Questions for graduate students

 

1. One of the reasons which explains differences between ancient Greek science and practice:

A)needlessness of scientific knowledge and practice

B)lack of interest to the engineering sciences

C)attitude to work as inheritance slavery, lack of interest to the improving of production and technology

 D)the uncultivated of labor practices

 E) Inhibition of developing of science by church service

 

2. The period of genesis began:

A) from antiquity

B) from XIX cent.

C) from XVIII cent.

D) from the second part of XX cent.

E) from XVII cent.

 

3. The goal which was formed by Socrates , is to define:

A)The truth

B)the laws of right thinking

C)the limits of unbelief

D)the area of philosophy       

E)the area of anthology

 

4. The Philosophy of science researching area:

a) epistemology;
b) logic;
c) metaphysics;
d) Ontology;
e) the field of science and scientific knowledge

 

5. The main problem of the Philosophy of science?

a) the problem of existence;
b) the problem of consciousness;
c) thinking and its laws;
d) scientific discovery and development of science;
e) the problem of methodology.

 

6. Medieval thesis was: science, and …

a) practice;
b) theory;
c) methodology;
d) the truth;
e) theology.

 

7. The development of science during medieval period was:

a) extensive;
b) intense;
c) informative;
d) application;
e) theoretical

 

8. According to the interpretation of the Middle Ages, Truth and Perfection translated:

a) in space;
b) in humans;
c) in God;
d) in nature;
e) in the church.

 

9. Subject of philosophy and history of the science?

a) Logical thinking
b) theory of subject
c) history of philosophy
d) figures
e) science and its result

 

10 Historically first form of philosophical description of the science?

a) atomism of Greeks
b) Interconnection between the science
c) practical science
d) construction of universal methodology
e) natural philosophy

 

11. When was happened the philosophical description of the science?

a) In Ancient times
b) in modern times
c) In Medieval period
d) at the end of XIX century
e) in XVI

 

 

12. Call the scientific methods of cognition.  

a) analysis, synthesis, intuition

b) theory, analogy, analysis, power of the will

c) experiment, theory, analogy, analysis, synthesis .

d) power of the passion, analysis, synthesis

e) analysis, synthesis, discussion

 

 

13. Call the theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements?

a) atomism

b) cosmism

c) neotomism

d) elementism

e) objectivism

 

 

14. The goal of science is control the nature. This thesis is linked with:

A)ancient Greek science

B)medieval theology

C)Renaissance

D) modern science

E) Enlightenment

 

 

15. Choose the adequate definition of science:

A) collective notion relative to a variety of scientific disciplines

B) science means basic science

C) science is a system of scientific knowledge

D) science is a producing of new knowledge

E) science is a system of researching institutions

 

16. Science was formed as an independent institution:

A) during modern time

B) during antique civilization

C) in the beginning of XX cent.

D) during XIX cent.

E) during Renaissance

 

 

17. The classic period of science associated with:

А) the beginning of XX cent

B) XVII-XIX cent.

C) the realizing of scientific and technological revolution

D) the modern life

E) the forming of basic sciences

 

18. The founder of all modern experimental science was:

A) D. Descartes

B) B. Spinoza

C) T. Gobbs

D) F. Beckon

E) C. Furye

 

19. Choose conception and determinants of Sciences

A) producing and the state

B) the union of outstanding scientists

C) Intellectual and pragmatic

D) ekstirialistic and interialistic

E) society and its leader

 

20. The basic function of scientific activity is attitudinal one which peculiars to the period:

A) up to XVII cent.

B) up to the first part of XX cent.

C) up to XIX cent.

D) till the beginning of XX cent.

E) till the nowadays

 

21. Highlight the main features of modern time:

A) The main issue is scholastic one

B) Science bowing to the authority of the church

C) Science is busy searching for philosophical stone, magic and alchemy

D) there are applications industry, the focus of science at the finished result, the notion of unity of science is gone

E) Science is above the applied problems, limit the foundation of the world is main problem

 

22. At the turn of what century classical period of science enters to the new nonclassical phase?

A) in the beginning of XX cent.

B) from the XVII to XVIII cent.

C) at the turn of XX- XXI cent.

D) in the end of XIX- the beginning of XX cent.

E) from XVII to XX cent.

 

23. Which of following features characterize nonclassical science?

A) intensification of ways to mix scientific knowledge, complication of the objects of science

B) information to explain phenomena and processes to mechanical interaction

C) tradisionalizm and Conseptualism

D) the preservation of basic facilities of classical science

E) formatting of new methods

 

24.Highlight basic internal facilities of the nonclassical science period:

A) monism and mechanicizm

B) systematic process and traditionalism

C) pluralism and experimentation

D) absence of any facilities

E) synthesis of Sciences

 

25. Postnonclassicall science is a period associated with:

A) the beginning of XX cent.

B) modern time

C) the second part of XX cent.

