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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Questions for second year’s students SDUСтр 1 из 12Следующая ⇒
Questions for second year’s students SDU (Do not forget – form of the questions will be changed!!!!!! Content - will not!) 1. When did philosophy begin? a) 6 th Century B.C. b) 17th Century B.C. c) 4th Century B.C. d) 19th Century B.C. e) 9th Century B.C.
2. Where did philosophy begin? a) in Ancient Egypt b) in Ancient England c) in Ancient Spain d) in Ancient Greece e) in Middle East
3. The first "scientists" in Ancient Greece were called… a) thinkers b) clever men c) natural philosophers d) ideal philosophers e) speakers
4. Complete the sentence. Philosophy is … a) mathematical science . b)the form of human spiritual activity c) the way of the death d) the form of the art e) the form of the exercises
5. What does philosophy involve? a) reflection about computer programmer b) reflection about pronunciation skills c) funny stories d) detectives E) Hinduism
22.What culture has Hinduism its origin at least as far back as 3000 BC. a) in ancient Vedic culture b) in ancient chinese culture c) in ancient greek culture d) in ancient japanese culture e) in ancient Buddhist culture
23. What does moksha mean? a) power b) liberation c) reincarnation d) karma e) passion
24. Where do many streams of hinduistic thought flow from? a) Vedic/Hindu schools, Buddhist schools b) Vedic/Hindu schools, taoist schools. c) Tantra Agamic schools, Shacty sects and Mantra Agamic schools d) Dharma schools, Shiva sects. E) Vedic/Hindu schools , Bhakti sects and Tantra Agamic schools
25. What does ahimsa mean? a) not to think b) non-violence c) non-activity d) liberation e) reincarnation
26. What things are common to all Hindus? a) belief in Tao, reincarnation, and moksha b) belief in shamanism, God’s power and moksha c) belief in Trama, reincarnation, sathya and moksha d) belief in Dharma , reincarnation , karma , and moksha e) belief in Vedic culture, narthy and love
27. Call fundamental principles of hinduism. a) ahimsa (non-violence), the primacy of the Guru , the Divine Word of Aum and the power of mantras , love of Truth b) ahimsa (non-violence), the primacy of theBuddha, the Divine Word of Brakhma and the power of will. e) spark of the Divine (Atman/Brahman), belief in shudra, love to the kshatry d) the primacy of the individual soul, the power of Guru and liberation f) ahimsa (non-violence), the primacy of theBuddha, belief in Shiva
28. What classical text is Confucianism based on? a) Taoist b) Buddhist c) chinese d) Moist e) indian
29. What was the mainstream ideology in China? a) Confucianism b) Tao Te Ching c) Zen-Buddhism d) Brahmanism e) jingoism
30 Call Taoism's central books? a) Vedas books b) Tao Te Ching , c) book of Taoism d) book of divine Tao e) Tao centrism
31. What does Taoism emphasize? a) divine nature, individual power, refusal of life b) physical freedom, refusal of ahimsa, power of will c) Nature, divine freedom, development of cosmo energy d) Nature, individual freedom, refusal of social bounds e) Nature, individual passion, power of the love
32. Call main principle of Taoism. a) moksha (“liberation”) b) ahimsa (“non – violence”) c) kharma d) reincarnation e) Wuwei ("non-action").
33. What does Legalism advocate? a) strict interpretation of the law in every respect b) reincarnation of animal’s soul c) power of woman d) independence of idea from the matter e) power of Buddha
34. What religion claims that morality is not important? a) Confucianism b)Legalism c) Buddhism d) Taoism e) Islam
35. Choose the right sentence. a) Jainism was found by Buddha b) Buddhism was founded by Mahavira, c) Brahmanism was founded by Djuan-zy d) Taoism was founded by Mahavira, E) Machiavelli, D. Bruno
68. Whom has “Critique of pure reason” written by? a) Russo b) Plato c) I. Kant, d) Aristotel e) Machiavelli
69. Whom have “ Metaphysics”, (Nicomachean) “Ethics”, written by? a) Russo b) Plato c) I. Kant, d) Aristotel e) Machiavelli
70. Which of them are belonged to Neoplatonic philosophy? a) Johannes Scotus Eriugena , Saint Anselm b) Russo, Voltaire c) I. Kant, Hegel d) Aristotel, Plato e) Machiavelli, Derrida
71. What period of philosophy are nominalism and realism belonged to? a) Enligtenment b) Ancient Greek c) Medieval d) Contemporary e) Renaissance
72. What period of philosophy is transcendentalism. belonged to? a) Enligtenment b) Ancient Greek c) Medieval d) German classical e) Renaissance
73. What philosophical school followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas? a) Thomism b) Atomism c) Aquinaism d) Totism e) Animism
74. What philosophical direction denotes a life which is characterised by refraining from worldly pleasures (austerity) ? a) thomism b) atomism c) animism d) criticism E) asceticism
75. –What philosophical notion states that the efforts of man to find meaning in the universe will ultimately fail because no such meaning exists (at least in relation to man)? a) thomism b) animism c) theocentrism d) absurdism e) scientism
76. What philosophical notion expreses a condition of being without theistic beliefs and absence of belief in the existence of gods? a) theism. b) atheism c) thomism b) animism e) theocentrism
77. What philosophical notion claims that our experience is not about the things as they are in themselves, but about are the things as they appear to us? a) theocentrism b) thomism c) transcendental idealism d) theism. e) criticism
78. What philosophical view explains that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter? a) nominalism b) rationalism idealism c)scientism d) existentialism E) materialism
79. Call the theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements? a) neotomism b) cosmism c) atomism d) elementism e) objectism
80. Call the philosophical notion according which any system of thought which denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance (not in the mathematical but in the popular sense)? a) accidentalism b) theism c) actionism d) modelism e) eregism
81. What philosophical direction denies the reality of the universe, seeing it as ultimately illusory, (the preffix "a-" in Greek meaning negation; like "un-" in English), and considers the infinite Unmanifest Absolute as real? a) theism b) acosmism c) elementism d) modelism e) eregism
82. What philosophical view considers tha truth values of certain claims — particularly theological claims regarding the existence of God, gods, or deities — are unknown, inherently unknowable, or incoherent, and therefore, (some agnostics may go as far to say) irrelevant to life? a) coherentism b) animism c) agnosticism d) materialism e) nominalism
83. Call the philosophical view according which everything is of an all-encompassing immanent God; or that the universe, or nature, and God are equivalent? a) agnosticism b) materialism c) coherentism d) pantheism e) thashism
84. Call the form of theism that holds that god contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. So the universe is part of god? a) panentheism b) pantheism c) thashism d) agnosticism e) idealism
85. What philosophical view also called Homocentrism, is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and/or concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe? a) humancentrism b) universalism c) existentialism d) humanism E) anthropocentrism
86. Call a form of personification (applying human or animal qualities to inanimate objects) and similar to prosopopoeia (adopting the persona of another person), which is the attribution of human characteristics and qualities to non-human beings, objects, or natural phenomena? a) phenomenalism b) criticism c) deism d) anthropomorphism e) universalism
87. What philosophical view claims that reason, rather than revelation or tradition, should be the basis of belief in God? a) deism b) atomism c) materialism d) modelism e) agnosticism
88. What philosophical doctrine claims that all human knowledge ultimately comes from the senses and from experience? a) deism b) universalism c) materialism d) empiricism e) abstractionism.
