ENGLISH PEOPLE AS THEY ARE

One of the most striking features of English life is the self-discipline and courtesy of people of all classes. There is little noisy behavior, and practically no loud disputing in the street. People do not rush excitedly for seats in buses or trains, but take their seats in queues at bus stops in a quiet and orderly manner.

Englishmen are naturally polite and never tired of saying “Thank you”, “I’m sorry”, “Beg your pardon”. If you follow anyone who is entering a building or a room, he will hold a door open for you. Many foreigners have commented on the remarkable politeness of the English people.

English people don’t like displaying their emotions even in dangerous situations, and ordinary people seem to remain good-tempered and cheerful under difficulties.

The Englishman does not like any boasting or showing off in manners, dress and speech. Sometimes he conceals his knowledge: a linguist, for example, may not mention his understanding of a foreigner’s language.

The Englishman prefers his own house to an apartment in a block of flats, because he doesn’t wish his doing to be overlooked by his neighbours. “An Englishman’s house is his castle”.

Many Englishmen help their wives at home in many ways. They clean the windows on Saturday afternoon and often wash up the dishes after supper in the evening.

Sunday is a very quiet day in London. Many shops are closed, and so are the theatres and most of the cinemas. Londoners like to get out of town on Sundays. The sea is not far – only fifty or sixty miles away and people like to go down to the sea in summer or somewhere to the country for skiing in winter.

 

II . Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What are the most striking features of English life?

2. Do English people display their emotions in dangerous situations?

3. Why does an Englishman prefer to have his own house?

4. What are Englishmen never tied of saying?

5. What do people do at the weekend?

III . Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых употребляется:

а) глагол в настоящем длительном времени ( The Present Continuous Tense );

б) глаголы в страдательном залоге ( The Passive Voice );

в) герундий ( The Gerund ).

Выделите указанные грамматические явления.

 

IV . Подчеркните в следующих предложениях модальный глагол или его

эквивалент . Переведите предложения .

1. Your son can do this work himself.

2. In Britain you are not allowed to vote until you are twenty-one.

3. Parents ought to take care of their small children.

4. I have to take a taxi in order not to be late.

 

V . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык; подчеркните инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции:

1. To grow fruit one must have good soil.

2. The computer is said to be able to do computation in milliseconds.

3. The park is very beautiful to be described in plain words.

4. The house appears to have been built in the 19^th century.

5. We looked at the sky and he plane disappear in the clouds.

 

VI . Перепишите и переведите на русский язык условные предложения:

1. The director won’t see you unless you phone him at least two days before.

2. If the subject were of interest for me, I should look through his articles.

3. Were I a newspaperman, I would write an article describing all the events

that have taken place here.

4. She wouldn’t have married him if she had known what was he like.

 

VII . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен:

1. She asked Sybil who that nice-looking man was.

2. The boy said that he had missed some lectures in history the previous week.

3. He said that he couldn’t give me a definite answer at the moment.

4. I asked the telephone operator when she would connect me with London.

 

В A РИАНТ 5

I . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:

LONDON CLUBS

The word “club” is one of those words which has found its way into a great many languages. A club is usually associated with some sport or with social purposes, sometimes with both.

Most of the clubs are situated in the same small area known as St. James’s. At midday you can see clubmen going along its streets with serious looks on their faces, as if they were going to church. And, indeed, club membership is a part of their professional and business life and is regarded as carrying a certain social prestige.

Most of the clubs are old. They derived from a coffee-house where Englishmen gathered for company and conversation.

The two chief political parties of England formed their own clubs. For the Conservatives* the chief club is The Carlton where party history has often been made. The Labourists* founded The Reform Club.

Among the most famous clubs of London The Other Club occupies a special niche. It was founded in 1911 by Winston Churchill. Limited to fifty, the list of membership includes members of the Commons* and the Lords* and the other prominent people. They gather for dinner once a month when Parliament is in session and their traditional meeting place is the Pirate Room of the Savoy Hotel. It was given the name The Other Club because it aims always to hear the other man’s point of view.