D) the beginning of XIX cent.

E) the turn of XX- XXI cent.

 

 

26. The basic principle of postnonclassical science:

A) the principle of universal evolutionism

B) the principle of subsidiarity

C) the principle of systemic

D) the principle of monism

E) the principle of reductionism

 

 

27. What are the social functions of society poses to science

A) methodological and philosophical

B) philosophical and prognostic

C) basic and applied

D) theoretical and practical

E) philosophical, productive and social forces

 

28. The mixing of science with production happened with the help of:

A) mathematical process of sciences

B) forming of new technologies

C) diversification of sciences

D) transforming of production to the scientific production

E) integration of Sciences

 

 

29. What is the meaning of new technological orientation of science?

A) science intrudes into production management

B) Science automates production

C) Science becomes a factor of production and poduction becomes area of application of science

D) diversification of sciences, the emergence of aplied siences

E) forming of the system of technical sciences

 

30. From the second part of XX century science entered a new task-oriented in its development:

A) diagnostic

B) managerial

C) scientiozitional

D) personal

E) informational

 

31.Levels of scientific knowledge:

a) Empirical and theoretical;

b) Applied and analytical;

c) World outlook and methodological;

d) Traditional and modern;

e) Scientific and  extrascientific.

32. The main task of empirical level of knowledge:

a) Theoretical explanation of object;

b) Analytical research of object;

c) the description of object of knowledge;

d) Object comparison;

e) Falsification of object of knowledge.

33.The basic forms of empirical level of knowledge:

a) Theoretical knowledge;

b) Empirical knowledge;

c) Initial knowledge;

d) Experimental knowledge;

e) The scientific fact and empirical generalisation,

34.The basic methods of empirical knowledge:

a) Comparison, experiment, induction;

b) Formalisation and falsification;

c) Axiomatic method;

d) System and structurally functional methods;

e) Modelling methods.

35.Allocate supervision forms:

a) Extensive and intensive;

b) Physical and mechanical;

c) Laboratory and natural;

d) Local and volume;

e) Direct and mediated.

36.Comparison as a method makes sense:

a) Only at empirical level;

b) At all levels of knowledge;

c) To homogeneous objects for the purpose of revealing of similarity orDistinctions;

d) Only at level of sensation, perception;

e) Everywhere, it is universal.

37. When have arisen axiological science’s bases?

a) after the Second World War;

b) After nuclear bombardment of Hiroshima and Nagasaki;

c) After expansion of a scientific and technological revolution and its results;

d) Efforts of scientists-atomshchikov;

e) After creation аксиологии.

38. Allocate fundamental values of a science:

a) Evolution, revolution;

b) Crises, norms;

c) True, scientific rationality;.,

d) Magic, astrology;,

e) сциентизм, антисциентизм.

 

39. Allocate values of a science on R. Merton:

a) rationality, organisation;

b)  generality, indifference, organised­ scepticism;

c) Justice, the validity, morals, the blessing;

d) Force,pragmatics , rationality;

e) cosmopolitism, indifference, morals, ­ progressiveness.

40.Experiment-it is:

a) Method of theoretical research;

b) Method of empirical research;

c) The core of empirical research also is used forProofs of the validity of theoretical knowledge;

d) Method of fundamental sciences;

e) Method of experimental skilled sciences.

41.The problem is a structural component:

a) Empirical research;

b) Theoretical research;

c) Experiment;

d) Induction;

e) paradigms

42.The hypothesis is the form of knowledge containing:

a) The assumption, which true value requiresIn the proof;

b) Problem which is necessary for learning;

c) Judgement of axiomatic character;I

d) Set of natural knowledge of a number of the phenomena;

e) Fundamental concepts of a science.

43.Any scientific theory should satisfy two Requirements :

a) Presence of initial empirical base and methodology;

b) Problem and hypothesis presence;

c) It is experimentally confirmed and theoretically proved­

d)  Consistency of its basis ;

e) To be equitable to interests of a science and to contain the new scientific facts.

 

44.The formalisation method transfers reasonings on object to a plane

a) Formulas;

b) Symbols;

c) Axioms;.

d) Theories;

e) Experiment...

45.The modelling method is a method of research:

a) Establishing similarity between the nonidenticalObjects;

b) Dividing object on components;

c) Connected with formation idealistic objects;

d) Ascending from the general to the individual;

e) Reproducing object characteristics on model.

 

46.In science history in method application two extreme measures were observed

'a) negativism and euphoria;

b) Anarchism and conservatism;.

c) эволюционизм and revolution;.

d) Pithiness and formalism;

e) Objectivism and subjectivity.

47.The true is result not only scientific research,But also:

a) Society level of development;.

b) Requirements of practice;

c) Concepts of scientific development;

d) Conditions of the scientist;

e) Adequate method.