89. Call the belief in one or more gods or goddesses? a) theism b) atheism c) pancreatism d) etheism e) abstractionism.
90.What philosophical view contains belief in, or worship of, multiple gods or divinities? a) deism b) polytheism c) atheism d) atomism e) empiricism
91. Call the belief that properties, usually called Universals, exist independently of the things that manifest them? a) nominalism b) realism c) pantheism d) atheism e) pluralism
92. What metaphysical and theological viewconsiders that there is only one principle, essence, substance or energy in universe? a) atheism b) pantheism c) pluralism d) existentialism E) monism
93. What philosophical movement views human existence as having a set of underlying themes and characteristics, such as anxiety, dread, freedom, awareness of death, and consciousness of existing, that are primary? a) humanism b) existentialism c) homocentrism d) pluralism e) pantheism
94. What philosophical movement views the area of philosophy of the mind, and distinguishes a position where one believes there to be ultimately many kinds of substances in the world, as opposed to monism and dualism? a) Pluralism b) pantheism c) monotheism d) humanism e) deism
95. Call the philosophical position according which the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge. a) feminism b) empiricism c) positivism d) humanism e) sophism
96. What philosophical direction has been originated in the United States in the late 1800s. and has been characterized by the insistence on consequences, utility and practicality as vital components of meaning and truth? a)positivism b) humanism c) feminism d) pragmatism e) structuralism
97. How do you call the devotion to a single god while accepting the existence of other gods? a) scientism b) genotism c) vitalism d) naturalism E) henotheism
98. Call the school of philosophy taught by the academics (or schoolmen) of medieval universities circa 1100 - 1500. a) peripatetism b) aristorelism c) scholasticism d) Platonism e) atomism
99. How have the many various social and political movements, and a significant body of religious and secular literature which based upon the idea of paradise on earth been called? a) cosmocentrism b) utopianism c) peripatetism d) rationalism e) naturalism
100. Call the the doctrine according which "vital forces" are active in living organisms, where the life cannot be explained solely by mechanism. a) vitalism b) pragmayism c) poststructuralism d) deconstruction e) hermeneutics
101. The attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. It is especially associated with the attempt to merge and analogize several originally discretetraditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, and thus assert an underlying unity. a) scientism b) discretism c) disparatism d) syncretism e) politism
102. The philosophical notion that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. a) atheistic atomism b) agnostic pluralism c) social existentialism d) agnostic atheism – e) pragmatism
103. The apparently paradoxical idea that a proposition or theory cannot be scientific if it does not admit the possibility of being shown false. a) truth b) evil c) falsificationism d) empiriocriticism e) scientism
104. Philosophical notion according which any justification or knowledge theory in epistemology holds beliefs are justified (known) when they are based on basic beliefs (also called foundational beliefs). a) foundationalism b) systematism c) structuralism d) monism e) vitalism
105. In medieval philosophy the belief that properties, usually called Universals, exist independently of the things that manifest them. a) rationalism b) atheism c) theism d) realism e) nominalism
106. The typology employed by political scientists to describe modernregimes in which the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior. a) democratism b) monarchy c) communism d) socialism E) totalitarianism
107. An epistemic theory of truth based on the idea that the mind engages in a certain kind of activity: "verifying" a proposition. a) vitalism b) verism c) verificationism – d) propositionism e) activism
108.The various mystical initiatory religions, sects and knowledge schools, which were most prominent in the first few centuries CE. a) gnosticism b) atheism c) monism d) pluralism e) theism
109. The philosophical view according which the meaning and value of human beliefs and behaviors have no absolute reference. a) realism b) relativism c) cognitivism d) dualism e) monism
110. Political theory which argues that one person should hold all power. a) political absurdism b) political power c) political democracy d) tneism E) political absolutism
111. Call the Enlightenment philosophers. a) Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire b) I. Kant, Hegel, Fichter c) Plato, Lenin, Aristotle d) Socrates, Pythagoras, Voltaire e) Derrida, Nitscher, Plato
112. Call the philosopher which is belonged to structuralism. a)Voltaire b) Lenin c) Nitscher d) Aristotle E) Ferdinand de Saussure
113. The famous I. Kant’s work. a) “The philosophical analyses” b) “The Metaphysics of Ethics” c) “The critics of Greek philosophy” d) “The philosophy of will” e) “The will of power”
114. What does Renaissance mean? a) strong philosophy b) dark age c) rebirth or recovery. d) light age e) enlightenment
115. The famous Kazakh philosopher . a) Shakarim. b) Ablay-khan c) Avicenna d) al-Gazaly e) al-Biruni
116. In philosophy a rigorous discipline dealing with such concepts as: object, state of affairs, property, genus, species, identity, unity, plurality, number, relation, connection, causation, series, part, whole, dependence, existence, magnitude, boundary, manifold, set, class, etc. a) atheism b) ontology c) feminism d) rationalism e) criticism
117. Complete the sentence. Renaissance has its origins… a)in Germany and is associated with the rebirth of Buddhist civilization b) in China and is associated with the rebirth of Indian and Greco-Roman civilization c) in Spain and is associated with the rebirth of Egypt civilization d) in Russia and is associated with the rebirth of French civilization E)Voltaire
134. Who considers that early Greek philosophers do have important things to tell us about the world? a) Abay b) Albert c) Democritus d) Heraclitus E) Epicures
135. Complete the sentence. The origins of the Enlightenment are closely associated with… a) England and its philosophers as I. Kant and Hegel b) Greece and its philosophers as Marx and Ancelm c) France and its philosophers such as Voltaire, Rousseau and others. d) Greece and its philosophers as Plato and Aristotle e) Spain and its philosophers as Augustus and Ancelm
136 . Complete the sentence. Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel which can be summed up by a favorite motto by Hegel… " a) The immanent is real b) The world made of air c) All worldly life is unsatisfactory, disjointed, containing suffering. d) The river where you set your foot just now is gone- those waters giving way to this, now this. e) The rational alone is real".
137. Complete the sentence. The Enlightenment has been fostered by the … a) remarkable thoughts of Indian philosophers b) remarkable discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. c)remarkable discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventh century. d) distinguished Chinese philosophers of discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. e) remarkable discoveries of the Glorious Revolution of the eighteenths century.
138. Complete the sentence. Reason – was the word used the most frequently during the… a) Modern period b) Renaissance c) Ancient Greek century d) Enlightenment e) Medieval period
139. Who made a great contribution to the Enlightenment with creation of the famous Encyclopedia (Classified Dictionary of Science, Arts and Trades)? a) Russo b) I. Kant c) Hegel d) Diderot, e) K. Marx
140. Complete the sentence. The term "German Idealism" refers to a phase of intellectual life that had its origin in the … a) Enlightenment b) Modern period c) Antiquity d) Renaissance e) Russia philosophy
141. Whom the conceptual framework of German Idealism was provided by? a) Russo b) Deidre c) Linnets d) Immanuel Kant e) Marx
142. Who considered that phenomenal world, is produced a priori by the activity of consciousness? a) Plato b) Aristotle c) Marx d) Hegel E) I. Kant
143. Which of philosophers considered that phenomenal world takes its rise in the absolute, self-determined will of God? a) Marx b) Aristotle c) Schelling d) Democritus e) Feuerman
144. Who interpreted the process of development in a purely idealistic manner as the unconscious opposition of the Absolute to itself? a) Fichte b) Plato c) Democritus d) Socrates e) Lenin
145. In philosophy devotion to a single god with accepting the existence of other gods. a) atheism b) materialism c) atomism d) henotheism e) elementism
146.The Moslem holy book is: a) Bible b) Koran c) Vedas d) Taidus e) The book of change
147. What century of philosophy is determinated by the activities of Sören Kierkegaard, Karl Barth, Friedrich Nietzsche? a) Medieval period b) nineteenth century c) Ancient Greek d) Enlightenment e) Ancient East
148. Who professed himself to be “a follower of Dionysus, the god of life’s exuberance”, and declared that he hoped Dionysus would replace Jesus as the primary cultural standard for future millennia? a) I. Kant b) Abay c) Derrida d) Lenin E) Nietzsche
149. Who considered that we are all part of a vast single will which is the entire universe, and any sense of individuality is pure illusion? a) Aristotle b) Schopenhauer c) Abay d) Engels e) Marx
150. How do we call the idea that two or more moral values may be equally ultimate (true), yet in conflict? a) etimologism b) scientism c) value pluralism d) nominalism e) Hegelianism
151. Contemporaryphilosophy is represented by following schools: a) rationalism, nominalism, idealism b) existentialism, scientism, structuralism, pragmatism, positivism. c) materialism, theism, deism, seminarism, systemalism, voluntarism d) aristotelism, Platonism, atomism, dualism, monism. e) structuralism, deism, phofism, atheism, critcism
152. What philosophical theory uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves? a) atheism b) structuralism, c) deism d) ethics e) aesthetics
153. Call the philosophers of modern period. a) R. Barthes, M. Foucault, J. Derrida b) Hegel, Kant, Fichter, c) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates d) Augustus, Anselm, Ibn-Cina e) Buddha, Lao-zy, Jina
154. Which of them is belonged to poststructuralism? a) Derrida b) Augustus c) Ancelm d) Ibn-Cina e) Plato
155. What philosophical direction refers to the ideology of science as the only legitimate truth and to a conception of social progress as necessary and brought forth by technological development? a) monism b) Platonism c) theism d) scientism e) atheism
156. Who has created the theory of deconstruction? a) Marx b) Derrida c) Russo d) Kant e) Bruno
157 Through the work of what philosophers is philosophy of science emerged as an autonomous discipline? a) Ibn-Cina, al-Faraby, al-Gazaly b) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates c) Bruno, Diderote, Russo d) Lenin, Marx, Engels E) Plato
162. Which of these philosophers was a materialist? a) Plato b) Hegel c) Kant d) Marx e) Fichter
163. Which of these philosophers was a subjective idealist ? a) I. Kant b) J.J. Russo c) Plato d) Hegel e) Lenin
164. Which of these philosophers was a objective idealist ? a) Voltaire b) Marx c) Hegel d) Engels e) I. Kant.
165. Which of these Kazakh philosophers was the great scientist-historian, ethnographer, geographer, economist, traveller? a) Abay b) al-Farabi c) Yassavi d) Valihanov – e) Shakarim.
166. Who singled out three main tasks for metaphysics? a) Aristotle b) Socrates c) Plato d) Aristophanes e) Voltaire
167. How is a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that advocates that there is an ideal spiritual state is named? a) transcendentalism b) idealism c) materialism d) deism e) scientism
168. What philosophical notion claims that our experience is not about the things as they are in themselves, but about are the things as they appear to us? a) theocentrism b) thomism c) transcendental idealism d) theism. e) criticism
169. What philosophical view explains that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter? a) nominalism b) rationalism idealism c)scientism d) existentialism E) materialism
170. Call the theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements? a) neotomism b) cosmism c) atomism d) elementism e) objectism
171. Call the philosophical notion according which any system of thought which denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance (not in the mathematical but in the popular sense)? a) accidentalism b) theism c) actionism d) modelism e) eregism
172. What philosophical direction denies the reality of the universe, seeing it as ultimately illusory, (the preffix "a-" in Greek meaning negation; like "un-" in English), and considers the infinite Unmanifest Absolute as real? a) theism b) acosmism c) elementism d) modelism e) eregism
173. What philosophical view considers tha truth values of certain claims — particularly theological claims regarding the existence of God, gods, or deities — are unknown, inherently unknowable, or incoherent, and therefore, (some agnostics may go as far to say) irrelevant to life? a) coherentism b) animism c) agnosticism d) materialism e) nominalism
174. The attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. It is especially associated with the attempt to merge and analogize several originally discretetraditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, and thus assert an underlying unity. a) scientism b) discretism c) disparatism d) syncretism e) politism
175. The philosophical notion that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. a) atheistic atomism b) agnostic pluralism c) social existentialism d) agnostic atheism – e) pragmatism
176. The apparently paradoxical idea that a proposition or theory cannot be scientific if it does not admit the possibility of being shown false. a) truth b) evil c) falsificationism d) empiriocriticism e) scientism
177. Philosophical notion according which any justification or knowledge theory in epistemology holds beliefs are justified (known) when they are based on basic beliefs (also called foundational beliefs). a) foundationalism b) systematism c) structuralism d) monism e) vitalism
178. What school of philosophy attempted to prove God's existence? Many medieval thinkers greatly influenced future philosophers and rationalists who What century did philosophy begin? a) atomist b) materialist c) rationalists d) communistic e) nominalistic
179. Call the Gilson’s book. a) "Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages". b) Beauty and the evil c) Will of power d) Philosophy and metaphysic e) Democritus and epicures
180. Which of them are belonged to Contemporary philosophy? a) Diderote, Russo b) Plato, Aristotle c) I. Kant, Hegel d) Derrida, Heidegger. e) Machiavelli, D. Bruno
A) from antiquity B) from XIX cent. C) from XVIII cent. D) from the second part of XX cent. E) from XVII cent.
