельного выполнения.

Составитель Рахманова В.М., доцент, канд. филол. наук

Рецензент Каримова Р.Х., доцент, канд. филол. наук (кафедра германских языков Стерлитамакский филиал БашГУ)

Ó Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет, 2014

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Методическое пособие предназначено для студентов как дневного, вечернего и заочного отделений технических вузов. Материал предлагаемого пособия подобран с учетом требований программы по английскому языку для студентов высших учебных заведений.

Основными целями обучения иностранного языка в вузе являются:

- овладение студентами навыками иноязычного общения на высоком уровне;

- развитие способностей студентов использовать иностранный язык как инструмент общения в диалоге культур и цивилизаций современного мира.

По окончании курса дисциплины «Иностранный (английский) язык» студенты овладевают следующими иноязычными умениями:

Аудирование.

Студент должен понимать на слух монологическую, диалогическую речь в пределах изученного языкового материала при непосредственном общении и в звукозаписи.

Говорение.

Студент должен уметь вести беседу, интервью, дискуссию в пределах изученного материала. Студент должен уметь сделать распространенное устное сообщение на литературную, общественно-политическую или страноведческую тему; передать содержание прочитанного или прослушанного текста; дать оценку коммуникативной ситуации; выразить собственное мнение; дать характеристику персонажей; прокомментировать фрагмент фильма.

Чтение.

Студент должен владеть навыками ознакомительного, изучающего чтения научно-популярных, общественно-политических и художественных текстов; навыками выразительного чтения любых текстов.

Письмо.

Студент должен уметь орфографически правильно писать различные виды диктантов, изложений, сочинений в пределах изученного лексического материала; должен уметь выразить свои мысли в письменной форме, используя приемы описания, повествования, рассуждения.

Целью данного пособия являются:

- закрепление, углубление, расширение и систематизация полученных знаний и практических умений студентов;

- формирование умения правильного понимания английской речи и навыков грамотного применения грамматических явлений в устной и письменной формах речи;

- формирование у студентов навыков самостоятельного приобретения новых знаний, интереса к активной познавательной деятельности;

- формирование у студентов умения работать со справочной литературой.

Грамматический материал распределен по семестрам. До выполнения контрольной работы рекомендуется повторить теоретический материал.

Рекомендации по выполнению контрольной работы

1. Выполнять письменные контрольные работы следует на листах формата А 4 в печатном виде. Контрольная работа должна содержать титульный лист с основными элементами, где указываются также кафедра, при которой закреплена дисциплина, Ф.И.О. студента и преподавателя, группа, шифр, номер контрольной работы.

2. Контрольная работа выполняется в компьютерном варианте, необходимо соблюдать межстрочный интервал 1, 5 pt, поля справа 3 см. Обязательно вкладывайте оригинал текста контрольной работы в скоросшиватель.

3. Контрольные задания должны быть выполнены в той последовательности, в которой они даны.

4. Выполненные контрольные работы направляйте для проверки и рецензирования в университет в установленные сроки.

5. Если контрольная работа выполнена не в соответствии с указаниями или не полностью, она возвращается без проверки.

Исправление работы на основе рецензий

1. При получении от рецензента проверенной контрольной работы прочитайте внимательно рецензию, ознакомьтесь с замечаниями рецензента и проанализируйте отмеченные в работе ошибки.

2. Руководствуясь указаниями рецензента, проработайте ещё раз учебный материал. Все предложения, в которых были обнаружены орфографические, лексические и грамматические ошибки, а также неточности в переводе, перепечатайте начисто в исправленном виде в конце данной контрольной работы.

3. Отрецензированные и исправленные контрольные работы являются учебными документами, которые необходимо сохранять; помните о том, что во время зачёта или экзамена производится проверка усвоения материала, вошедшего в контрольные работы.

Консультации

Следует сообщать своему рецензенту обо всех затруднениях, возникающих у вас при самостоятельном изучении английского языка, а именно:

а) какие предложения в тексте вызывают затруднения при переводе;

б) какой раздел грамматики вам непонятен;

в) какие правила, пояснения, формулировки неясны;

г) какие упражнения и что именно в них представляется затруднительным.

СЕМЕСТР

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ МАТЕРИАЛ

1 Особенности произнесения гласных звуков английского языка. Изменение значения слова в зависимости от долготы и краткости гласного. Особенности произнесения согласных звуков английского языка.