48. The Aristotelevsky concept of true asserts, that:

a) The true is result of the contract of scientists;

b) True - that is useful for a science at present;

c) The true is a conformity of the validity; 

d) The true is a correspondence of knowledge;

e) The true is a system of valid knowledge.

49.Induction - a research method in which the conclusion is under construction ­ on a basis

a) Experiment;

b) Axioms;

c) Hypotheses;

d) Theories;

e) Private parcels.

50. The coherent concept of true asserts, that:

a) Truly only that knowledge which corresponds ­ to the validity

b) The true is result of the contract of scientists;

c) The true is only that is pragmatic;

d) The statement accepted by all simultaneously is true;

e) Truly that is received by logic rules from true positions

f)

51.Initial method of empirical research ­is

a) Experiment;

b) Axiom;

c) Induction;

d) Supervision;

e) Model.

52. The basic requirements to a method of the empirical description:

a) Reliability, accuracy and completeness of data on object;

b) Objectivity and структурность knowledge of object;

c) Theoretical completeness and the empirical facts;

d) Consistency and hierarchy of the description;

e) Description orientation to a definite purpose.

53. The methodology has two major importances:

a) As system of methods and as the doctrine about the method;

b) As the doctrine about general scientific and частнонаучных methods;

c) As the doctrine about history of formation of methods of a science and their classification

d) As philosophical methodology and частнонаучная methodology­;

e) As the doctrine about functions of a method and as the doctrine about фальсифицируемости methods.

54.The basic function of a method:

a) Regulation of scientifically-informative activity;

b) Operating by the scientific facts;

c) Explanation of causal and other laws;

d) предсказывание the new scientific facts;

e) Connection of levels of knowledge.

55.The purpose of scientific knowledge:

a) The scientific fact;

b) Scientific knowledge;

c) Gnoseology development;

d) Perfection of methods;

e) True.

56. Allocate valuable installations of an Ancient Greek science:

a) Embodiment of scientific ideas in the technician;

b) Perfection of work under the influence of a science;

c) A pure science», released from ­utility reasons­

d)  Maintenance with the society blessings;

e) Basis of progress of the state.

57. Allocate valuable installation of a science of New time:

a) Science - panacea from natural and social harms;

b) Science - disinterested service to true;

c) The science - stimulus only for the science, to it is not present business to ­a society;

d) The science is sovereign and in it its value;

e) Science - the engine of material culture.

58.Who asserted, that knowledge scientifically if it precisely ­reproduces object, irrespective of the subject, with speed of "flying" opinion does not address in lie

a) Platon;,

b) V.Descartes;

c) F.Bacon;

d) T.Kun;

e) O.Kont.

f)

59.By F.Bacon definition false interpretation, not true ­ values of knowledge are called

a) Symbols;

b) In the images;.

c) Medal back;

d) Errors;

e) Idols.

60.What concerns to “Ethos” of the sciences on R.Mertonu?

a) System of methods of the given science;

b) System of the institutes united by one scientific problem;

c) Complex of the values prevailing over scientists;

d) Successes of a science in its history;

e) The system of functions claimed by society.

 

 

61. What is universalism as the value of science (by Robert Merton):
a) universalism is the objectivity of scientific knowledge and objectivity in its assessment;
b) the truth of scientific knowledge and objective assessment of its significance;
c) universalization of its methods;
d) the purpose of science is achievement of application;
e) the search for a single universal technology of the truth achievement.
62. Positive knowledge of O. Comte is:
a) a system of applied knowledge;

b) a system of theoretical knowledge;

c) a system of precision knowledge gained only through empirical science;
d) a combination of science knowledge;
e) speculative knowledge.
63. The main objective of philosophy from the «second positivism» viewpoint is:
a) methodology;
b) epistemology;

c) ontology;
d) logic;
e) culture.
64. The central problem of post positivism is:
a) criticism of the first positivism;
b) the rationale of philosophy;
c) audit methodology of science;
d) a study of best practices knowledge;
e) positive knowledge.
65. The criterion for demarcation of knowledge is:
a) practice;
b) science;

c) experiment;

d) society;
e) principle of falsification.

66. What is the delusion function by K. Popper:
a) delusion is motive force of establishment and improvement of knowledge;
b) delusion is an experiment’s support;
c) delusion is motivation for scientists;
d) delusion is food for science;
e) delusion - search area for practice.
67. «Structure of Scientific Revolutions» is the work of:
a) K. Popper;
b) S. Tulmin;
c) T. Kuhn;
d) M. Polanyi;
e) O. Conte.
68. Can philosophy in the view of K. Popper participate in the principle of falsification?
a) Yes;
b) No;
c) more likely yes than no;
d) more likely no than yes;
e) depends on it.
69. Paradigm is:
a) a ratio of evolution and revolution in science;
b) a system of methodology of science;
c) value system of science;
d) a scientific community, the scientific achievements of which develop science;

e) a foundation of science.
70. Paradigm’s function is:
a) historical and analytical;
b) disciplinary and scientific;
c) cognitive and normative;
d) methodological and philosophical;
e) modeling and conceptual.