3. The goal which was formed by Socrates , is to define: A)The truth B)the laws of right thinking C)the limits of unbelief D)the area of philosophy E)the area of anthology
4. The Philosophy of science researching area: a) epistemology;
5. The main problem of the Philosophy of science? a) the problem of existence;
6. Medieval thesis was: science, and … a) practice;
7. The development of science during medieval period was: a) extensive;
8. According to the interpretation of the Middle Ages, Truth and Perfection translated: a) in space;
9. Subject of philosophy and history of the science? a) Logical thinking
10 Historically first form of philosophical description of the science? a) atomism of Greeks
11. When was happened the philosophical description of the science? a) In Ancient times
12. Call the scientific methods of cognition. a) analysis, synthesis, intuition b) theory, analogy, analysis, power of the will c) experiment, theory, analogy, analysis, synthesis . d) power of the passion, analysis, synthesis e) analysis, synthesis, discussion
13. Call the theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements? a) atomism b) cosmism c) neotomism d) elementism e) objectivism
14. The goal of science is control the nature. This thesis is linked with: A)ancient Greek science B)medieval theology C)Renaissance D) modern science E) Enlightenment
15. Choose the adequate definition of science: A) collective notion relative to a variety of scientific disciplines B) science means basic science C) science is a system of scientific knowledge D) science is a producing of new knowledge E) science is a system of researching institutions
16. Science was formed as an independent institution: A) during modern time B) during antique civilization C) in the beginning of XX cent. D) during XIX cent. E) during Renaissance
17. The classic period of science associated with: А) the beginning of XX cent B) XVII-XIX cent. C) the realizing of scientific and technological revolution D) the modern life E) the forming of basic sciences
18. The founder of all modern experimental science was: A) D. Descartes B) B. Spinoza C) T. Gobbs D) F. Beckon E) C. Furye
19. Choose conception and determinants of Sciences A) producing and the state B) the union of outstanding scientists C) Intellectual and pragmatic D) ekstirialistic and interialistic E) society and its leader
20. The basic function of scientific activity is attitudinal one which peculiars to the period: A) up to XVII cent. B) up to the first part of XX cent. C) up to XIX cent. D) till the beginning of XX cent. E) till the nowadays
21. Highlight the main features of modern time: A) The main issue is scholastic one B) Science bowing to the authority of the church C) Science is busy searching for philosophical stone, magic and alchemy D) there are applications industry, the focus of science at the finished result, the notion of unity of science is gone E) Science is above the applied problems, limit the foundation of the world is main problem
22. At the turn of what century classical period of science enters to the new nonclassical phase? A) in the beginning of XX cent. B) from the XVII to XVIII cent. C) at the turn of XX- XXI cent. D) in the end of XIX- the beginning of XX cent. E) from XVII to XX cent.
23. Which of following features characterize nonclassical science? A) intensification of ways to mix scientific knowledge, complication of the objects of science B) information to explain phenomena and processes to mechanical interaction C) tradisionalizm and Conseptualism D) the preservation of basic facilities of classical science E) formatting of new methods
24.Highlight basic internal facilities of the nonclassical science period: A) monism and mechanicizm B) systematic process and traditionalism C) pluralism and experimentation D) absence of any facilities E) synthesis of Sciences
25. Postnonclassicall science is a period associated with: A) the beginning of XX cent. B) modern time C) the second part of XX cent. D) the beginning of XIX cent. E) the turn of XX- XXI cent.
26. The basic principle of postnonclassical science: A) the principle of universal evolutionism B) the principle of subsidiarity C) the principle of systemic D) the principle of monism E) the principle of reductionism
27. What are the social functions of society poses to science A) methodological and philosophical B) philosophical and prognostic C) basic and applied D) theoretical and practical E) philosophical, productive and social forces
28. The mixing of science with production happened with the help of: A) mathematical process of sciences B) forming of new technologies C) diversification of sciences D) transforming of production to the scientific production E) integration of Sciences
29. What is the meaning of new technological orientation of science? A) science intrudes into production management B) Science automates production C) Science becomes a factor of production and poduction becomes area of application of science D) diversification of sciences, the emergence of aplied siences E) forming of the system of technical sciences
30. From the second part of XX century science entered a new task-oriented in its development: A) diagnostic B) managerial C) scientiozitional D) personal E) informational
31.Levels of scientific knowledge: a) Empirical and theoretical; b) Applied and analytical; c) World outlook and methodological; d) Traditional and modern; e) Scientific and extrascientific. 32. The main task of empirical level of knowledge: a) Theoretical explanation of object; b) Analytical research of object; c) the description of object of knowledge; d) Object comparison; e) Falsification of object of knowledge. 33.The basic forms of empirical level of knowledge: a) Theoretical knowledge; b) Empirical knowledge; c) Initial knowledge; d) Experimental knowledge; e) The scientific fact and empirical generalisation, 34.The basic methods of empirical knowledge: a) Comparison, experiment, induction; b) Formalisation and falsification; c) Axiomatic method; d) System and structurally functional methods; e) Modelling methods. 35.Allocate supervision forms: a) Extensive and intensive; b) Physical and mechanical; c) Laboratory and natural; d) Local and volume; e) Direct and mediated. 36.Comparison as a method makes sense: a) Only at empirical level; b) At all levels of knowledge; c) To homogeneous objects for the purpose of revealing of similarity orDistinctions; d) Only at level of sensation, perception; e) Everywhere, it is universal. 37. When have arisen axiological science’s bases? a) after the Second World War; b) After nuclear bombardment of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; c) After expansion of a scientific and technological revolution and its results; d) Efforts of scientists-atomshchikov; e) After creation аксиологии. 38. Allocate fundamental values of a science: a) Evolution, revolution; b) Crises, norms; c) True, scientific rationality;., d) Magic, astrology;, e) сциентизм, антисциентизм.
39. Allocate values of a science on R. Merton: a) rationality, organisation; b) generality, indifference, organised scepticism; c) Justice, the validity, morals, the blessing; d) Force,pragmatics , rationality; e) cosmopolitism, indifference, morals, progressiveness. 40.Experiment-it is: a) Method of theoretical research; b) Method of empirical research; c) The core of empirical research also is used forProofs of the validity of theoretical knowledge; d) Method of fundamental sciences; e) Method of experimental skilled sciences. 41.The problem is a structural component: a) Empirical research; b) Theoretical research; c) Experiment; d) Induction; e) paradigms 42.The hypothesis is the form of knowledge containing: a) The assumption, which true value requiresIn the proof; b) Problem which is necessary for learning; c) Judgement of axiomatic character;I d) Set of natural knowledge of a number of the phenomena; e) Fundamental concepts of a science. 43.Any scientific theory should satisfy two Requirements : a) Presence of initial empirical base and methodology; b) Problem and hypothesis presence; c) It is experimentally confirmed and theoretically proved d) Consistency of its basis ; e) To be equitable to interests of a science and to contain the new scientific facts.
44.The formalisation method transfers reasonings on object to a plane a) Formulas; b) Symbols; c) Axioms;. d) Theories; e) Experiment... 45.The modelling method is a method of research: a) Establishing similarity between the nonidenticalObjects; b) Dividing object on components; c) Connected with formation idealistic objects; d) Ascending from the general to the individual; e) Reproducing object characteristics on model.
46.In science history in method application two extreme measures were observed 'a) negativism and euphoria; b) Anarchism and conservatism;. c) эволюционизм and revolution;. d) Pithiness and formalism; e) Objectivism and subjectivity. 47.The true is result not only scientific research,But also: a) Society level of development;. b) Requirements of practice; c) Concepts of scientific development; d) Conditions of the scientist; e) Adequate method. 48. The Aristotelevsky concept of true asserts, that: a) The true is result of the contract of scientists; b) True - that is useful for a science at present; c) The true is a conformity of the validity; d) The true is a correspondence of knowledge; e) The true is a system of valid knowledge. 49.Induction - a research method in which the conclusion is under construction on a basis a) Experiment; b) Axioms; c) Hypotheses; d) Theories; e) Private parcels. 50. The coherent concept of true asserts, that: a) Truly only that knowledge which corresponds to the validity b) The true is result of the contract of scientists; c) The true is only that is pragmatic; d) The statement accepted by all simultaneously is true; e) Truly that is received by logic rules from true positions f) 51.Initial method of empirical research is a) Experiment; b) Axiom; c) Induction; d) Supervision; e) Model. 52. The basic requirements to a method of the empirical description: a) Reliability, accuracy and completeness of data on object; b) Objectivity and структурность knowledge of object; c) Theoretical completeness and the empirical facts; d) Consistency and hierarchy of the description; e) Description orientation to a definite purpose. 53. The methodology has two major importances: a) As system of methods and as the doctrine about the method; b) As the doctrine about general scientific and частнонаучных methods; c) As the doctrine about history of formation of methods of a science and their classification d) As philosophical methodology and частнонаучная methodology; e) As the doctrine about functions of a method and as the doctrine about фальсифицируемости methods. 54.The basic function of a method: a) Regulation of scientifically-informative activity; b) Operating by the scientific facts; c) Explanation of causal and other laws; d) предсказывание the new scientific facts; e) Connection of levels of knowledge. 55.The purpose of scientific knowledge: a) The scientific fact; b) Scientific knowledge; c) Gnoseology development; d) Perfection of methods; e) True. 56. Allocate valuable installations of an Ancient Greek science: a) Embodiment of scientific ideas in the technician; b) Perfection of work under the influence of a science; c) A pure science», released from utility reasons d) Maintenance with the society blessings; e) Basis of progress of the state. 57. Allocate valuable installation of a science of New time: a) Science - panacea from natural and social harms; b) Science - disinterested service to true; c) The science - stimulus only for the science, to it is not present business to a society; d) The science is sovereign and in it its value; e) Science - the engine of material culture. 58.Who asserted, that knowledge scientifically if it precisely reproduces object, irrespective of the subject, with speed of "flying" opinion does not address in lie a) Platon;, b) V.Descartes; c) F.Bacon; d) T.Kun; e) O.Kont. f) 59.By F.Bacon definition false interpretation, not true values of knowledge are called a) Symbols; b) In the images;. c) Medal back; d) Errors; e) Idols. 60.What concerns to “Ethos” of the sciences on R.Mertonu? a) System of methods of the given science; b) System of the institutes united by one scientific problem; c) Complex of the values prevailing over scientists; d) Successes of a science in its history; e) The system of functions claimed by society.