2 Множественное число имен существительных. Выражение падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов, окончания 's и порядка слов.

3 Повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма.

4 Времена группы Indefinite (Simple) в действительном залоге.

5 Степени сравнения имен прилагательных и наречий.

6 Оборот there is (are).

7 Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I, Participle П.

8 Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present, Past и Future Indefinite (Simple).

9 Времена группы Continuous (Progressive) в действительном залоге.

10 Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, относительные.

11 Страдательный залог и особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

12 Простое распространенное предложение; порядок слов в повествовательном предложении в утвердительной и отрицательной формах; порядок слов в вопросительном предложении. Типы вопросительных предложений.

13 Словообразование - основные суффиксы и префиксы. Использование слов, одинаковых по форме, но представляющих собой' различные части речи. Артикли и предлоги как показатели имени существительного и его падежных отношений. Вспомогательные глаголы как средство образования временных форм.

VARIANT 1

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Long, quick, easy, interesting, carefully, comfortable.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. My brother is much... than myself. (young)

2. The opera theatre is one of... buildings in the city. (beautiful)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. (I)... family lives in Kiev.

2. (She)... friends often visit her.

3. There are some letters here for you and (I, me).

4. I know (she, her) and her sister very well.

5. Would you like to see some of (her, hers) poems?

6. (Their, theirs) home is pretty but (our, ours) is prettier.

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. Не... a good student.

2. They... old friends

3. She... one sister and two brothers.

4. We... a large library at school.

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. They are in Europe now.

2. She is a clever girl.

3. They have a new car.

4. Both brothers have red hair.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. We (read) the newspaper in class every day.

2. He always (prepare) his homework carefully.

3. We (work) in our garden all day yesterday.

4. I (listen) to the radio until twelve o'clock last night.

5. Helen (find) the book which you need.

6. They (see) us tomorrow.

7. Ann (be) absent from school yesterday.

8. The exercises in the last lesson(be) difficult.

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. He knows French perfectly.

2. I understand everything he says.

3. They stayed in Moscow all summer.

4. She planned her work well.

5. They will return in October.

6. These exercises will be easy for you.

7. The door of the office was open.

8. The wind last night was very strong.

9. We were pleased to receive your letter.

10. The door of the office was open.

7. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках:

1.Не arrived at ten o'clock. (What time)

2. They sat in the first row. (In which row)

3. My friend likes music very much. (Who)

4. She wants to visit Moscow. (What)

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

to build, to think, to go, to see, to give, to meet, to write, to read, to know, to take, to teach, to feel, to have, to come, to begin, to find, to get, to say, to tell, to put, to leave, to do, to sing, to lose, to stand.

VARIANT 2

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Short, cold, wide, progressive, efficient, clearly.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. The sound grew... and.... (faint)

2. The party was not so... as I had expected. (gay)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. (Не)... composition is very interesting.

2. (We )... son goes to school.

3. What is the matter with (he, him) today?

4. He explains the lesson to (we, us) each morning.

5. (Their, theirs) knowledge of the subject is not much superior to (our, ours).

6. You take care of (your, yours) things and I'll take care of (my, mine).

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. I... a teacher.

2. John... absent from class today.

3. We... many friends in Moscow.

4. Both brothers... red hair

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. She.has one sister and two brothers.

2. We have a large library at school.

3. Both brothers have red hair.

4. Harry's dog has а long tail.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. We always (play) tennis on Saturdays.

2. She (speak) several foreign languages.

3. He always (want) to learn English.

4. Ann and I (talk) over the telephone yesterday.

5. I (finish) the work inApril.

6. The shops (close) at noon today.

7. He will be able to meet us later.

8. Our drama society will present a new play this year.

9. She (be) in the same class as Nick last year.

10. We (be) tired after our long walk.

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. She makes mistakes in spelling.

