Прочитайте и переведите текст . 15. Ответьте на вопросы.

Disturbances, adaptation and supervision

 

Any unplanned influence on the quality index should be treated as a disturbance. There are many kinds of disturbances. Some arise inside a manufacturing system (wear of tool, improper operation of a motor etc.). Others enter a manufacturing system by different material ways (energy input or information input). They may even be the result of an environmental influence, such as sunlight.

The influence of certain types of disturbances may be reduced or even eliminated by an appropriate design of the manufacturing system. This is achieved either by lowering its sensitivity to the particular types of disturbances or by building adaptability into the manufacturing system. Use of materials with a low coefficient of thermal expansion for machine tool elements demonstrates a good example where sensitivity to thermal deformations is lowered.

Another way of reducing disturbances is to use an adaptable manufacturing system. Adaptability is the characteristic feature of a manufacturing system that enables it to reduce the influence of disturbances on the quality index by means of changes in the functioning of the system. Adaptability may be a natural feature of the manufacturing system. Or it can be built into it through the adaptive functions of the control system.

Because of different characteristics of various types of possible disturbances and their diversified influences on manufacturing processes, there is a need for many different supervisory functions and systems.

15. Ответьте на вопросы.

1) What is a disturbance?

2) What kinds of disturbances are there?

3) How is it possible to reduce or eliminate a disturbance?

4) What is adaptability?

5) Why is it necessary to have many different supervisory systems?

Заполните пропуски нужной глагольной формой (is lowered, enter, enables, eliminates).

1) These disturbances ……… a manufacturing system by different material ways.

2) An appropriate design of the manufacturing system ……… the influence of certain disturbances.

3) Adaptability ………… a manufacturing system to reduce the influence of disturbances.

4) Sensitivity to thermal deformation ………… by the use of certain materials.

Переведите текст письменно со словарем.

Both processing and system conditions must be monitored to ensure optimum performance. There are three major strategies at present used for implementing process monitoring and control with the help of time-critical and non-time-critical situation sensing techniques. These are:

1) Open-loop monitoring systems that measure some condition of the machine tool or process and then display or activate an alarm to prompt human intervention;

2) Open-loop diagnostic systems that attempt to determine a functional or casual relationship between a machine failure and its cause;

3) Closed-loop adaptive control systems that automatically adapt machining conditions to changes in the process environment according to pre-determined strategies.

 

 

Урок 4

Вспомните основные правила ударения в английском языке (Приложение 1, часть 4). Прочитайте следующие слова и объясните ударение в них .

to permit, disturbances, supervise, supervising, manufacturing, control, controller, the ‘reject, to re’ject

 

Выпишите из словаря транскрипцию и перевод следующих слов. Запомните их произношение и значения.

include (v), lead (v), consequence (n), prevent (v), break-down (n), failure (n), loss (n), recovery (n), belong (v), perform (v), performance (n)

 

Правильно прочитайте интернациональные слова и дайте их русский эквивалент. Посмотрите в словаре, выпишите с переводом и выучите подчёркнутые слова.

classify [‘klæsɪfaɪ], exploit [ɪks’plɔɪt], procedure [prə’si:ʤə], human [‘hju:mən], criteria [kraɪ’tɪərɪə], inefficient [,ɪnɪ’fɪʃənt], integrate [‘ɪntɪgreɪt]

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