61. What is universalism as the value of science (by Robert Merton): b) a system of theoretical knowledge; c) a system of precision knowledge gained only through empirical science; c) ontology; c) experiment; d) society; 66. What is the delusion function by K. Popper: e) a foundation of science.
b) theoretical and empirical; d) speculative and concrete; a) mainstream theory and theory of socio-economic analysis; e) Karl Marx. c) community of scientists;
b) H. Spencer; e) M. Polanyi. e) experience. a) a myth; d) experiment; c) it tries to systematize all the off-rational knowledge; a) the subject of philosophy of science is language of science as a way of showing knowledge, and efforts to analyze this knowledge;
95.The modelling method is a method of research: f) Establishing similarity between the nonidenticalObjects; g) Dividing object on components; h) Connected with formation идеализированных objects; i) Ascending from the general to the individual; j) Reproducing object characteristics on model.
96.In history of the science in method application two extreme measures were observed 'a) negativism and euphoria; f) Anarchism and conservatism;. g) эволюционизм and revolution;. h) Pithiness and formalism; i) Objectivism and subjectivity. 97.The true is result not only scientific research,But also: f) Society level of development;. g) Requirements of practice; h) Concepts of scientific development; i) Conditions of the scientist; j) Adequate method.
98. Call the school of philosophy taught by the academics (or schoolmen) of medieval universities circa 1100 - 1500. a) peripatetism b) aristorelism c) scholasticism d) Platonism e) atomism
99. How have the many various social and political movements, and a significant body of religious and secular literature which based upon the idea of paradise on earth been called? a) cosmocentrism b) utopianism c) peripatetism d) rationalism e) naturalism
100. Call the the doctrine according which "vital forces" are active in living organisms, where the life cannot be explained solely by mechanism. a) vitalism b) pragmatism c) post structuralism d) Deconstruction e) Hermeneutics
101. The attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. It is especially associated with the attempt to merge and analogize several originally discretetraditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, and thus assert an underlying unity. a) scientism b) discretism c) disparatism d) syncretism e) politism
102. The philosophical notion that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. a) atheistic atomism b) agnostic pluralism c) social existentialism d) agnostic atheism – e) pragmatism
103. The apparently paradoxical idea that a proposition or theory cannot be scientific if it does not admit the possibility of being shown false. a) truth b) evil c) falsificationism d) empiriocriticism e) scientism
104. Philosophical notion according which any justification or knowledge theory in epistemology holds beliefs are justified (known) when they are based on basic beliefs (also called foundational beliefs). a) foundationalism b) systematism c) structuralism d) monism e) vitalism
105. In medieval philosophy the belief that properties, usually called Universals, exist independently of the things that manifest them. a) rationalism b) atheism c) theism d) realism e) nominalism
106. The typology employed by political scientists to describe modernregimes in which the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior. a) democratism b) monarchy c) communism d) socialism e) totalitarianism
107. An epistemic theory of truth based on the idea that the mind engages in a certain kind of activity: "verifying" a proposition. a) vitalism b) verism c) verificationism – d) propositionism e) activism
108.The various mystical initiatory religions, sects and knowledge schools, which were most prominent in the first few centuries CE. a) gnosticism b) atheism c) monism d) pluralism e) theism
109. The philosophical view according which the meaning and value of human beliefs and behaviors have no absolute reference. a) realism b) relativism c) cognitivism d) dualism e) monism
110. Political theory which argues that one person should hold all power. a) political absurdism b) political power c) political democracy d) tneism e) political absolutism
111. Call the Enlightenment philosophers. a) Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire b) I. Kant, Hegel, Fichter c) Plato, Lenin, Aristotle d) Socrates, Pythagoras, Voltaire e) Derrida, Nitscher, Plato
112. Call the philosopher which is belonged to structuralism. a)Voltaire b) Lenin c) Nitscher d) Aristotle e) Ferdinand de Saussure
113. The famous I. Kant’s work. a) “The philosophical analyses” b) “The Metaphysics of Ethics” c) “The critics of Greek philosophy” d) “The philosophy of will” e) “The will of power”
114. What does Renaissance mean? a) strong philosophy b) dark age c) rebirth or recovery. d) light age e) enlightenment
115. The famous Kazakh philosopher . a) Shakarim. b) Ablay-khan c) Avicenna d) al-Gazaly e) al-Biruni
116. In philosophy a rigorous discipline dealing with such concepts as: object, state of affairs, property, genus, species, identity, unity, plurality, number, relation, connection, causation, series, part, whole, dependence, existence, magnitude, boundary, manifold, set, class, etc. a) atheism b) ontology c) feminism d) rationalism e) criticism
117. Complete the sentence. Renaissance has its origins… a)in Germany and is associated with the rebirth of Buddhist civilization b) in China and is associated with the rebirth of Indian and Greco-Roman civilization c) in Spain and is associated with the rebirth of Egypt civilization d) in Russia and is associated with the rebirth of French civilization e) in Italy and is associated with the rebirth of antiquity or Greco-Roman civilization
118. What school of philosophy attempted to prove God's existence? Many medieval thinkers greatly influenced future philosophers and rationalists who What century did philosophy begin? a) atomist b) materialist c) rationalists d) communistic e) nominalistic
119. Call the Gilson’s book. a) "Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages". b) Beauty and the evil c) Will of power d) Philosophy and metaphysic e) Democritus and epicures
120. Call the Thomas Aquinas’ book. a) "Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages". b) "Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas" c) Philosophy and metaphysic d) Absolute spirit e) Will of power
121. What philosophers are belonged to medieval century? a) Voltaire, Russo b) Hegel, Kant c) Augustine, Ancelm d) Lao-zy, Buddha e) Diderote, Derrida
122. Complete the sentence. Middle Ages associated with: a) the rebirth of Buddhist civilization b) the rebirth of antiquity or Greco-Roman civilization c) the Black Death, economic, political and social crises and with “Dark Ages” d) rise of art, culture and science e) nature, music and development of technologies
123. What great changes from the fifteenth century took place affecting public and social spheres of Europe and then the rest of the world? a) the basis of the modern European civilization and capitalist system were founded. b) the basis of the Egypt civilization and communism system were founded. c) the basis of the Asian civilization and feudalistic system were founded. d) the basis of the modern European civilization and feudalistic system were founded. e) the basis of the modern American civilization and communistic system were founded.
124. Complete the sentence. Humanism was a form of … a) structuralism b) materialism based on the study of theism c) geography based on the study of Bible d) religion e) education and culture based on the study of classics.
125. Choose wrong statement. a) in Renaissance philosophy a change was expressed through an assimilation of Platonic philosophy into Christianity by means of translation and interpretation. b) social philosophy is characterized by what could be called a new anthropocentrism. c) Thomism – the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas. d) I. Kant is an transcendental idealist e) atomism the theory that all the ideas in the universe are composed of very small, destructible words.
126. Choose wrong statement. a) Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel b) Thomism – the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas. c) philosophy of science, branch of philosophy that emerged as an autonomous discipline in the 11th cent., especially through the work of Augustus, Ancelm, Plato and I. Kant d) structuralism is the theory that uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves. e) philosophy of science, branch of philosophy that emerged as an autonomous discipline in the 19th cent., especially through the work of Auguste Comte, J. S. Mill, and William Whewell
127. Choose wrong statement. a) accidentalism claims that any system of thought denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance b) Pragmatism originated in the United States in the late 1800s. c) Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel c) panentheism a form of theism that holds that god contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. d) Enlightenment philosophy is a period marked by significant changes. Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot are the representatives of Enlightenment. e) monism – the metaphysical and theological view that there are million principles, essences, substances or energies.
128. Choose wrong statement. a) Chinese philosophy has its origin in France b) science draws conclusions about the way the world is and the way in which scientific theory relates to the world. c) scientism is a synonym of positivism, a common ideology in the 19th and 20th century which places its trust in scientific progressand only in scientific progress. d) deism – the view that reason, rather than revelation or tradition, should be the basis of belief in God. e) vitalism – the doctrine that "vital forces" are active in living organisms, so that life cannot be explained solely by mechanism.
129. Choose right statement. a) I. Kant is German materialist. b) Plato is Indian philosopher c) Hegel is an idealist d) Russo is German scientist e) Lenin is a teacher of I. Kant
130. Choose right statement. a) materialism is the view that reason, rather than revelation or tradition, should be the basis of belief in God. b) materialism – the philosophical view that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter; c) materialism is form of idealism d) materialism is form of religion e) materialism is the doctrine that "vital forces" are active in living organisms.