All the clubs are managed by committees of members. The members of all clubs are to be elected. All the clubs are proud of their history and carefully guard their traditions. Applicants for membership are carefully considered.

The London clubs move with the times. More than ninety years ago, clubs were regarded to be only male territory. Now nearly all the clubs are open for both men and women.

 

*the Conservatives – партия консерваторов

the Labourists – партия лейбористов

members of the Commons – члены палаты общин

members of the Lords – члены палаты лордов

 

II . Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is the word “club” associated with?

2. What did most of the clubs derive from?

3. Who founded The Other Club?

4. What was the aim of the members of The Othe Club?

5. Are the clubs open for the women now?

 

III . Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых употребляется:

а) глагол в настоящем завершенном времени ( The Present Perfect Tense );

б) глаголы в страдательном залоге ( The Passive Voice );

в) причастие настоящего времени ( The Participle I ).

Выделите указанные грамматические явления.

IV . Подчеркните в следующих предложениях модальный глагол или его

эквивалент . Переведите предложения .

1. She will be able to help you tomorrow.

2. I had to leave the party early last night. I wasn’t very well.

3. You shouldn’t speak so loudly.

4. My sister can speak two foreign languages.

 

V . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык; подчеркните инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции:

1. It is too late to change anything in this work.

2. The dog was heard to bark in the yard.

3. I don’t like to be remind several times of the same thing.

4. What makes you tell lies every time you are late for lessons?

5. The performance seemed to have been a complete failure.

 

VI . Перепишите и переведите на русский язык условные предложения:

1. If you find the exact meaning of the word, you will understand the sentence.

2. If you had studied this material well, you would never have made such

mistakes in your calculation.

3. If the books on that subject were available in our library, I would be able to

make a good report.

4. Had she known he would be here, she wouldn’t have gone away.

VII . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен:

1. The girl asked her sister what she would wear at the party.

2. They told us they were discussing a very important question.

3. She asked me if I had sent any greetings cards to my friends.

4. He explained that the train stopped at every station.

 

В A РИАНТ 6

I . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:

ENGLISH PUBS

The pub has involved over the centuries, always playing an important part in social life. Originally a stopping place for weary travellers, it was then called an inn or tavern and was one of the few places where a traveller could get food, warmth, shelter and, of course, a drink. Even in those far-away days the inn was the centre of community life in an area, and it was there that gossip and news was exchanged, and the latest political developments discussed.

Every pub has several rooms; originally, this was a division of classes, and still is to some extend today. Nowadays there is a smoking-room, a lounge and a public bar and sometimes a sitting room.

There are generally no waiters for the customers fetch their drinks; but in most rooms there will be a long counter presided over by a barman who stands behind several large handles, the beer pumps. The English drink beer because they like it, and because it is the cheapest alcoholic drink. The British drinking laws are full of absurdities. They cause plenty of irritation. But probably do not reduce the amount of drinking Alcoholic drinks, including beer, are allowed to be sold for nine hours each day only in establishments licensed for the sale of drink, and in practice these are either hotels or pubs, grocers or wine merchants which sell bottles to take away.

Many English pubs have names which show their former use: “The Traveller’s Rest”, “The Coach and Horses”, or “The Pilgrim’s Arms”. Other pubs have humorous names like “The Ca and the Custard Pot”, “The Man in the Moon” (a pub in a lonely spot is often so called) or “The Who’s Have Thought It” (a pub in an unexpected place).

 

II . Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is the origin of the pubs?

2. How do people usually spend time in a pub?

3. Why do the English prefer to drink beer in a pub?

4. Are alcoholic drinks allowed to be sold only in pubs?

5. What are the names of the English pubs?

 

III . Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых употребляется:

а) глагол в настоящем завершенном времени ( The Present Perfect Tense );

б) глаголы в страдательном залоге ( The Passive Voice );

в) причастие настоящего времени ( The Participle I ).

Выделите указанные грамматические явления.

IV . Подчеркните в следующих предложениях модальный глагол или его

эквивалент . Переведите предложения .