2. They enjoy their English lessons.

3. The crowd waited a long time to see the famous actor.

4. He worked in that Institute for many years.

7. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках:

1. The performance lasted two hours. (How long)

2. He went to London to see some friends. (Why)

3. Speech is a kind of vibration. (What)

4. Painting is an ancient art. (What)

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

The Engineering Profession

Engineering is one of the most ancient occupations in history. Without the skills included in the broad field of engineering, our present-day civilization never could have evolved. The first toolmakers who chipped arrows and spears from rock were the forerunners of modern mechanical engineers. The craftsmen who discovered metals in the earth and found ways to refine and use them were the ancestors of mining and metallurgical engineers. And the skilled technicians who devised irrigation systems and erected the marvelous buildings of the ancient world were the civil engineers of their time.

Engineering is often defined as making practical application of theoretical sciences such as physics and mathematics. Many of the early branches of engineering were based not on science but on empirical information that depended on observation and experience.

The great engineering works of ancient times were 1 constructed and operated largely by means of slave labor. During the Middle Ages people began to seek devices and methods of work that were more efficient and | humane. Wind, water, and animals were used to provide energy for some of these new devices. This led to the Industrial Revolution which began in the eighteenth century. First steam engines and then other kinds of machines took over more and more of the work that had previously been done by human beings or by animals. James Watt, one of the key figures in the early development of steam engines, devised the concept of horsepower to make his customers understand the amount of work his machines could perform.

Since the nineteenth century both scientific research and practical application of its results have escalated. The mechanical engineer now has the mathematical ability to calculate the mechanical advantage that results from the complex interaction of many different mechanisms. He or she also has new and stronger materials to work with and enormous new sources of power. The Industrial Revolution began by putting water and steam to work; since then machines using electricity, gasoline, and other energy sources have become so widespread that they now do a very large proportion of the work of the world.

VARIANT 3

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Large, kind, long, clearly, beautiful, difficult.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. I have no one... than you. (near)

2. What is the... news? (late)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. You)... sister is young.

2. (They)... knowledge of the subject is very poor.

3. She sits near (I, me) during the lesson.

4. I always speak to (he, him) in English.

5. You take care of (your, yours) things and I'll take care of (my, mine).

6. All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. The weather... good today.

2. The sky... clear.

3. Harry's dog... a long tail.

4. Helen... a headache

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. They are in Europe now.

2. He is a student.

3. They have a new car.

4. She has green eyes.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. The children (play) in the park everу afternoon.

2. Helen (work) very hard.

3. They (live) in France for many years.

4. The meeting (last) about two hours.

5. We (arrive) at three o'clock.

6. She (tell) you all about it.

7. The weather (be) yesterday very warm.

8. There (be) a lot of students absent from class yesterday.

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. They live in Kiev.

2. We use our books in class.

3. We arrived home late.

4. He entered this class in April.

5. The lesson will be over at twelve o'clock.

6. There will be three new students in the class.

7. The wind last night was very strong.

8. He and his brother were sick two days ago.

7. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках:

1. The wind last night was very strong. (When)

2. He and his brother were sick two days ago. (Who

3. Every substance is a kind of matter. (What)

4. Metals are the best conductors of heat. (What)

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

9. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Continuous (Progressive):

1. They (wait) for us at the corner now.

2. I see that you (wear) your new suit today.

3. At seven o'clock, when you telephoned, I (read) the newspaper.

4. Mary (play) the piano when I arrived.

5. It probably (rain) when you get back.

6. If you come before six, I (work) in my garden.

10. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The little boy ate the cake.

2. The teacher corrects our exercises at home.

11.Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The class is taught by Mr. Smith.

2. It was designed by a French engineer.

3. This book is always read by the students of the first course.

4. The letter was left on the table.

12. Переведите текст, напишите 5 вопросов, раскрывающих основное содержание текста:

VARIANT 4

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Wide, early, big beautifully, regularly, prominent.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. Yesterday I came home... than usual. (late)

2. Ann sings far... than Nina. (well)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. (She)... friends often visit her.

2. (We)... son goes to school.

3. (We, us) always walk to school together.

4. He teaches (we, us) English.

5. I'm afraid they will take (your, yours) word against (her, hers).

6. (Their, theirs) home is pretty but (our, ours) is prettier.

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1.We... both students.

2. Mr. Smith... sick today.

3.They... a new car.

4. She... green eyes.

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. John is angry with you.

2. She is a good tennis player.

3.Mr. Smith's office has three large windows.

4. We have many friends in Moscow.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. They (take) a lot of trips together.