131. Choose right statement. a) verificationism – an epistemic theory of truth based on the idea that the mind engages in a certain kind of activity: "verifying" a proposition. b)religion draws conclusions about the way the world is and the way in which scientific theory relates to the world. c) monism is the theory that uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves. d) monism – the metaphysical and theological view that there are million principles, essences, substances or energies. e) by helenism any system of thought denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance
132. The age of the Renaissance is: a) approximately from 1350 to 1550. b) from 1250 to 1850 c) approximately from 1550 to 1800 d) approximately from 1100 to 1300 e) from 1000 to 1800
133. Which of these philosophers championed deism.? a) Plato b) Derrida c) I. Kant d) Hegel e) Voltaire
134. Who considers that early Greek philosophers do have important things to tell us about the world? a) Abay b) Albert c) Democritus d) Heraclitus e) Epicures
135. Complete the sentence. The origins of the Enlightenment are closely associated with… a) England and its philosophers as I. Kant and Hegel b) Greece and its philosophers as Marx and Ancelm c) France and its philosophers such as Voltaire, Rousseau and others. d) Greece and its philosophers as Plato and Aristotle e) Spain and its philosophers as Augustus and Ancelm
136 . Complete the sentence. Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel which can be summed up by a favorite motto by Hegel… " a) The immanent is real b) The world made of air c) All worldly life is unsatisfactory, disjointed, containing suffering. d) The river where you set your foot just now is gone- those waters giving way to this, now this. e) The rational alone is real".
137. Complete the sentence. The Enlightenment has been fostered by the … a) remarkable thoughts of Indian philosophers b) remarkable discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. c)remarkable discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventh century. d) distinguished Chinese philosophers of discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. e) remarkable discoveries of the Glorious Revolution of the eighteenths century.
138. Complete the sentence. Reason – was the word used the most frequently during the… a) Modern period b) Renaissance c) Ancient Greek century d) Enlightenment e) Medieval period
139. Who made a great contribution to the Enlightenment with creation of the famous Encyclopedia (Classified Dictionary of Science, Arts and Trades)? a) Russo b) I. Kant c) Hegel d) Diderot, e) K. Marx
140. Complete the sentence. The term "German Idealism" refers to a phase of intellectual life that had its origin in the … a) Enlightenment b) Modern period c) Antiquity d) Renaissance e) Russia philosophy
141. Whom the conceptual framework of German Idealism was provided by? a) Russo b) Deidre c) Linnets d) Immanuel Kant e) Marx
142. Who considered that phenomenal world, is produced a priori by the activity of consciousness? a) Plato b) Aristotle c) Marx d) Hegel e) I. Kant
143. Which of philosophers considered that phenomenal world takes its rise in the absolute, self-determined will of God? a) Marx b) Aristotle c) Schelling d) Democritus e) Feuerman
144. Who interpreted the process of development in a purely idealistic manner as the unconscious opposition of the Absolute to itself? a) Fichte b) Plato c) Democritus d) Socrates e) Lenin
145. In philosophy devotion to a single god with accepting the existence of other gods. a) atheism b) materialism c) atomism d) henotheism e) elementism
146.The Moslem holy book is: a) Bible b) Koran c) Vedas d) Taidus e) The book of change
147. What century of philosophy is determinated by the activities of Sören Kierkegaard, Karl Barth, Friedrich Nietzsche? a) Medieval period b) nineteenth century c) Ancient Greek d) Enlightenment e) Ancient East
148. Who professed himself to be “a follower of Dionysus, the god of life’s exuberance”, and declared that he hoped Dionysus would replace Jesus as the primary cultural standard for future millennia? a) I. Kant b) Abay c) Derrida d) Lenin e) Nietzsche
149. Who considered that we are all part of a vast single will which is the entire universe, and any sense of individuality is pure illusion? a) Aristotle b) Schopenhauer c) Abay d) Engels e) Marx
150. How do we call the idea that two or more moral values may be equally ultimate (true), yet in conflict? a) etimologism b) scientism c) value pluralism d) nominalism e) Hegelianism
151. Contemporaryphilosophy is represented by following schools: a) rationalism, nominalism, idealism b) existentialism, scientism, structuralism, pragmatism, positivism. c) materialism, theism, deism, seminarism, systemalism, voluntarism d) aristotelism, Platonism, atomism, dualism, monism. e) structuralism, deism, phofism, atheism, critcism
152. What philosophical theory uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves? a) atheism b) structuralism, c) deism d) ethics e) aesthetics
153. Call the philosophers of modern period. a) R. Barthes, M. Foucault, J. Derrida b) Hegel, Kant, Fichter, c) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates d) Augustus, Anselm, Ibn-Cina e) Buddha, Lao-zy, Jina
154. Which of them is belonged to poststructuralism? a) Derrida b) Augustus c) Ancelm d) Ibn-Cina e) Plato
155. What philosophical direction refers to the ideology of science as the only legitimate truth and to a conception of social progress as necessary and brought forth by technological development? a) monism b) Platonism c) theism d) scientism e) atheism
156. Who has created the theory of deconstruction? a) Marx b) Derrida c) Russo d) Kant e) Bruno
157 Through the work of what philosophers is philosophy of science emerged as an autonomous discipline? a) Ibn-Cina, al-Faraby, al-Gazaly b) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates c) Bruno, Diderote, Russo d) Lenin, Marx, Engels e) Auguste Comte, J. S. Mill, and William Whewell
158. Call the Arabian philosophers. a) Ibn-Cina, al-Faraby, al-Gazaly b) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates c) Derrida, Marx, Kant d) al-Gazaly, Hegel, Russo e) Aristophanes, al-Gazaly, Abay.
159. Who was the second teacher after Aristotle? a) Augustus b) al-Gazaly c) al-Faraby d) Ibn-Cina e) Kant
160. Who was the first teacher of philosophy ? a) Aristotle b) Socrates c) Plato d) Aristophanes e) Pythagoras
161. Which of these philosophers was an idealist? a) Marx b) Engels c) Lenin d) Aristotle e) Plato
162. Which of these philosophers was a materialist? a) Plato b) Hegel c) Kant d) Marx e) Fichter
163. Which of these philosophers was a subjective idealist ? a) I. Kant b) J.J. Russo c) Plato d) Hegel e) Lenin
164. Which of these philosophers was a objective idealist ? a) Voltaire b) Marx c) Hegel d) Engels e) I. Kant.
165. Which of these Kazakh philosophers was the great scientist-historian, ethnographer, geographer, economist, traveller? a) Abay b) al-Farabi c) Yassavi d) Valihanov – e) Shakarim.
166. Who singled out three main tasks for metaphysics? a) Aristotle b) Socrates c) Plato d) Aristophanes e) Voltaire
167. How is a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that advocates that there is an ideal spiritual state is named? a) transcendentalism b) idealism c) materialism d) deism e) scientism
168. What philosophical notion claims that our experience is not about the things as they are in themselves, but about are the things as they appear to us? a) theocentrism b) thomism c) transcendental idealism d) theism. e) criticism
169. What philosophical view explains that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter? a) nominalism b) rationalism idealism c)scientism d) existentialism e) materialism
170. Call the theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements? a) neotomism b) cosmism c) atomism d) elementism e) objectism
171. Choose the adequate definition of science: A) collective notion relative to a variety of scientific disciplines B) science means basic science C) science is a system of scientific knowledge D) science is a producing of new knowledge E) science is a system of researching institutions
172. Science was formed as an independent institution: A) during modern time B) during antique civilization C) in the beginning of XX cent. D) during XIX cent. E) during Renaissance
173. The classic period of science associated with: А) the beginning of XX cent B) XVII-XIX cent. C) the realizing of scientific and technological revolution D) the modern life E) the forming of basic sciences
174. The founder of all modern experimental science was: A) D. Descartes B) B. Spinoza C) T. Gobbs D) F. Beckon E) C. Furye
175. Choose conception and determinants of Sciences A) producing and the state B) the union of outstanding scientists C) Intellectual and pragmatic D) ekstirialistic and interialistic E) society and its leader
176. The basic function of scientific activity is attitudinal one which peculiars to the period: A) up to XVII cent. B) up to the first part of XX cent. C) up to XIX cent. D) till the beginning of XX cent. E) till the nowadays
177. Highlight the main features of modern time: A) The main issue is scholastic one B) Science bowing to the authority of the church C) Science is busy searching for philosophical stone, magic and alchemy D) there are applications industry, the focus of science at the finished result, the notion of unity of science is gone E) Science is above the applied problems, limit the foundation of the world is main problem
178. At the turn of what century classical period of science enters to the new nonclassical phase? A) in the beginning of XX cent. B) from the XVII to XVIII cent. C) at the turn of XX- XXI cent. D) in the end of XIX- the beginning of XX cent. E) from XVII to XX cent.
179. Which of following features characterize nonclassical science? A) intensification of ways to mix scientific knowledge, complication of the objects of science B) information to explain phenomena and processes to mechanical interaction C) tradisionalizm and Conseptualism D) the preservation of basic facilities of classical science E) formatting of new methods
180. What is the meaning of new technological orientation of science? A) science intrudes into production management B) Science automates production C) Science becomes a factor of production and poduction becomes area of application of science D) diversification of sciences, the emergence of aplied siences E) forming of the system of technical sciences
Philosophy
$$$001 Miletus school was named after: A) Name of the city. B) Name of philosopher. C) Name of founder. D) Name of the river. E) Name of book.
$$$002 The most famous of the cynics is: A) Thales B) Pythagoras C) Diogenus D) Plato. E) Protagoras
$$$003 Primordial substance of the nature according to Heraclitus is: A) Water. B) Air. C) Fire. D) Earth. E) Wood.
$$$004 Expression «You can't enter the same water twice» belongs to: A) Heraclitus. B) Protagoras. C) Pythagoras. D) Anaximander. E) Plato.
$$$005 One of the representatives of the stoics was A)Epicurus. B) Seneca. C) Aristotle. D) Plato. E) Socrates.
$$$006 What was the central problem of the Greek school of Philosophy of the early period: A)The origin of man. B) Problem of life and death C) Acquisition of happiness and serenity D) Cosmos and its origin. E) Soul of the things.$$$007 Who was considered to be the first philosopher of Greece? A) Socrates. B) Aristotle. C) Thales. D) Cicero. Epicurus. $$$008 Philosopher who considered "Four roots" as the middle stage, but atoms were the beginning of everything: A) Zeno. B) Plato. C) Aristotle. D) Xenophane. E) Democrits.
$$$009 One of the prominent representatives of the older sophists was: A) Thales. B) Pythagorus. C) Democritus. D) Seneka. E) Protagoras.