1. You must have a visa to travel to some countries.

2. He was allowed to borrow his father’s car last Saturday.

3. In four months she will be able to speak another language.

4. She can understand French rather well.

V .Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык; подчеркните

инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции :

1. He is known to have been one of the most famous writers of the 80s.

2. The revolution made lots of people leave their native country.

3. I was hungry enough to enjoy my coffee and rolls.

4. We stood at the gate waiting for the car to arrive.

5. At the airport they reported the flight to be delayed.

VI . Перепишите и переведите на русский язык условные предложения:

1. If the weather is too bad for flying, passenger airplanes don’t leave airports.

2. The accident wouldn’t have happened if the driver had observed the traffic

rules.

3. I don’t know what you would have done, had you been in my place.

4. You would never get lost in a new city provided you had a map of it.

VII . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен:

1. The children complained that their mother was always making them tidy their

room.

2. The girl told her father that she had broken his watch.

3. Mary asked her brother if he would play tennis with her the next day.

4. James said that he liked to see adventure films.

                                                                                                                            

В A РИАНТ 7

I . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:

THE BRITISH MUSEUM

The British Museum is one of the greatest and best-known museums in the world, both in the diversity of its collections and in their wide range and high quality. It was founded in 1753 by a decision of Parliament.

The British Museum, occupying a splendid great building in the neo-classical style, was erected between 1823 and 1847. Of the eleven major departments into which the Museum is divided, the most outstanding are the Assyrian and Babylonian, the Egyptian and the Greek and Roman Antiquities. There are also very important ethnological collections, including exhibits from the Pacific islands, America and Africa and a priceless collection of medieval objects of art from all the countries of Europe.

But the first thing which is associated with the British Museum is its Library. The Library which is contemporary with the Museum, consisted at first of the collection of books belonging to Sir Hans Sloane. To this library were added the other collections of manuscripts and books as well as the royal library, which provided the foundations of what was to become one of the largest and most important libraries in the world.

The British Museum Library came into world prominence under its most remarkable librarian – Sir Antonio Panizzi, an Italian by birth. During the thirty-five years of service with the Museum he formulated the rules and started the general catalogue. The British Museum Library is a reading-room and a reference library, but not a lending library. The famous circular Reading Room of the Museum offers unique research facilities to scientists. The collection of books is being systematically increased. Today there are millions of volumes in the library store-room.

II . Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. When was the building of the British Museum built?

2. How many major departments is the Museum divided into?

3. What collections does the British Museum house?

4. Who was the founder of the British Museum Library?

5. Who formulated the rules and started the general catalogue of the Library?

 

III . Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых употребляется:

а) глагол в страдательном залоге ( The Passive Voice );

б) причастие настоящего времени ( The Participle I );

б) причастие прошедшего времени ( The Participle II ).

Выделите указанные грамматические явления.

IV . Подчеркните в следующих предложениях модальный глагол или его

эквивалент . Переведите предложения .

1. I stepped aside so that she could go in.

2. They won’t be able to drive a car until they are eighteen.

3. Twice we lost our way and had to ask a policeman for direction.

4. He must work hard to finish his experiment.

 

V . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык; подчеркните

инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции :

1. The members of the committee are reported to come to an agreement.

2. He has done very much to give up his experiment.

3. He appears to be satisfied with the result of his work.

4. David had written a play and wished it to be staged at the local theatre.

5. I was very upset and didn’t know whom to turn to for advice.

VI . Перепишите и переведите на русский язык условные предложения:

1. If you don’t work at the language laboratory, you won’t improve your

 intonation.

2. We should not have lost our way if the night had not been so dark.

3. If the scientists found the way to predict earthquakes, it would be possible to

save a lot of human lives.

4. Were she one of my best friends, I should share my secrets with her.

VII . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен:

1. His friends told him that he didn’t think he could help.

2. He wanted to know when Alex would tell us the truth.

3. The passenger asked what time the plane arrived.

4. The guide said that the English tourists had greatly enjoyed their trip to

Pavlovsk.

