Text B. SOME MORE FACT ABOUT ANXIETY

With the common anxiety disorder a person worries about many things. Someone with generalized anxiety may worry excessively about school, the health or safety of family members, and the future. They may always think of the worst that could happen. Along with worry and dread people with generalized anxiety have physical symptoms such as chest pain, headache, tiredness, tense muscles, stomachaches, vomiting. Generalized anxiety can lead a person to miss school or avoid social activities.

Experts don’t know exactly what causes anxiety disorders. Several things seem to play a role including genetics, brain biochemistry, an overactive fight-flight response, stressful life circumstances, and learned behavior. Although everyone experiences normal anxiety in certain situations, most people even those who experienced traumatic situations don’t develop anxiety disorders. And people who develop anxiety disorders can get relief with proper treatment and care.

Anxiety disorders can be treated by mental health professionals or therapists. A therapist can look at the symptoms someone is dealing with, diagnose the specific anxiety disorder, and create a plan the person can get relief.

 

 

Role Play

You are Mr/ Miss Green, aged 18. You are anxious and have had thoughts of self-harm and of taking your own life but you have not made any detailed plans. Use these ideas to tell the doctor about your problems.

thoughts of self harm

hesitant when speaking (e.g. E, … no. Er, … not really)

no firm plans for harming self

last three or four days

anxious about exam

problems with friends/ relationships

loss of confidence

angry with self and world

worried about failure

worried about the amount of studying

anxious about the future

only studying

- You are a doctor. Listen to Mr/Miss Green. Talk with him/ her about the problems.

 

You are Mr/ Mrs Brown, aged 47. You are anxious about financial problems. Use these words to tell the doctor about your problem.

two months

anxious/ worried/ depressed

frustrated

family arguments

wife/ children unhappy

loss of job

loss of self-esteem

tried another job, part time work, didn’t succeed

age

no specific skills

want computer skills

- You are a doctor. Listen to Mr/Mrs Brown. Talk with him/ her about these difficulties.

 

 

LESSON 22

Грамматика: -ing формы (повторение), инфинитив цели, глаголы с

послелогами, глагол to fail

STRESS

Запомните:

over- приставка, которая переводится пере-, сверх, чрезмерно, лишний

I. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова:

overdose, overweight, overgrowth, overload, to overwork, to overestimate, to overeat, to overreact

II. Прочтите и переведите предложения с –ing формами:

1. Besides being important for industry oxygen is also important for medicine. 2. In addition to depending upon environment of the child depends on the condition of its health. 3. Mother insisted on my being examined by this physician. 4. On being relieved of an acute pain in the heart area the patient was allowed to sit up. 5. A researcher cannot draw a proper conclusion without having carried out numerous experiments. 6. Through being prescribed an effective treatment the patient made a quick recovery. 7. A tooth is covered with a thin layer of enamel preventing it from being destroyed. 8. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide being higher in the venous blood enables the passing of carbon dioxide from the blood into the air. 9. Being associated with the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood the respiratory rate and its depth change according to it. 10. On having been formed in the cortex conditioned reflexes determine many actions of the human being.

III. Прочтите следующие слова и дайте их русские эквиваленты:

situation [, sitju’eiSn], specific [spi’sifik], hormone [‘hO: moun], hypothalamus [, hQipou’TAlqmqs], signal [‘signql], produce [prq’djHs], metabolism [me’tqebqlizm], muscle [mAsl], glucose [‘glHkouz], energy [‘enqGi], effective [i’fektiv], person [pWsn], critical [‘kritikql], reserve [ri’zWv], immune [im’jHn], internalize [in’tWnqlQiz], substance [‘sAbstqns], chronic [‘krOnik], manage [‘mqeniG], method [‘methqd], regularly [‘regjulqli], realistic [riq’listik], negative [‘negqtiv], relaxation [, rilqk’seiSn], opposite [‘opqzit], expert [‘ekspWt], optimistic [, Opti’mistic]

IV. Выучите новые слова:

to create [krJ’eit] – создавать, производить

particular [pq’tikjulq] - особый

event [I’vent] – событие, случай

to provoke [prq’vouk] – провоцировать, вызывать

range [reinG] – ряд, круг

to respond [ri’spOnd] – отвесать, реагировать

response – ответ, реакция

to release [ri’lJs] – освобождать, выпускать

bloodstream - кровоток

rate – скорость, частота

vessel [‘vesql] - сосуд

to let – позволять, давать

to flow - течь

on alert [q’lWt] -наготове

pupil - зрачок

to dilate [dQi’leit] - расширяться

to improve [im’prHv] - улучшать

to cool - охлаждать

proper – правильный, подходящий, должный

to enhance [in’hRns] - увеличивать, усиливать, повышать

to reset [rJ’set] - вновь устанавливать

emergency [I’mWGqnsi] - крайняя необходимость

to avoid [q’void] - избегать

accident [‘qeksidqnt] - несчестный случай

to return [ri’tWn] - возвращаться

to deplete [di’plJt] - истощать, исчерпывать

to overwhelm [ouvq’welm] - переполнять

load - груз

liver [‘livq] - печень

abuse [q’bjHs] - злоупотребление

 

V. Прочтите и переведите однокоренные слова:

particular, particularly, particularity; stress, stressor, stressful, stressed; provoke, provoking, provoked; respond, response; able, ability, disability; produce, producing, produced, production; develop, developing, developed, development; act, active, activity, activate

VI. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:

particular events, to provoke stress, whole range of situations, to release into the bloodstream, heart rate, breathing rate, blood vessels, blood flow, to improve vision, to cool the body, to enhance a person’s ability, during emergency situations, to return to the normal state, to experience stress

VII. а). Найдите в словаре перевод следующих глаголов с послелогами:

to turn on, to turn off, to wear out, to take out, to flare up, to speed up, to stand by, to pump out

 

в). Заполните пропуски одним из этих глаголов:

1. Some hormones … heart rate and breathing rate.

2. The nervous system returns to its normal state and … to respond again when

needed.