$$$010 Statement «Man is the measure of all things» belongs to: A) Thales. B) Pythagoras C) Democritus D) Socrates Protagoras $$$011 He was a student at the Sophists school first, and then became their opponent: A)Protagoras B) Pythagoras C) Heraclitus D) Socrates E) Diogenus
$$$012 The word "Sophist" is translated from Greek as: A) Wise man B) Warrior C) Judge. D) Man. E) Thinker.
$$$013 Socrates in the dialogue Protagoras argues that it is impossible to be overcome by pleasure. What is his reason? A) Pleasure has no power over our decisions B) He can think of no cases in history where this has happened C) Pleasure is the only motivating power in life D) If we do what we want, we have not been overcome by any E) It is harmful
$$$014 A) They are ignorant B) They are evil C) There is no objective measure of good and bad to regulate their behavior D) They have been influenced by the Sophists E) They are lazy
$$$015 According to Socrates, what should be tested in a discussion besides the truth? A) The speakers B) The views of the majority of citizens C) False opinions D) The method of discussion E) Wisdom and strength
$$$016 Why does Socrates claim he can learn more from Protagoras than from Pericles? A) Protagoras is more virtuous than Pericles. B) Protagoras is a professional teacher. C) Protagoras can both give a long speech and answer question about it afterwards. D) Protagoras composes his own speeches and also those of Pericles. E) Protagoras is wiser than Pericles.
$$$017 Who does Socrates claim he is a disciple of? A) Protagoras. B) Callias. C) Hippias. D) Prodicus. E) Hippocrates
$$$018 The most prominent student of Plato’s Academy: A)Euclidus. B) Pythagoras. C) Aristotle. D) Democritus E) Protagoras.
$$$019 Plato founded the school of Philosophy called: A)Licey. B) Gimnasium. C) Academy D) Agora. E) Dialectics of Athens.
$$$020 Which of the following classes of society populates the first city? A) Producers. B) Auxiliaries. C) Philosopher-kings. D) Farmers. E) Craftsmen.
$$$021 Which of the following is not considered an important aspect of the warriors’ education? A) Poetry. B) Dialectic. C) Music. D) Physical training. E) Gymnastics.
$$$022 Which of the following is not considered an aspect of the soul by Plato? A) The emotive part. B) The spirited part. C) The rational part. D) The appetitive part. E) The physical part.
$$$023 What is the role of women in the city? A) They are limited to the producing class. B) The role of women is never mentioned in the Republic. C) Women occupy all of the same roles that men occupy. D) They belong to their own class of society. E) They nurse their children.
$$$024 What is the difference between thought and understanding, according to Plato A) Understanding makes use of images and hypotheses as crutches, whereas thought does not. B) Understanding doe not care about thought. C) Understanding reasons about Forms whereas thought does not. D) Thought makes use of images and hypotheses as crutches, whereas understanding does not. E) Thought reasons about Forms whereas understanding does not.
$$$025 What does Socrates mean to illustrate with the allegory of the cave? A) The way people develop. B) The effects of education on the soul. C) The effects of the intelligible realm on the soul. D) The effects of the visible realm on the soul. E) The stages of moral development through which a philosopher king must pass.
$$$026 How do we know that the philosopher’s pleasure is the greatest possible pleasure, according to Plato? A) Because he is wise. B) Because this coheres with our theory of justice. C) Because if it weren’t, then it would not be worthwhile to be just and we know that it is. D) Because of the myth of Err. A) Soul. B) Heart. C) Body. D) Head. E) Brain
$$$028 What kind of philosophy, according to Aristotle, studied the activity of the man, organization of the state: A) Poetic. B) Practical. C) Theoretical. D) Entelehia. E)Political
$$$029 He was called "the first teacher": A)Socrates B) Aristotle. C) Plato. D) Diogenus. E) Heraclitus.
$$$030 The teacher of Alexander the Great was: A) Aristotle. B) Socrates. C) Plato. D) Heraclitus. E) Pythagoras.
$$$031 According to Aristotle, the best form of state is: A) Tyranny. B) Junta. C) Oligarchy. D) Democracy. E) Aristocracy.
$$$032 Which of the following is always an end in itself, according to Aristotle? A) Happiness. B) Virtue. C) Intelligence. D) Honor. E) Pleasure.
$$$033 How do we learn virtue in Aristotle’s view? A) By habit. B) By dialectical argument. C) By rational instruction. D) By learning from our mistakes. E) By breathing.
$$$034 Which of the following does Aristotle consider to be the worst? A) Being great and expecting great honors. B) Being mediocre and expecting great honors. C) Being great and expecting moderate honors. D) B and C are equally bad. E) Being lazy.
$$$035 How is justice different from virtue, according to Aristotle? A) Virtue is just one form of justice. B) Justice deals with our relations to others, while virtue is a state of being. C) Justice can be a vice in the wrong hands. D) Justice is a human invention while virtue exists objectively. E) Justice is a form of human virtue.
$$$036 According to Aristotle, what is the best form of friendship based upon? A) Utility. B) Pleasure. C) Goodness. D) Law. E) Equality.
$$$037 Which of the following relationships is analogous to the king-subject relationship? A) Husband-wife B) Father-son C) Master-slave D) Brother-sister E) Mother-daughter
$$$038 How should one treat an old friend whom one has long since exceeded in friendship? A) Remain friends as always. B) Remain friends, but not as closely as before. C) Break off the friendship, but maintain feelings of goodwill for the old friend. D) Break off all relations with the old friend. E) Forget about him.
$$$039 “Emanation” means: A) The process of formation of things through confluence of matter and form. B) Out flowing of overfilled being. C) Process of cognition by recollecting the soul. D) Process of developing of inference. E) Process of development of the world of natural phenomena.
$$$040 Philosophy of the Middle Ages characterized as "school philosophy" was called: A) Mysticism. B) Apologetics. C) Scholastics D)Patristics. E) Nominalists.
$$$041 In considering of that problem there emerged nominalism and realism in the Middle Ages: A) Faith and reason. B) God and world. C) Universals. D) Learning of God. E) Learning of man.
$$$042 The author of “The Tractatus of the views of the citizens of a Virtuous City” is called “the second teacher”: A) Al-Biruni. B) Al-Khorezmi. C) Al-Farabi. D) Al-Gazali. E) Ibn Sina.
$$$043 The author of the book «Kutadgu Bilik»: A) Yassavi. B) Balassaguni. C) Al-Farabi. D) Ulugbek. E) Al-Gazali.
$$$044 Philosophic trend of the medieval Islamic philosophy: A) Nominalism. B) Realism. C) Sciencecentrism. D) Good brothers. E) Atheism.
$$$045 A teaching which enhanced the emergence of philosophy in Islamic countries: A) Mutasilism. B) Something mystical. C) Poetics. D) Sufism. E) Hegelianism.
$$$046 An important tradition borrowed by Al-Farabi from ancient philosophy is called: A) Mysticism. B) Peripateticism. C) Gilosoism. D) Materialism. E) Idealism.
$$$047 The founder of medieval Islamic philosophy: А) Ibn Rushd. В) Al-Biruni. С) Ibn Sina. D) Al-Farabi. Е) Al-Kindi.
$$$048 Outstanding philosopher and doctor of the Arab medieval world, author of «Canon of medical science»: А) Ibn Rushd. В) Ibn Badj. С) Ibn Sina . D) Al-Farabi. Е) Ibn Tufeil.
$$$049 The words that Arab thinkers brought joyful free-thinking to Europe belongs: А) Foierbach. В) Montesquer. С) Shelling. D) Didro. Е) Engels.
$$$050 Philosophy of the Middle Ages characterized as "school philosophy" was called: A) Mysticism. B) Apologetics. C) Scholastics D) Patristics. E) Nominalists.
$$$051 One of the main philosophy books of St. Thomas Aquinas is: A) Summa Theologica. B) Summa of All Summas. C) Summa in Defence of God. D) Summa of Evidences. E) Summa contra Devil.
$$$052 The famous representative of patristic studies, author of the books "The City of God" "Confessions": A) Thomas. B) Origen. C) St. Aurelius. D) St.Aquinas. E) St. Augustine.
$$$053 A thinker who formulated 5 proofs of existence of God: A)Augustine. B) Erasmus of Rotterdam. C) Thomas Aquinas. D) Makiavelli. E) Abelyar.
$$$054 According to St. Augustine before the soul enters the body at birth, where is it? A) With God. B) Augustine does not say. C) Everywhere. D) It does not yet exist. E) In the Heavens.
$$$055 According to Augustine spiritual substance: A) has no spatial qualities. B) has infinite size. C) has no real existence. D) contains the universe. E) exists outside human existence.
$$$056 Augustine’s idea of memory is inspired by: A) Ambrose. B) Aristotle. C) Cicero. D) Plato. E) Aristippus.
$$$057 Augustine holds that God’s creation of the universe takes place: A) in a day B) before time began C) After time began D) Eternally E) occasionally
$$$058 According to Augustine, time is always tending toward: A) Non-being B) Eternity C) Multiplicity D) Evil E) Virtue
$$$059 One of the characteristics of the Renaissance is: A) Atheism. B) Theologism. C) Sociocentrism. D) Cosmocentrism. E) Antropocentrism.
$$$060 Searching individuality -the peculiar feature of Philosophy... A) Conventialism. B) Life. C) Renaissance. D) Rationalism. E) Conformism.
$$$061 Outstanding philosopher of the Renaissance blamed in heresy and burnt by Inquisition A)Leonardo da Vinci. B) Kusansky. C) L. Valla. D) Campanella. E) Jordano Bruno.
$$$062 Under the Renaissance man was considered to be as A) Man - political creature. B) Man - thinking being. C) Man - political creature possessing the soul. D) Man - creator, artist. E) Man - microcosmos.
$$$063 A characteristic feature of the Philosophy of the Renaissance is: А) Atheism. В) Theologism. С) Sociocentrism. D) Cosmocentrism. Е) Antropocentrism.
$$$064 Philosophic views of ……………….. gave the rise to the utopian ideas of the Renaissance: А) Dante В ) Thomas Moor. С) Erasmus of Rotterdam. D) Lorenzo Vala. Е) Petrarka.