 

71. Development of science by T.Kuhn is:
a) paradigm change;
b) methodology change;
c) change of scientific community;
d) theory change;
e) change of science values.
72. Development of science by I. Lakatos is:
a) synthesis of normal science and revolution;
b) paradigm change;
c) competition process and SRP change;
d) regress replaced by progress;
e) reproduction and theory competition.
73. SRP (scientific-research program) is:
a) a paradigm;
b) a system of theories, linked by common principles;
c) a set of theories;
d) a system of techniques;
e) a set of scientific facts.

74. … considers that science should have the sole principle: «everything is acceptable»:
a) P. Feyerabend;
b) T. Kuhn;
c) S. Tulmin;
d) K. Popper;
e) M. Polanyi.

75. The status of philosophy by K. Popper:
a) is not science, but it has meaning, can participate in falsification;
b) is speculative knowledge, which is impossible to verify in practice;
c) can be saved as a cultural phenomenon;
d) as a methodological tool may be included in the paradigm;
e) the common universal philosophy came to an end, and the applied is only being formed.
76. According to P. Feyerabend the following principle should prevail in science:
a) clarity, objectivity, possibility to apply in practice;
b) everything is permitted that gives a meaningful result;
c) proliferation (reproduction) of theories;
d) conservatism, selection and innovation;
e) practice and only practice will prove the truth of scientific fact.
77. The key trend of scientific development by S. Tulmin:
a) evolving rationality;
b) paradigm change;
c) a scientist’s personality and his/her axiological position;
d) a normal course of science is replaced by a revolution;
e) explanation and application performance.
78. Two aspects of «personal knowledge» by M. Polanyi are:
a) an objective and preconceived (or subjective).

b) theoretical and empirical;
c) explicit and implicit;

d) speculative and concrete;
e) conceptual and hypothetical.
79. The two major paradigms of economy in the second half of the XX century are:

a) mainstream theory and theory of socio-economic analysis;
b) labor value theory and theory of class factor;
c) surplus value theory and developed socialism theory;
d) marginal utility theory and political economy theory;
e) excess profit theory and theory of postindustrial society.
80. Who introduced «human understanding» term in Philosophy of Science?
a) K. Popper;
b) M. Polanyi;
c) S. Tulmin;
d) E. Mah;
e) T. Kuhn.
81. “All cognitive traditions have equal rights in science” - said:
a) E. Max;
b) T. Kuhn;
c) P. Feyerabend;
d) S. Tulmin;

e) Karl Marx.
82. «Scientific community» by T. Kuhn is:
a) holistic entity of scientific activity;
b) a subject of science;

c) community of scientists;
d) scientists of sectoral science;
e) The National Academy of Sciences.

83. «The proof and disproof» work belong to:
a) M. Polanyi;
b) F. Engels;
c) A. Smith;
d) I. Lakatos;
e) L. Wittgenstein.
84. In progressive SRP:
a) heuristic dominates;
b) regressive processes are intensified;
c) empyrean is ahead of theory;
d) there is a significant number of PhDs;
e) theory is ahead of empyrean.
85. According to K. Popper criterion of scientific status of theory is:
a) practice;
b) falsifiability;
c) confirmation in experiment;
d) production;
e) agreement among scientists.
86. The founder of positivism is:
a) E. Mah;

b) H. Spencer;
c) O. Comte;
d) B. Russell;

e) M. Polanyi.
87. Select the method of theoretical research:
a) induction;
b) comparison;
c) surveillance;
d) formalization;

e) experience.
88. Ancient philosophy derived scientific picture of the world from:

a) a myth;
b) experience;
c) theory;

d) experiment;
e) abstract and theoretical design of the world.
89. What is the meaning of Bacon’s rational new science:
a) the purpose of science is the truth;
b) the purpose of science is satisfaction of scientists’ validity;
c) the purpose of science is domination over the nature;
d) the purpose of science is Community Service;
e) the purpose of science is fertilization of science itself.
90. What is the scientific law in Henry Poincare concept?
a) truth;
b) scientific fact;
c) theory;
d) protocol proposal;
e) convention for convenient description of events.
91. What is philosophy of science attitude to multiple off-science knowledge?
a) carries out irreconcilable struggle;
b) classical philosophy has always included a myth, magic and mystics;

c) it tries to systematize all the off-rational knowledge;
d) totally indifferent to it, and exists in parallel to it;
e) two opposites, therefore there is no attitude.
92. Modeling techniques is based on the principle of:
a) isomorphism;
b) consistency;
c) conventionalism;
d) similarity;
e) design.
93. “Scientific law is conditionally accepted provisions for convenience” is stated in:
a) neopositivism;
b) pragmatism;
c) empiricism;
d) conventionalism;
e) Marxism.
94. What is the meaning of «linguistic turn» of Philosophy of Science?

a) the subject of philosophy of science is language of science as a way of showing knowledge, and efforts to analyze this knowledge;
b) the essence of “turn” is to create new categories;
c) in connection of linguistics and philosophy;
d) the language picture of the world becomes the subject of philosophy;
e) clarification of conceptual apparatus of science with the help of Linguistics.

