Organization of the text of original article for journal.

The most part of international scientific journals require that article describing the results of original experimental investigation, consists of the following parts:

Organization of text

-Title

-Abstract

-Introduction

- Materials and Methods (Theoretical basis)

- Results

- Discussion

- Acknowledgements

- References

Sometimes the letter A is added to the abbreviation IMRAD, which means Abstract, and we get AIMRAD.

More detailed internal structure of parts of scientific article will be considered later. If an article is devoted to theoretical investigation then the part Methods is called Theoretical Basis.

IMRAD format of scientific publications appeared for the first time on the pages of scientific journals in the end of the 19th century. Nowadays this format of scientific publications became as the universal standard, which is freely accepted by most of journals.

The tendency to unification of the structure of scientific publications as results of original investigations became especially strong since 1972, when the National American institute of standards approved and recommended IMRAD format for application to all journals.

In the base of  IMRAD-format there is very simple logic. Parts of article answer the natural questions.

- The first question – What problem this investigation is devoted to? The answer should be in the Introduction.

- The next question – How was the problem studied? The part Method answers this question.

- What do the results obtained mean? They are in the part Discussions.

In addition, any article begins with Title, followed by authors list, place of their work, place of execution of investigation represented.

Then Abstract follows, which is a very short representation of the article content and there are key words in the end. After the Abstract the article begins – paper body.

Often there are Acknowledgements after Discussions and References list concludes the article (Table 3).

Exceptions are not many, and not so essential. It is seldom that one can unite Methods and Results in one part – Experiments (if methodical part of the investigation takes the central place, for example, when several methods were used in an experiment purposely).

Among a few exceptions let’s note the journal «Cell», where articles have the part Methods to be at last position after the part Discussion. Such an organization of an article does not deny the generally accepted format, and just place questions in other order.

IMRAD structure is typical for articles, devoted to the original research. However many journals publish notes and short messages, structure of which can be another.

Considerable diversity in articles organization is observed in those journals which publish materials of describing character, such as reports about expeditions, description of separate clinical situations in medicine and etc. IMRAD-format is not used for review articles.

If you still have little doubts in how to organize the article in order to have it published in this journal, then best of all take articles published in this journal, and instructions to authors.

In a whole a scientific article is a text which is organized from general to specific and then again from specific to general (general-specific-general,G-S-G)(Fig.3). Beginning of Introduction and End of Discussion – are the more general parts of the article. The parts Materials and methods and Discussions have the most specific character.

Bibliometric (scientometric) indicators in the system of international scientific publications: index of scientific citation and impact-factor.

In 1960 Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), for the first time introduced the Index of Scientific Citation (number of citations) for literature on exact and natural sciences (Science citation index) in the same-name journal and suggested to use it as the indicator of Impact of the scientific publication.

In 1975 Eugene Garfield as an appendix to the "Science

Citation Index"began to publish a new journal "Journal

Citation Reports", in which there was suggested to estimate the Impact of the Scientific Journals by indicator,

which is calculated on the following formula:

Impact Factor =A/B (1)

where A – is a number of references in publications of the

year on the articles published in the journal for the previous two years, B – is a total number of articles published in the journal for the previous two years.

There was suggested a title “Impact Factor” for the indicator.