$$$065 The forerunners of Italian natural Philosophy is (born in 1401): А) Kuzansky. В) Copernicus. С) Berkeley. D) Lorenzo de Medichi. Е) Ssavonarola.
$$$066 He founded the Philosophy of policy in the epoch of formation of the early bourgeois relations… А) Mirandola. В) Machiavelli . С) Campanella. D) Cardinal Mazzarini. Е) Cardinal Rischelier.
$$$067 The search for individuality the peculiar feature of Philosophy of…. А) Conventionalism. В) Life. С) Renaissance. D) Rationalism. Е) Conformism.
$$$068 «History is the politics which is taking place at the moment», - concluded… А) Rousseau. В) Machiavelli. С) Campanella. D) Hobbs. Е) Grocius. $$$069 Under the Renaissance man was considered as: А) political being. В) reasonable being. С) product of the society possessing the soul. D ) creator, artist. Е) microcosmos.
$$$070 A thinker of the Renaissance times, the other of the “The Souvereign”»: А) Leonardo da Vinchi. В) Michel de Monteign. С) Erasmus of Rotterdam. D) Nocolo Machiavelli. Е) Thomas Moor.
$$$071 The most chatracteristic feature of Modern Philosophy: A) Pantheism. B) Science centrism. C) Cosmo centrism. D) Theo centrism. E) Humanism.
$$$072 The main postulate of rationalism A) Knowing the world causes doubts. B) Reason - is the main source to know the world. C) Intuition is the highest form of knowledge. D) All knowledge is based on experience. E) The source of knowledge is God's revelation.
$$$073 Representative of Modern Philosophy who said "I think, therefore I am" A) Descartes. B) Locke. C) Bacon. D) Hume. E) Spinoza.
$$$074 When did the statement that science and machinery cause man's mastery on nature appear: A) In Ancient times B) During the Renaissance C) In the Middle Ages D) In Modern Times E) In Ancient China
$$$075 Which of the following subjects did Descartes most admire as a student? A) Mathematics B) Philosophy C) Poetry D) Science E) Chemistry
$$$076 What did Descartes learn in his travels abroad? A) There's no place like home. B) The world is round. C) Different people have different customs. D) Everybody everywhere is pretty much the same. E) East or West home is best.
$$$077 Where did Descartes eventually settle? A) The Netherlands. B) France. C) Germany. D) Spain. E) Poland.
$$$078 The main postulate of the empiricism: A) World is unknowable. B) Reason - is the main source to know the world. C) The highest form of knowledge is intuition. D) All knowledge is based on experience. E) Neither reason nor perceptions are important. $$$079 What kind of idea does Locke consider our idea of the infinite? A) Complex. B) Abstract general. C) Simple. D) Confused. E) Infinity.
$$$080 Which of the following is not a kind of idea according to Locke's classification? A) Simple. B) Mixed mode. C) Nominal. D) Abstract general. E) Phenomenal.
$$$081 On Locke's account of knowledge, what does all knowledge ultimately boil down to? A) Intuition. B) Demonstration. C) Belief. D) Innate ideas. E) Complexity.
$$$082 What is Locke's first target of attack in the Essay? A) Skepticism about the external world. B) Innate propositions. C) Innate ideas. D) Abuses of language. E) Infiniteness of the world.
$$$083 On Locke's theory of meaning, to what do words refer? A) Objects. B) Real essences. C) Categories. D) Ideas. E) Science.
$$$084 According to Locke, a substance is determined by its level of: A) Ontological independence. B) Simplicity. C) Secondary qualities. D) Abstract general ideas. E) Complexity.
$$$085 To which of the following does the phrase "veil of perception" refer? A) The claim that all we are immediately aware of is our ideas. B) The claim that that we are aware of everything that is in our own mind. C) The claim that we cannot know anything for certain. D) The claim that our words refer to ideas. E) The claim that we belong to the infinity.
$$$086 Which of the following does Locke compare color and smell to? A) A dream. B) Exhaustion. C) Sickness. D) A piece of wheat. E) Life.
$$$087 Which of the following ideas does Locke consider to be the likeliest candidate for innateness? A) Idea of oneself. B) Idea of right and wrong. C) Idea of God. D) Idea of numbers. E) Idea of selfishness.
$$$088 What is an adequate idea, according to Locke? A) An idea that perfectly represents whatever it purports to represent. B) An idea that is fresh and exact. C) An idea that the mind perceives as different from all other. D) An idea that has a foundation in nature. E) An idea that mind and soul are adequate.
$$$089 What is a false idea, according to Locke? A) An idea that imperfectly represents whatever it purports to represent. B) An idea that is not fresh and exact. C) An idea that the mind cannot differentiate from others. D) An idea cannot, strictly speaking, be false. E) An idea which is devised from mind.
$$$090 Which of the following would Locke consider the best analogy to the human mind? A) A sieve. B) Flypaper. C) Noodles. D) Tabula Rasa. E) Blackboard.
$$$091 Which of the following is fundamental according to Hume? A) Simple impressions. B) Complex impressions. C) Simply ideas. D) Complex ideas. E) Sensitivity.
$$$092 What is a belief a combination of, according to Hume? A) Probability and imagination. B) Custom and probability. C) Habit and custom. D) Fiction and imagination. E) Imagination.
$$$093 How do we come to infer a connection between cause and effect in Hume’s mind? A) Demonstrative reasoning. B) Moral reasoning. C) Habit. D) A gift from the gods. E) Common sense.
$$$094 Who is the ultimate judge of what is right and what is wrong in human moral practice, according to Hume? A) Society as a whole. B) Each individual on his or her own. C) God. D) There is no rational ground for moral judgment. E) State.
$$$095 How do humans differ from animals in Hume’s view? A) Humans do not rely on instinct. B) Humans can infer necessary connections between events by means of reason. C) Humans learn from experience. D) Humans are very good at drawing general inferences from experience. E) Humans are cleverer.
$$$096 Which of the following philosophers was most deeply influenced by Hume? A) Rene Descartes. B) Immanuel Kant. C) John Locke. D) Nicolas Malebranche. E) Karl Marx.
$$$097 What does theoretical reason show about freedom, according to the first Critique? A) Nothing, except that it can never legislate for or against it. B) That it can not exist because of determinism. C) That adherence to the moral law requires belief in it. D) That it can only truly be obtained by the elimination of desire. E) That it can never be achieved.
$$$098 What does Kant say about Hume's refutation of the reality of causality? A) That it is exactly right, and that it woke him from his dogmatic slumbers. B) That it would be true of noumenal things, but not phenomenal things. C) That it threatened to undermine morality. D) That it invited mysticism, though rightly refuting empiricism. E) That he was absolutely right.
$$$099 When one meets a humble but upright person, how does Kant predict one will feel? A) One feels relieved that moral goodness is obtainable after all. B) One bows, but one's spirit does not bow. C) One is amazed that it is possible to overcome social disadvantages to achieve moral greatness. D) One's self-conceit is struck down by respect for the moral law. E) He is totally upset
$$$100 Which does Kant take as a greater threat to practical reason, mysticism or empiricism? A) Mysticism, for pursuing pleasure can coincide with morality, but pursuing a supersensible kingdom of God is fanaticism. B) Mysticism, for the inscrutable will of God is susceptible to many harmful interpretations. C) Empiricism, for it is the moral natural error for the common run of humanity. D) Empiricism, for Hume's critique of causality has penetrated the thinking of the common man, and threatens to dissolve science. E) Criticism of Hume’s empiricism.
$$$101 Which historical event took place within Kant's lifetime? A) The signing of the Magna Carter. B) The Napoleonic Wars. C) World War I. D) The French Revolution. E) Rebellion of the colonies.
$$$102 Kant quotes a Stoic who cries out, while suffering intense pain, "Pain, however you torment me, I will never admit that you are something evil." He believes the Stoic is: A) Correct, and a good illustration of a philosophical distinction. B) Incorrect, and a good illustration of the confusion philosophy creates. C) Correct and an example of the holy will. D) Incorrect, and an example of self-conceit. E) Correct partially.
$$$103 What is the highest good, in the sense that is the object of pure practical reason? A) That everyone be virtuous. B) That everyone be happy. C) There is no such thing. D) That all virtuous people be happy. E) There is no highest good in everyday life.
$$$104 How does Kant recommend we teach morals? A) We start by discussing the metaphysical foundations of the moral law. B) We start by associating the idea of duty in children's mind with the idea of reward. C) There is no need. Human beings are naturally rational and grow towards the moral law of their own accord. D) We start by discussing particular examples of morally questionable and upright behavior. E) We introduce special course at school
$$$105 What city did Kant live in all his life? A) Konigsberg. B) Moscow. C) Berlin. D) Riga. E) Frankfurt.
$$$106 What is, for Kant, the relation of self-love to morality? A) Acting on self-love opposes the moral law; one's impulses are morally irrelevant as long as one acts on the motive of duty. B) The selfish inclinations are evil. Only when they are eradicated is moral goodness possible. C) Self-love is a valuable ally in moral education, and moral excellence requires a high level of self-esteem. D) It is irrelevant what one's motives in acting are, it only matters that one's actions conform to the rule. E) Selfishness is necessary to survive in the world.
$$$107 How does Kant view the relationship between freedom and morality? A) Following the moral law constricts your freedom. B) A free person can act either morally or immorally. C) Following the moral law is freedom. D) Freedom is irrelevant to question of morality. E) There is a constant controversy between them.
$$$108 How many laws exist, according to Kant, which are suited to governing a free will? A) One. B) Zero. C) No information. D) Many. E) A dozen.
$$$109 Kant regards pure practical reason as: A) Partially constituted by the superego. B) A faculty which philosophers have long understood quite well, though the common run of humanity confuses with self-love. C) Being much less liable to misunderstanding than pure theoretical reason. D) Requiring greatness of soul to properly utilize. E) Motivation of our actions.