 

95.The modelling method is a method of research:

f) Establishing similarity between the nonidenticalObjects;

g) Dividing object on components;

h) Connected with formation идеализированных objects;

i) Ascending from the general to the individual;

j) Reproducing object characteristics on model.

 

96.In history of the science in method application two extreme measures were observed

'a) negativism and euphoria;

f) Anarchism and conservatism;.

g) эволюционизм and revolution;.

h) Pithiness and formalism;

i) Objectivism and subjectivity.

97.The true is result not only scientific research,But also:

f) Society level of development;.

g) Requirements of practice;

h) Concepts of scientific development;

i) Conditions of the scientist;

j) Adequate method.

 

 

98. Call the school of philosophy taught by the academics (or schoolmen) of medieval universities circa 1100 - 1500.

a) peripatetism

b) aristorelism

c) scholasticism

d) Platonism

e) atomism

 

99. How have the many various social and political movements, and a significant body of religious and secular literature which based upon the idea of paradise on earth been called?   

a) cosmocentrism

b) utopianism

c) peripatetism

d) rationalism

e) naturalism

 

100. Call the the doctrine according which "vital forces" are active in living organisms, where the life cannot be explained solely by mechanism.

a) vitalism

b) pragmatism

c) post structuralism

d) Deconstruction

e) Hermeneutics

 

101. The attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. It is especially associated with the attempt to merge and analogize several originally discretetraditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, and thus assert an underlying unity.

a) scientism

b) discretism

c) disparatism

d) syncretism

e) politism

 

102. The philosophical notion that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism.

a) atheistic atomism

b) agnostic pluralism 

c) social existentialism

d) agnostic atheism –

e) pragmatism

 

103. The apparently paradoxical idea that a proposition or theory cannot be scientific if it does not admit the possibility of being shown false.

a) truth

b) evil

c) falsificationism

d) empiriocriticism

e) scientism

 

104. Philosophical notion according which any justification or knowledge theory in epistemology holds beliefs are justified (known) when they are based on basic beliefs (also called foundational beliefs).

a) foundationalism

b) systematism

c) structuralism

d) monism

e) vitalism

 

105. In medieval philosophy the belief that properties, usually called Universals, exist independently of the things that manifest them.

a) rationalism

b) atheism

c) theism

d) realism

e) nominalism

 

106. The typology employed by political scientists to describe modernregimes in which the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior.

a) democratism

b) monarchy

c) communism

d) socialism

e) totalitarianism

 

107. An epistemic theory of truth based on the idea that the mind engages in a certain kind of activity: "verifying" a proposition.

a) vitalism

b) verism

c) verificationism –

d) propositionism

e) activism

 

108.The various mystical initiatory religions, sects and knowledge schools, which were most prominent in the first few centuries CE.

a) gnosticism

b) atheism

c) monism

d) pluralism

e) theism

 

109. The philosophical view according which the meaning and value of human beliefs and behaviors have no absolute reference.

a) realism

b) relativism

c) cognitivism

d) dualism

e) monism

 

110. Political theory which argues that one person should hold all power.

a) political absurdism

b) political power

c) political democracy

d) tneism

e) political absolutism

 

111. Call the Enlightenment philosophers.

a) Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire

b) I. Kant, Hegel, Fichter

c) Plato, Lenin, Aristotle 

d) Socrates, Pythagoras, Voltaire

e) Derrida, Nitscher, Plato

 

112. Call the philosopher which is belonged to structuralism.

a)Voltaire

b) Lenin

c) Nitscher

d) Aristotle

e) Ferdinand de Saussure

 

113. The famous I. Kant’s work.

a) “The philosophical analyses”

b) “The Metaphysics of Ethics”

c) “The critics of Greek philosophy”

d) “The philosophy of will”

e) “The will of power”

 

114. What does Renaissance mean?

a) strong philosophy

b) dark age

c) rebirth or recovery.  

d) light age

e) enlightenment

 

115. The famous Kazakh philosopher .

a) Shakarim.

b) Ablay-khan 

c) Avicenna

d) al-Gazaly

e) al-Biruni

 

116. In philosophy a rigorous discipline dealing with such concepts as: object, state of affairs, property, genus, species, identity, unity, plurality, number, relation, connection, causation, series, part, whole, dependence, existence, magnitude, boundary, manifold, set, class, etc.

a) atheism

b) ontology

c) feminism

d) rationalism

e) criticism

 