2. We always (travel) by car.

3. I (wait) almost two hours for Helen yesterday.

4. She (study) in our class last semester.

5. We (spend) two months in the South.

6. The plant (die) because of lack of sunshine.

7. I (be) hungry after so many exercises.

8. I (be) busy all day yesterday.

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1 The plane leaves at ten o'clock.

2. She always comes to class late.

3. They travelled there by train.

4. She decided to write a letter to her parents.

5. She will leave a message on the table for him.

6. They will write to us on Wednesday.

7. He and his brother were sick two days ago.

8. There were few passengers in the compartment.

7.Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках:

1.She put the mail on my desk. (Where)

2. He walked to school with Mary. (Whom with)

3. The Romans made portraits in stone. (Who)

4. Poor lighting makes a piece of sculpture look uninteresting. (What)

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

Reliability

Reliability is a basic requirement of any instrument, plant or machine. The most ingenious machine is nothing put useless unless it is reliable.

At present the main defect in any machine is the different service life of its parts. The first to break down are parts with friction, the most numerous in any machine. Until quite recently scientists differed in their explanations of why parts subject to friction break.

At present scientists at the Blagonravov Institute for the Study of Machines at the USSR Academy of Sciences are engaged in research into friction and wear-and-tear resistance. The results of their comprehensive research will extend the useful life of units with friction by thirty to fifty percent as compared with what we have now.

Sufficient reliability and long service life of highly complicated automatic complexes, spaceships and assembly lines can be ensured by the high quality of their components, their accurate assembly and continuous checking while in operation, as well as by detecting faults as soon as they appear. This means that instruments are necessary for checking metal billets; all kinds of test installations and multiple switching control devices by which temperature, pressure and density in any part of a system may be inspected a number of times over a period of only one second. We need diagnostic systems and many different types of flaw detectors and sensors because, as is known, reliability is the key which opens the way to large-scale automation.

VARIANT 5

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Big, near, late, brightly, especially, wonderful,

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. What is the... news? (late)

2. Yesterday I came home... than usual. (late)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. (He)... name is John.

2. (I)... family lives in Kiev.

3. I often see (they, them) in the bus.

4. She lives near (we, us).

5. You take care of (your, yours) things and I'll take care of (my, mine).

6. All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. The sky... clear.

2. We... both students.

3. She... one sister and two brothers.

4. We... a large library at school.

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. She is a clever girl.

2. It is cold today.

3. Mr. Smith's office has three large windows.

4. We have many friends in Moscow.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. We always (play) tennis on Saturdays.

2. She (speak) several foreign languages.

3. I (wait) almost two hours for Helen yesterday.

4. She (study) in our class last semester.

5. The meeting (begin) at eight o'clock.

6. The film (last) an hour.

7. I (be) busy all day yesterday.

8. We (be) good friends for many years.

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. I understand everything he says.

2. She makes mistakes in spelling.

3. The meeting lasted a long time.

4. They travelled there by train. )

5. They will write to us on Wednesday.

6. We shall take the children to the park.

7. There were few passengers in the compartment.

8. There was a very interesting lecture last Monday.

7. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках:

1. They spoke to us in French. (In what language)

2. He arrived home very late. (When)

3. She wants to visit Moscow. (Who)

4. Speech is a kind of vibration. (What)

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

VARIANT 6

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Fast, small, old, special, dependent, attentively.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. The opera theatre is one of... buildings in the city. (beautiful)

2. The sound grew... and.... (faint)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. (You)... sister is young.

2. (I)... family lives in Kiev.

3. She lives near (we, us).

4. (We, us) always walk to school together.

5. All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.

6. (Their, theirs) boat was faster than (our, ours).

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. They... old friends.

2. I... a teacher.

3. They... a new car.

4. She... green eyes.

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. The stamps are in my desk.

2. She is a good teacher.

3. Helen has a headache.

4. The secretary has a new computer.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. He always (prepare) his homework carefully.

2. We always (play) tennis on Saturdays.

3. I (listen) to the radio until twelve o'clock last night.

4. He always (want) to learn English.

5. The plant (die) because of lack of sunshine.

6. The meeting (begin) at eight o'clock

7. The exercises in the last lesson (be) difficult.

8. She (be) in the same class as Nick last year.

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. They enjoy their English lessons.