$$$110 According to Hegel, the category of original history is defined by: A) The historian’s unbiased view of events. B) The historian’s participation in the times he writes about. C) The blending of folk tales with direct accounts. D) The absence of Spirit in any recognizable form. E) The categories of logic. {Correct answer}=B
$$$111 According to Hegel, the four types of reflective history are: A) Universal, philosophic, critical, and specialized. B) Philosophic, original, critical, and pragmatic. C) Universal, reflective, philosophic, pragmatic. D) Universal, rational, pre-reflective, and original. A) Critical history. B) Universal history. C) Naive history. D) Reflective history. E) Classical history.
$$$113 Hegel believes that history can teach us which lessons for the future? A) None. B) Moral lessons. C) Lessons in statecraft. D) Lessons in correct democracy. E) Ethical lessons.
$$$114 Hegel considers his view of the concept of development to be: A) absolute. B) formalistic. C) concrete. D) absolute and concrete. E) logical.
$$$115 The nature of the stages of history in their most general sense is a subject for: A) Speculative observation. B) Philosophic history. C) The philosophy of spirit. D) Reflective history. E) Philosophical logic.
$$$116 Hegel uses what as a metaphor for Spirit: A) A seed. B) A house. C) A book. D) A star. E) A boat.
$$$117 According to Hegel, The first social consciousness of freedom was realized by: A) The Greeks. B) The Orientals. C) The Germans. D) The Romans. E) The Assyrians.
$$$118 Hegel refers to history as: A) An orchard. B) A slaughter-bench. C) A march of the soldiers of Reason. D) An angel looking backwards. E) Experience.
$$$119 Hegel refers to historical figures like Julius Caesar as: A) World-historical individuals. B) Unconscious history-agents. C) History-engines. D) Pawns. E) Engines.
$$$120 Which two things come together as the means of history, according to Hegel? A) Spirit and nature. B) Time and the infinite. C) Individuals and the masses. D) Idea and human passions. E) World spirit.
$$$121 What is Hegel referring to with the phrase, ‘the material in which the rational end-goal is to be realized’? A) The Spirit. B) Human passion. C) The State. D) Reason. E) Human wisdom
$$$122 According to Hegel, world history should be concerned only with: A) Peoples who revolt. B) Peoples who explicitly reject theocracy. C) People who form States. D) Populations. E) Countries.
$$$123 According to Hegel, which of the following is the prerequisite for the emergence of philosophy? A) Philosophers. B) Educational institutions. C) Culture in general. D) Revolutionary spirit. E) Thinkers.
$$$124 According to Hegel, spirit can be hindered by: A) Nature. B) God. C) The State. D) The ‘cunning of Reason’. E) People.
$$$125 What does Hegel say about the decline of the spirit of a given people? A) It never declines. B) It dies in ‘national suicide’. C) It dies a ‘natural death’. D) It dies in stagnation. E) Loses its strength.
$$$126 Kierkegaard compares Christian writers to which of these professionals? A) lawyers. B) professors. C) doctors. D) carriage drivers. E) teachers.
$$$127 According to Kierkegaard, Socrates defined sin as which of the following: A) arrogance. B) excessive drink. C) despair. D) ignorance. E) misunderstanding.
$$$128 Which of the following is the opposite of sin, according to Kierkegaard ? A) happiness. B) virtue. C) indifference. D) faith. E) reason.
$$$129 According to Kierkegaard, when considered rationally, Christianity's teachings are: A) groovy. B) absurd. C) sensible. D) promising. E) emotional.
$$$130 The most intense sin is according to Kierkegaard: A) Declaring Christianity to be untrue. B) Despairing over one's sins. C) Mass murder. D) Believing that God will not forgive one's sins. E) Not believing in God.
$$$131 What was Kierkegaard's native country? A) Denmark. B) Finland. C) Russia. D) Germany. E) Poland.
$$$132 Which of the following is associated with the universal, in Kierkegaard’s view? A) The aesthetic. B) The ethical. C) The religious. D) Both the aesthetic and the religious. E) philosophic.
$$$133 Which of the following is associated with the absurd, in Kierkegaard’s view? A) The aesthetic, in Kierkegaard’s view B) The ethical. C) The religious. D) Both the aesthetic and the religious. E) The philosophical.
$$$134 Which of the following is associated with the finite, in Kierkegaard’s view? A) The aesthetic. B) The ethical. C) The religious. D) Both the aesthetic and the religious. E) Philosophical. {
$$$135 Which of the following is associated with the single individual, in Kierkegaard’s view? A) The aesthetic. B) The ethical. C) The religious. D) Both the aesthetic and the religious. E) Philosophical.
$$$136 In Marx’s view the amount of labor put into a commodity is a measure of its ________ A) Use-value. B) Value. C) Quantity-value. D) Exploitation-value. E) Amount of value.
$$$137 What does Marx say is the effect of the division of labor on the worker? A) Loss of imagination and character. B) Increased ambition. C) More leisure time. D) Fairer working conditions. E) Less responsibility. {Complexity} = 3
$$$138 In modern society, who owns the means of production, according to Marx? A) The military. B) The Church. C) The capitalists. D) The workers. E) The society.
$$$139 Which writer had concerns similar to Marx's about the impact of the division of labor on human character? A) Aristotle. B) G.W.F. Hegel. C) Edmund Burke. D) Adam Smith. E) David Ricardo.
$$$140 During which century was Capital published? A) 19th century. B) 18th century. C) 17th century. D) 20th century. E) 21st century.
$$$141 Who published the last two volumes of Capital after Marx's death? A) Vladimir Lenin. B) Friedrich Engels. C) Joseph Stalin. D) John Stuart Mill. E) His family.
$$$142 Which of these aspects does not form the essence of Dionysian music? A) The incomparable world of harmony. B) The symbolic power of phenomenon. C) The emotional power of the tone. D) The uniform flow of the melos. E) Uniformity of the sounds. {
$$$143 How does Apollo attempt to calm individual beings? A) By metaphorically carrying them on his shoulders, like Atlas B) By destroying the boundaries that Dionysus draws around the will C) By drawing boundary lines between them D) By imposing a regimen of Egyptian restraint E) By frightening them
$$$144 According to Nietzsche, what is music? A) A beautiful form. B) An immediate copy of the will. C) A copy of the phenomenon. D) A specific aesthetic language. E) Leisure activity.
$$$145 What, according to Nietzsche, was the current academic trend of his day? A) Enthusiastic research into the links between German and Greek culture B) The abandonment of long-standing historiographical thinking C) A general consensus that the rebirth of Greek tragedy was at hand D) The skeptical abandonment of the Hellenic ideal E) Speculative thinking
$$$146 What is the world the totality of, according to Wittgenstein? A) Facts. B) Things. C) Logical objects. D) Donuts. E) Phenomena.
$$$147 What do all facts have in common? A) They are all true. B) They are simple. C) They exist in logical space. D) They deal with abstract concepts. E) They tell us the truth.
$$$148 What do pictures and facts have in common? A) They are both mental acts. B) They both represent only what is the case. C) They share a logical form. D) They have nothing in common. E) They are unknowable.
$$$149 In which field is Wittgenstein's main concern in introducing thoughts? A) Psychology. B) Logic. C) Epistemology. D) Ontology. E) Zoology.
$$$150 What element in reality to the names in propositions correspond to? A) Objects. B) States of affairs. C) Facts. D) People. E) Subjects.
$$$151 How does Wittgenstein conceive of the role of philosophy? A) As determining the fundamental truths about the world. B) As being the construction of propositions that form a coherent conception of the world. C) As being the logical clarification of language. D) Wittgenstein says philosophy should be done away with entirely. E) Philosophy is meaningless.
$$$152 The ideas like “The Sky”, “Umay”, “Zher”, “Su” which influenced Kazakh world outlook are referred to medieval philosophic-religious teaching: A) Manichean. B) Buddhism. C) Tengrianism. D) Zoroastrism. E) Shamanism.
$$$153 Central problem of Abay’s philosophy: А) Problem of nature. В ) Problem of man. С) Problem of knowledge. D) Problem of beauty. Е) Problem of society.
$$$154 Philosophical work of Kazakh thinker Shakarim is called: А) Abay’s Way. В) Botagoz. D) In the presence of conscience . E) In the presence of heart.
$$$156 What was the main problem considered in the works of A. Baytursinov: А) Freedom of a man. В) Interrelation of nature and society. С) Problems of humanism. D) Problems of Kazakh language and literary work . Е) Problems of preservation of the life on the Earth.
$$$157 Who wrote the poem “The Lost Life” (Adaskan Omyr): А) Abay. В ) Torayghyrov. С) Dulatov. D) Bayturssinov. Е) Mukanov.
$$$158 Sh. Valikhanov’s work is А) “Bogde Adam”. В) “Metaphysics”. D) Abay . E) S. Mukanov.
Did Korkyt ata find eternal life? A) No, he came to the conclusion of uselessness of the life. B) Found in Zheruyik. C) Found in Gulistan. D) Found in the sounds of kobyz, in spirituality. E) Found in the material world.
$$$161 What does “Zhety Zharghy” mean? A) Laws of Ablaykhan B) Laws of Chenghizhan C) Laws of Tamerlan D) Laws of Kazakhs in the XVIII century E) Laws of Rome
Questions for second year’s students SDU (Do not forget – form of the questions will be changed!!!!!! Content - will not!) 1. When did philosophy begin? a) 6 th Century B.C. b) 17th Century B.C. c) 4th Century B.C. d) 19th Century B.C. e) 9th Century B.C.
2. Where did philosophy begin? a) in Ancient Egypt b) in Ancient England c) in Ancient Spain d) in Ancient Greece e) in Middle East
3. The first "scientists" in Ancient Greece were called… a) thinkers b) clever men c) natural philosophers d) ideal philosophers e) speakers
4. Complete the sentence. Philosophy is … a) mathematical science . b)the form of human spiritual activity c) the way of the death d) the form of the art e) the form of the exercises
5. What does philosophy involve? a) reflection about computer programmer b) reflection about pronunciation skills c) funny stories d) detectives |
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