3. Long-term stress can … the body’s reserves.

4. Stress response can cause problems when it overacts and can’t ….

5. Some people become angry and … their stress on others.

6. The symptoms of the illness can … under an overload of stress.

VIII. Подберите подходящее существительное к каждому глаголу:

1. to provoke a. vision

2. to speed up b. problems

3. to improve c. immune system

4. to produce d. glucose

5. to release e. the body’s reserves

6. to increase f. hormones

7. to cool g. disorders

8. to cause h. body’s energy

9. to wear out i. stress

10. to weaken j. the body

11. to develop k. heart rate

IX. Переведите предложения, используя инфинитив цели:

1. It takes me half an hour to get to the university.

2. To translate this text you can use dictionaries.

3. To pass exams successfully students should study well during the whole term.

4. Eat well to help your body function well.

5. What can we do to avoid stress?

6. To have a sense of calm it’s necessary to learn to relax.

7. The human body should be ready to meet an emergency situation.

X. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на глагол to fail:

1. The researcher failed to draw any conclusion from his numerous experiments. 2. The X-ray examination failed to prove the consolidation in the lung. 3. Nobody failed the examination in Physiology. 4. Sometimes in a man with impaired health phagocytes fail to destroy the invading microorganisms. 5. He fail in Biochemistry as he had not paid enough attention to this subject.

XI. Прочтите и переведите текст А:

Text A. WHAT IS STRESS

Stress is a feeling that is created when we react to particular events. The events that provoke stress are called stressors and they cover a whole range of situations. The human body responds to stressors by activating the nervous system and specific hormones. The hypothalamus signals the adrenal glands to produce more of the hormones adrenaline and cortisol and release them into the bloodstream. These hormones speed up heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. Blood vessels open wider to let more blood flow to large muscle groups, putting our muscles on alert. Pupils dilate to improve vision. The liver releases some of its stored glucose to increase the body’s energy. And sweat is produced to cool the body. All of these physical changes prepare a person to react quickly and effectively to handle the pressure of the moment.

This natural reaction is known as the stress response. Working properly the body’s stress response enhances a person’s ability to perform well under pressure. But the stress response can also cause problems when it overreacts or fails to turn off and reset itself properly.

The stress response (also called the fight and flight response ) is critical during emergency situations such as when a driver has to slam on the brakes to avoid the accident. The nervous system quickly returns to its normal state standing by to respond again when needed.

But stress doesn’t always happen in response to things that are immediate or that are over quickly. Long-term events, like coping with a divorce or moving to a new neighbourhood or school, can cause stress too. Long-term stressful situations can produce a lasting, low-level stress that’s hard on people. The nervous system senses continued pressure and may remain slightly activated and continue to pump out extra stress hormones over an extended period. This can wear out the body’s reserves. leave a person feeling depleted or overwhelmed, weaken the body’s immune system, and cause other problems. So enough stress can be a good thing, stress overload is a different story – too much stress isn’t good for anyone.

Everyone experiences stress a little differently. Some people become angry and act out their stress or take it out on others. Some people internalize it and develop eating disorders or substance abuse problems. And some people who have a chronic illness may find that the symptoms of their illness flare up under an overload of stress.

 

TASKS

I. Translate the following word combinations:

создать ощущение, особые события, провоцировать стресс, целый ряд ситуаций, реагировать на стрессоры, выделять в кровоток, ускорять сердцебиение, кровеностные сосуды, улучшать зрение, расширять зрачки, запасы глюкозы в печени, увеличить энергию организма, охладить тело, увеличивать возможности человека, во время критических ситуаций, истощать резервы организма, появляются нарушения, перегрузка от стресса

II. Match the word in A with the word having the close meaning in B:

A B

1. react a. correct

2. particular b. problem

3. provoke c. respond

4. stream d. cause

5. improve e. act

6. increase f. disease

7. perform g. special

8. proper h. make better

9. illness i. flow

10. disorder j. enhance

III. Translate the sentences using the infinitive of purpose:

1. Гипоталамус посылают сигналы в надпочечники, чтобы выработать

больше адреналина и кортизона.

2. Кровеностные сосуды расширяются, чтобы обеспечить больше кровотока

группам крупных сосудов.

3. Чтобы увеличить энергию организма, печень выделяет запасы глюкозы.

4. Чтобы охладить тело, вырабатывается пот.

5. Нервная система возвращается в нормальное состояние, чтобы снова

реагировать, когда появится необходимость.

6. Все эти физические изменения готовят человека быстро реагировать,

чтобы справиться с ситуацией.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What is stress?

2. What are stressors?

3. How does the human body react to stressors?

4. What does the stress response enhance?

5. When does the stress response cause problems?

6. What are these problems?

7. Do all people experience stress in the same way?

8. Is stress good or bad for people?

 

V. Translate the text using a dictionary:

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