2. They live in Kiev He entered this class in April.

3. Ann passed all her examinations

4. These exercises will be easy for you.

5. He will be able to meet us later. )

6. There was a very interesting lecture last Monday.

7. There were two examinations last spring.

7. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках:

1. They sat in the first row. (In which row)

2. The performance lasted two hours. (How long)

3. Painting is an ancient art. (What)

4. He collects the paintings of old masters. (Who)

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

The machine-tools

How to make the work of people easier and more productive, how to improve machine-building, which technology and materials to apply — all these and other questions should be the constant objects of every engineer's attention and care.

The machine-tool is the original source of every object of our industrialized world. Automobiles, airplanes, diesel locomotives, washing machines, electric stoves and radio sets are made by machine-tools. But without the engineer the machine-tool couldn't function.

One engineer seldom deals with every phase of development of a complex mechanism, e. g. a steam turbine. Various specialists take part in its development: a mechanical engineer skilled in the application of thermodynamics, a chemical engineer utilizing all the by-products of the fuel used, an electrical engineer converting the mechanical energy into a conventional form of power, an engineer skilled in the calculation of stresses when designing the turbine blades, a production engineer planning the smooth flow of material into the finished product, as well as the research engineer who conceived the idea in the first place.

After all the components of the turbine have been developed into a complicated mechanism and detailed drawings have been made of all component parts, materials are ordered and routing of the materials is planned. Finally, when the planning engineer has ordered the material, the tool engineer has designed the tools and thе design engineer has given specifications on the drawings, production begins.

The finished components are assembled, inspected and moved from the factory to the consumer through a department directed by a sales engineer.

VARIANT 7

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Nice, young, large, comfortable progressive, efficient.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. The party was not so... as I had expected. (gay)

2. I have no one... than you. (near)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. (They)... knowledge of the subject is very poor.

2. (He)... name is John.

3. He teaches (we, us) English.

4. She sits near (I, me) during the lesson.

5. You take care of (your, yours) things and I'll take care of (my, mine).

6. All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. I... a teacher.

2. John... absent from class today.

3. Mr. Smith's office... three large windows.

4. We... many friends in Moscow.

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1.She is a good tennis player.

2. The stamps are in my desk.

3. We have many friends in Moscow.

4. Both brothers have red hair.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. She (speak) several foreign languages.

2. The children (play) in the park everу afternoon.

3. He always (want) to learn English.

4. Ann and I (talk) over the telephone yesterday.

5. She (tell) you all about it.

6. We (spend) two months in the South.

7. We (be) tired after our long walk.

8. The weather (be) yesterday very warm.

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. She always comes to class late.

2. I always take the same bus to work.

3. He worked in that Institute for many years.

4. We arrived home late.

5. Our drama society will present a new play this year.

6. The lesson will be over at twelve o'clock.

7. There were two examinations last spring.

8. There was a large picture in her room.

7. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках:

1. He went to London to see some friends. (Why)

2. She put the mail on my desk. (Where)

3. Metals are the best conductors of heat. (What)

4. The Romans made portraits in stone.(Who)

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

9. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Continuous (Progressive):

1. The bus (stop) for us now.

2. Please, be quiet! The baby (sleep).

3. The accident happened while they (travel) in the South.

4. When I got up this morning, the sun (shine) brightly.

5. At ten o'clock tomorrow morning she (have) her music lesson.

6. I (wait) on the corner for you at the usual time tomorrow morning.

1. The teacher returned our written work to us.

2. Mr. Smith will leave the tickets at the box-office.

11.Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. His report was listened to with great interest.

2. The film is much spoken about.

3. All the letters are looked through by the secretary.

4. All these books were published by this publishing house.

12. Переведите текст, напишите 5 вопросов, раскрывающих основное содержание текста:

Hero of Alexandria

About sixty years after the death of Archimedes, Hero of Alexandria was born. Nobody knows the exact date of his birth, but according to the best authorities, he lived about 150 В. С. In addition to being a great mathematician, he invented the siphon, the gear wheel, the pump, the water clock and the steam engine.

His book on mechanics translated into Arabic, was carefully studied by mechanics and engineers of the sixteenth century. In this remarkable book Hero lists and describes five simple ways by which an unusually heavy weight may be lifted and moved with minimum effort.
These five principles form the basis of all the machinery in the world today and, though described in detail by Hero, their practical application to machinery did not come about for more than a thousand years. They are: the lever, the wheel and axle, the pulley, the wedge, the screw.