117. Complete the sentence. Renaissance has its origins…

a)in Germany and is associated with the rebirth of Buddhist civilization

b) in China and is associated with the rebirth of Indian and Greco-Roman civilization

c) in Spain and is associated with the rebirth of Egypt civilization

d) in Russia and is associated with the rebirth of French civilization

e) in Italy and is associated with the rebirth of antiquity or Greco-Roman civilization

 

118. What school of philosophy attempted to prove God's existence? Many medieval thinkers greatly influenced future philosophers and rationalists who What century did philosophy begin?

a) atomist

b) materialist

c) rationalists

d) communistic

e) nominalistic

 

119. Call the Gilson’s book.

a) "Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages".

b) Beauty and the evil

c) Will of power

d) Philosophy and metaphysic

e) Democritus and epicures

 

120. Call the Thomas Aquinas’ book.

a) "Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages".

b) "Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas"

c) Philosophy and metaphysic

d) Absolute spirit

e) Will of power

 

121. What philosophers are belonged to medieval century?

a) Voltaire, Russo

b) Hegel, Kant

c) Augustine, Ancelm

d) Lao-zy, Buddha

e) Diderote, Derrida 

 

122. Complete the sentence. Middle Ages associated with:

a) the rebirth of Buddhist civilization

b) the rebirth of antiquity or Greco-Roman civilization

c) the Black Death, economic, political and social crises and with “Dark Ages”

d) rise of art, culture and science

e) nature, music and development of technologies

 

123. What great changes from the fifteenth century took place affecting public and social spheres of Europe and then the rest of the world?

a) the basis of the modern European civilization and capitalist system were founded.

b) the basis of the Egypt civilization and communism system were founded.

c) the basis of the Asian civilization and feudalistic system were founded.

d) the basis of the modern European civilization and feudalistic system were founded.

e) the basis of the modern American civilization and communistic system were founded.

 

 

124. Complete the sentence. Humanism was a form of …

a) structuralism

b) materialism based on the study of theism

c) geography based on the study of Bible

d) religion

e) education and culture based on the study of classics.

 

125. Choose wrong statement.

a) in Renaissance philosophy a change was expressed through an assimilation of Platonic philosophy into Christianity by means of translation and interpretation.

b) social philosophy is characterized by what could be called a new anthropocentrism.

c) Thomism – the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas.

d) I. Kant is an transcendental idealist

e) atomism the theory that all the ideas in the universe are composed of very small, destructible words.

 

126. Choose wrong statement.

 a) Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

b) Thomism – the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas.

c) philosophy of science, branch of philosophy that emerged as an autonomous discipline in the 11th cent., especially through the work of Augustus, Ancelm, Plato and I. Kant

d) structuralism is the theory that uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves.

e) philosophy of science, branch of philosophy that emerged as an autonomous discipline in the 19th cent., especially through the work of Auguste Comte, J. S. Mill, and William Whewell

 

127. Choose wrong statement.

a) accidentalism claims that any system of thought denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance

b) Pragmatism originated in the United States in the late 1800s.

c) Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

c) panentheism a form of theism that holds that god contains, but is not identical to, the Universe.

d) Enlightenment philosophy is a period marked by significant changes. Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot  are the representatives of Enlightenment.

e) monism – the metaphysical and theological view that there are million principles, essences, substances or energies.

 

128. Choose wrong statement.

a) Chinese philosophy has its origin in France

b) science draws conclusions about the way the world is and the way in which scientific theory relates to the world.

c) scientism is a synonym of positivism, a common ideology in the 19th and 20th century which places its trust in scientific progressand only in scientific progress.

d) deism – the view that reason, rather than revelation or tradition, should be the basis of belief in God.

e) vitalism – the doctrine that "vital forces" are active in living organisms, so that life cannot be explained solely by mechanism.

 

129. Choose right statement.

a) I. Kant is German materialist.

b) Plato is Indian philosopher

c) Hegel is an idealist

d) Russo is German scientist 

e) Lenin is a teacher of I. Kant

 

130. Choose right statement.

a) materialism is the view that reason, rather than revelation or tradition, should be the basis of belief in God.

b) materialism – the philosophical view that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter;

c) materialism is form of idealism

d) materialism is form of religion

e) materialism is the doctrine that "vital forces" are active in living organisms.