While it is true that the invention of the screw is attributed to Archimedes and the wedge and the lever were known long before Hero's time, he was the man,
who showed for the first time that all machinery is based on these five important principles, and how to apply these principles to machinery — such as it was in these
early times.

Neither he nor anyone else of his time realized the importance of these inventions. Hero's book on pneumatics, which was translated into Italian in 1549 and later into English, described more than seventy totally useless inventions, most of which embody important basic principles.

Their main function was to entertain.

The siphon, that is essential to modern plumbing and sanitation, Hero saw as a sort of toy. Nineteen centuries later Robert Fulton would employ the power of steam for locomotion, but Hero used it to make a hissing sound of a rattlesnake. He discovered the pump, so vital to our civilization, but he used it only as a toy. Hero applied it for the automatic pumping of an organ where the air was supplied by wheel turning in the wind. The importance of pumps in industry was not realized until the middle of the sixteenth century, sixteen hundred years after the death of the inventor. Among his other inventions we find a slot machine placed in the temple for different purposes and some other inventions of this kind. It is doubtful whether any other inventors in history applied so many world-shaking ideas to what would appear to us as entertainments. But all this was in keeping with Greek reverence for philosophy and scientific theory and indifference to practical application.

The illustrations in these pages show a number of Hero's remarkable inventions. If you overlook their entertaining applications you will find in them the basic elements of all the machinery and many of the important inventions that were to follow centuries later.

VARIANT 8

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Kind, long, quick, beautifully, regularly, prominent.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. My brother is much... than myself. (young)

2. The sound grew... and.... (faint)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

I.... family lives in Kiev.

2. (She)... friends often visit her.

3. I always speak to (he, him) in English.

4. What is the matter with (he, him) today?

5. (Their, theirs) boat was faster than (our, ours).

6. I'm afraid they will take (your, yours) word against (her, hers).

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. We... both students.

2. Mr. Smith... sick today.

3. Helen... a headache.

4. The secretary... a new typewriter.

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. Both sisters are tall.

2. John is angry with you.

3. They have a new car.

4. She has green eyes.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. We always (travel) by car.

2. I (eat) lunch in the cafeteria every day.

3. The meeting (last) about two hours.

4. I (wait) almost two hours for Helen yesterday.

5. The shops (close) at noon today.

6. We (arrive) at three o'clock.

7. Here (be) a lot of students absent from class yesterday.

8. I (be) hungry after so many exercises.

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. We use our books in class.

2. The plane leaves at ten o'clock.

3. She planned her work well.

4. The crowd waited a long time to see the famous actor.

5. Our drama society will present a new play this year.

6. The lesson will be over at twelve o'clock. The wind last night was very strong.

7. He and his brother were sick two days ago.

1. They spoke to us in French. (In what language)

2. He arrived home very late. (When)

3. Poor lighting makes a piece of sculpture look uninteresting.(What)

4. We know little about early painters. (Who)

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

The Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell never planned to be an inventor. He wanted to be a musician or a teacher of deaf people. The subjects that he studied in school included music, art, literature, Latin and Greek. They did not include German, which most scientific and technical writers used in their books, or science or math.

Alexander's mother was a painter and a musician. His father was a well-known teacher. He developed a system that he called " Visible Speech", which he used to teach deaf people to speak. When Alexander was a young boy he and his two brothers helped their father give demonstrations of the system for doctors and teachers.

In 1863, when Alexander was only sixteen, he became a teacher in a boy's school in Scotland. He liked teaching there, but he still wanted to become a teacher of deaf people. He read all the books about sound that he could find, and started to work on some of his own experiments. Reading scientific books wasn't easy for him, but he worked very hard, and he learned a lot about the laws of sound.

He became interested in telegraph, and he tried to find a way to send musical sounds through electric wires. These experiments were not very successful.

Then Alexander was offered a job at the School for the Deaf in Boston, Massachusetts. He was so successful that he was able to open his own school when he was only twenty-five.

About this time Alexander became interested in finding way to send the human voice through an electric wire. He found an assistant, Tom Watson, who worked in an electrical shop and knew a lot about building electric machines. Tom and Alexander worked together to build a machine that people could use to talk to one another; over long distances.