 

 

131. Choose right statement.

a) verificationism – an epistemic theory of truth based on the idea that the mind engages in a certain kind of activity: "verifying" a proposition.

b)religion draws conclusions about the way the world is and the way in which scientific theory relates to the world.

c) monism is the theory that uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves.

d) monism – the metaphysical and theological view that there are million principles, essences, substances or energies.

e) by helenism any system of thought denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance

 

 

132. The age of the Renaissance is:

a) approximately from 1350 to 1550.

b) from 1250 to 1850

c) approximately from 1550 to 1800

d) approximately from 1100 to 1300

e) from 1000 to 1800

 

133. Which of these philosophers championed deism.?

a) Plato

b) Derrida

c) I. Kant

d) Hegel

e) Voltaire

 

134. Who considers that early Greek philosophers do have important things to tell us about the world?

a) Abay

b) Albert

c) Democritus

d) Heraclitus

e) Epicures

 

135. Complete the sentence. The origins of the Enlightenment are closely associated with…

a) England and its philosophers as I. Kant and Hegel

b) Greece and its philosophers as Marx and Ancelm

c) France and its philosophers such as Voltaire, Rousseau and others.

d) Greece and its philosophers as Plato and Aristotle

e) Spain and its philosophers as Augustus and Ancelm

 

136 . Complete the sentence. Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel which can be summed up by a favorite motto by Hegel… "

a) The immanent is real

b) The world made of air

c) All worldly life is unsatisfactory, disjointed, containing suffering.

d) The river where you set your foot just now is gone- those waters giving way to this, now this.

e) The rational alone is real".

 

137. Complete the sentence. The Enlightenment has been fostered by the …

a) remarkable thoughts of Indian philosophers

b) remarkable discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century.

c)remarkable discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventh century.

d) distinguished Chinese philosophers of discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century.

e) remarkable discoveries of the Glorious Revolution of the eighteenths century.

 

 

138. Complete the sentence. Reason – was the word used the most frequently during the…

a) Modern period

b) Renaissance

c) Ancient Greek century

d) Enlightenment

e) Medieval period

 

139. Who made a great contribution to the Enlightenment with creation of the famous Encyclopedia (Classified Dictionary of Science, Arts and Trades)?

a) Russo

b) I. Kant

c) Hegel

d) Diderot,

e) K. Marx

 

140. Complete the sentence. The term "German Idealism" refers to a phase of intellectual life that had its origin in the …

a) Enlightenment

b) Modern period

c) Antiquity

d) Renaissance

e) Russia philosophy

 

141. Whom the conceptual framework of German Idealism was provided by?

a) Russo

b) Deidre

c) Linnets

d) Immanuel Kant

e) Marx

 

142. Who considered that phenomenal world, is produced a priori by the activity of consciousness?

a) Plato

b) Aristotle

c) Marx

d) Hegel

e) I. Kant

 

143. Which of philosophers considered that phenomenal world takes its rise in the absolute, self-determined will of God?

a) Marx

b) Aristotle 

c) Schelling

d) Democritus

e) Feuerman

 

144. Who interpreted the process of development in a purely idealistic manner as the unconscious opposition of the Absolute to itself?

a) Fichte

b) Plato

c) Democritus

d) Socrates

e) Lenin

 

145. In philosophy devotion to a single god with accepting the existence of other gods.

a) atheism

b) materialism

c) atomism

d) henotheism

e) elementism

 

146.The Moslem holy book is:

 a) Bible

b) Koran

c) Vedas

d) Taidus

e) The book of change

 

147. What century of philosophy is determinated by the activities of Sören Kierkegaard, Karl Barth, Friedrich Nietzsche?

a) Medieval period

b) nineteenth century 

c) Ancient Greek

d) Enlightenment

e) Ancient East

 

148. Who professed himself to be “a follower of Dionysus, the god of life’s exuberance”, and declared that he hoped Dionysus would replace Jesus as the primary cultural standard for future millennia?

a) I. Kant

b) Abay

c) Derrida

d) Lenin

e)  Nietzsche

 

149. Who considered that we are all part of a vast single will which is the entire universe, and any sense of individuality is pure illusion?

a) Aristotle

b) Schopenhauer

c) Abay

d) Engels

e) Marx

 

150. How do we call the idea that two or more moral values may be equally ultimate (true), yet in conflict?

a) etimologism

b) scientism

c) value pluralism

d) nominalism

e) Hegelianism

 

151. Contemporaryphilosophy       is represented by following schools:

a) rationalism, nominalism, idealism 

b) existentialism, scientism, structuralism, pragmatism, positivism.

c) materialism, theism, deism, seminarism, systemalism, voluntarism

d) aristotelism, Platonism, atomism, dualism, monism.

e) structuralism, deism, phofism, atheism, critcism

 

152. What philosophical  theory uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves?

a) atheism

b) structuralism,

c) deism

d) ethics

e) aesthetics

 

153. Call the philosophers of modern period.

a) R. Barthes, M. Foucault, J. Derrida

b) Hegel, Kant, Fichter,

c) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates

d) Augustus, Anselm, Ibn-Cina

e) Buddha, Lao-zy, Jina 

 

 

154. Which of them is belonged to poststructuralism?

a) Derrida

b) Augustus

c) Ancelm

d) Ibn-Cina

e) Plato

 

155. What philosophical direction refers to the ideology of science as the only legitimate truth and to a conception of social progress as necessary and brought forth by technological development?

a) monism

b) Platonism

c) theism

d) scientism

e) atheism

 

156. Who has created the theory of deconstruction?

a) Marx

b) Derrida

c) Russo

d) Kant

e) Bruno

 

157 Through the work of what philosophers is philosophy of science emerged as an autonomous discipline?

a) Ibn-Cina, al-Faraby, al-Gazaly

b) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates

c) Bruno, Diderote, Russo

d) Lenin, Marx, Engels 

e) Auguste Comte, J. S. Mill, and William Whewell

 

158. Call the Arabian philosophers.

a) Ibn-Cina, al-Faraby, al-Gazaly

b) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates

c) Derrida, Marx, Kant

d) al-Gazaly, Hegel, Russo

e) Aristophanes, al-Gazaly, Abay.

 

159. Who was the second teacher after Aristotle? 

a) Augustus

b) al-Gazaly

c) al-Faraby

d) Ibn-Cina

e) Kant

 

160. Who was the first teacher of philosophy ? 

a) Aristotle

b) Socrates

c) Plato

d) Aristophanes

e) Pythagoras

 

 

161. Which of these philosophers was an idealist?

a) Marx

b) Engels

c) Lenin

d) Aristotle

e) Plato

 

162. Which of these philosophers was a materialist?

a) Plato

b) Hegel

c) Kant

d) Marx

e) Fichter

 

163. Which of these philosophers was a subjective idealist ?

a) I. Kant

b) J.J. Russo

c) Plato

d) Hegel

e) Lenin

 

164. Which of these philosophers was a objective idealist ?

a) Voltaire

b) Marx 

c) Hegel

d) Engels

e) I. Kant.

 

165. Which of these Kazakh philosophers was the great scientist-historian, ethnographer, geographer, economist, traveller?

a) Abay

b) al-Farabi 

c) Yassavi

d) Valihanov –

e) Shakarim.

 

166. Who singled out three main tasks for metaphysics?

a) Aristotle

b) Socrates

c) Plato

d) Aristophanes

e) Voltaire

 

167. How is a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that advocates that there is an ideal spiritual state is named?

a) transcendentalism

b) idealism

c) materialism

d) deism

e) scientism

 

168. What philosophical notion claims that our experience is not about the things as they are in themselves, but about are the things as they appear to us?

a) theocentrism

b) thomism

c) transcendental idealism

d) theism.

e) criticism

 

169. What philosophical view explains that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter?

a) nominalism

b) rationalism idealism

c)scientism

d) existentialism

e) materialism

 

170. Call the theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements?

a) neotomism

b) cosmism

c) atomism

d) elementism

e) objectism

 

 171. Choose the adequate definition of science:

A) collective notion relative to a variety of scientific disciplines

B) science means basic science

C) science is a system of scientific knowledge

D) science is a producing of new knowledge

E) science is a system of researching institutions

 

172. Science was formed as an independent institution:

A) during modern time

B) during antique civilization

C) in the beginning of XX cent.

D) during XIX cent.

E) during Renaissance

 

 

173. The classic period of science associated with:

А) the beginning of XX cent

B) XVII-XIX cent.

C) the realizing of scientific and technological revolution

D) the modern life

E) the forming of basic sciences

 

174. The founder of all modern experimental science was:

A) D. Descartes

B) B. Spinoza

C) T. Gobbs

D) F. Beckon

E) C. Furye

 

175. Choose conception and determinants of Sciences

A) producing and the state

B) the union of outstanding scientists

C) Intellectual and pragmatic

D) ekstirialistic and interialistic

E) society and its leader

 

176. The basic function of scientific activity is attitudinal one which peculiars to the period:

A) up to XVII cent.

B) up to the first part of XX cent.

C) up to XIX cent.

D) till the beginning of XX cent.

E) till the nowadays

 

177. Highlight the main features of modern time:

A) The main issue is scholastic one

B) Science bowing to the authority of the church

C) Science is busy searching for philosophical stone, magic and alchemy

D) there are applications industry, the focus of science at the finished result, the notion of unity of science is gone

E) Science is above the applied problems, limit the foundation of the world is main problem

 

178. At the turn of what century classical period of science enters to the new nonclassical phase?

A) in the beginning of XX cent.

B) from the XVII to XVIII cent.

C) at the turn of XX- XXI cent.

D) in the end of XIX- the beginning of XX cent.

E) from XVII to XX cent.

 

179. Which of following features characterize nonclassical science?

A) intensification of ways to mix scientific knowledge, complication of the objects of science

B) information to explain phenomena and processes to mechanical interaction

C) tradisionalizm and Conseptualism

D) the preservation of basic facilities of classical science

E) formatting of new methods

 

180. What is the meaning of new technological orientation of science?

A) science intrudes into production management

B) Science automates production

C) Science becomes a factor of production and poduction becomes area of application of science

D) diversification of sciences, the emergence of aplied siences

E) forming of the system of technical sciences

 

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