After 2 years, the two young men were becoming discouraged. Then, one day, when they were working on a new transmitter, Alexander spilled some acid on himself. Tom Watson, who was alone in another room, heard a voice. The voice was coming through a wire to a receiver on the table! The voice was Alexander Graham Bell's! It was saying " Come here, Mr. Watson! I want you! "

The spilled acid was forgotten when Tom and Alexander realized that their talking machine worked.

The first permanent telephone line was built in Germany in 1877. And in 1878, the first telephone exchange was established in New Jersey. By 1915 a coast-to-coast telephone line was opened in the United States — 5440 kilometers from New York to San Francisco. Alexander Graham Bell was invited to open the new line, and he asked his old friend, Tom Watson, to help.

On the important day, January 25, 1915 Mr. Watson was in San Francisco and Mr. Bell was in New York City. Everyone expected to hear a serious, scientific speech.

The words that Mr. Bell chose to say were: “Come here, Mr. Watson! I want you! ”

VARIANT 9

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Late, fast, small, realistic, remarkable, special.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. The opera theatre is one of... buildings in the city. (beautiful)

2. Ann sings far... than Nina. (well)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. (We)... son goes to school.

2. She)... friends often visit her.

3. He explains the lesson to (we, us) each morning.

4. There are some letters here for you and (I, me).

5. I'm afraid they will take (your, yours) word against (her, hers).

6. (Their, theirs) home is pretty but (our, ours) is prettier.

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. Не... a good student

2. She and I... cousins.

3. Mr. Smith's office... three large windows.

4. We... many friends in Moscow.

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. They are members of the country club.

2. Both sisters are tall.

3. We have a large library at school.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. They (take) a lot of trips together.

2. We always (travel) by car.

3. I (wait) almost two hours for Helen yesterday.

4. She (study) in our class last semester.

5. They (see) us tomorrow.

6. I (finish) the work inApril.

7. I (be) busy all day yesterday.

8. We (be) good friends for many years.

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. They live in Kiev.

2. We use our books in class.

3. Ann passed all her examinations.

4. The meeting lasted a long time.

5. There will be three new students in the class.

6. She will leave a message on the table for him.

7. There were few passengers in the compartment.

8. There was a very interesting lecture last Monday.

1. Не arrived at ten o'clock. (What time)

2. They sat in the first row. (In which row)

3. He collects the paintings of old master.(Who)

4. Every substance is a kind of matter. (What)

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

The Pioneers

Karl Benz (1844-1929), the son of a railway engine-driver who died when Karl was two, studied engineering at the Karlsruhe Polytechnic. After various jobs he set up business, with successive partners in a very small way making two-stroke gas engines of his own design in 1880. Although he is entitled to be called the " inventor of the petrol car" he was reluctant to depart from his original design of belt driven horseless carriage which sold well in 1890s. Other designers were called in, and after 1902 Benz had little influence on the development of the motor car.

Frederick William Lanchester (1868-1946), son of an architect, made Britain's first four-wheeled petrol car of wholly native design, in 1895 with the help of his brother George. A small company was formed and production was begun late in 1899. Lanchester's designs were always unique and ahead of their time; he was responsible for many innovations which became accepted some years later. Those include a vibrationless, fully balanced engine, splined shafts, full-pressure lubrication, lightweight pistons, disk brakes, a preselector semiautomatic gearbox, worm drive, the torsional vibration damper, the harmonic balancer and more. " Doctor Fred" was also a pioneer authority and writer on aerodynamics, and for many years Consultant Engineer to the Daimler Co.

Henry Ford is usually credited with " inventing" mass-production, yet the idea originated many years earlier in the Connecticut clock trade and was developed in the American's small-arms industry. Henry Leland in America, De Dion Bouton in France and Lanchester in England all based their car production on fully interchangeable machined components, with the minimum of hand-fitting, some years before Ford.

VARIANT 10

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Fast, small, early, progressive, special, dependent.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. I have no one... than you. (near)

2. What is the... news? (late)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. (You)... sister is young.

2. (She)... friends often visit her.

3. She sits near (I, me) during the lesson.

4. I always speak to (he, him) in English.

5. All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.

6. (Their, theirs) boat was faster than (our, ours).

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