В A РИАНТ 8

I . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:

WHO’S WHO AT MADAM TUSSAUD’S*

Every visitor to London knows who Madam Tussaud is – or was. And almost every visitor has seen her, an old lady of 81, standing at the entrance of her own exhibition. She is made of wax, like all the models of people in the exhibition.

Born in 1760, she learned the art of making life-size portraits in wax when she was a young girl in France. She survived the French Revolution by making wax models of its victims, from Marie Antoinette* to Robespierre. In 1802 she came to England and by 1835 her exhibition had a permanent home in Baker Street, London. It was already one of London’s famous “sights”. What was the secret of her success? Her portraits were lifelike and convincing. She paid great attention to details and spent a lot of money on the right clothes and effective lighting. She also included genuine relics in the exhibition – not only you can see Louis XVI, the King of France, but you can also see the actual blade of the guillotine which cut off his head. And Madam Tussaud’s portraits were always up to date and topical. She added to her collection. Victorian politicians joined the ranks of French aristocrats and revolutionary leaders.

Thousands of people still queue up to look a these portraits of the famous and the infamous. What is the attraction? Perhaps it is simply because people love to stare at the famous. At Madam Tussaud’s you don’t have to wait for hours in the rain to catch a glimpse of the Queen in a carriage or of Muhammed Ali getting off a plane. There they are, just a metre or two away.

The story of Madam Tussaud is as impressive as her exhibition. First, she spent her early years in the turmoil of the French Revolution and came to meet many of its characters, and perhaps more unusually, she succeeded in business at a time when women were seldom involved in the world of commerce.

 

*Madam Tussaud’s – музей Мадам Тюссо

Marie Antoinette – Мария-Антуанетта (королева Франции)

 

II . Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. When and where was Madam Tussaud born?

2. Where is the exhibition situated?

3. What did Madam Tussaud pay grea attention to?

4. Whose portraits can we see at Madam Tussaud’s?

5. Why is the story of Madam Tussaud unusual?

III . Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых употребляется:

а) глагол в настоящем завершенном времени ( The Present Perfect Tense );

б) глаголы в страдательном залоге ( The Passive Voice );

в) причастие настоящего времени ( The Participle I ).

Выделите указанные грамматически явления.

IV . Подчеркните в следующих предложениях модальный глагол или его

эквивалент . Переведите предложения .

1. You can’t enter the club without a card.

2. The bus came on time so we didn’t have to wait long at the bus stop.

3. You should think about the future and not about the past.

4. They look alike. They must be twins.

 

V . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык; подчеркните

инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции :

1. I’ll be happy to find a nice flat for my daughter.

2. Lake Baikal is said to be the deepest in the world.

3. She was very polite to make any personal remarks out loud.

4. He seems to know a great deal about the history of his town.

5. I didn’t expect the weather to change soon, so I hadn’t taken the umbrella.

 

VI . Перепишите и переведите на русский язык условные предложения:

 1. If you were more attentive, you wouldn’t make so many mistakes.

2. He will be happy if he sees her again.

3. Nothing would have happened if you had told me everything you knew.

4. Had they met with such difficulties before, they would have known what to

do.

VII . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен:

1. Jane told me that she would return me my book the following week.

2. She said that Susan had invited her to stay in her house for the weekend.

3. She asked Mrs. Priestly what school her children attended.

4. I asked my friends how long it had taken them to settle the matter.

 

В A РИАНТ 9

I . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:

LLOYD’S* OF LONDON

Lloyd’s, the biggest insurance* business in the United Kingdom and in the world, is not a company, but an association of London underwriters. It was incorporated in 1872 and it is so called from Edward Lloyd, who was the owner of a coffee house where underwriters* at that time met to do business.

Lloyd’s is regulated by several Acts of Parliament and by its own rules. It is administered by the Council of Lloyd’s.

Today more than 20,000 members of Lloyd’s in 80countries work for Lloyd’s. Underwriting members or underwriters are grouped into 280 syndicates, generally specializing in particular types of risks. The syndicates vary in size from the relatively small units to the units of several thousand individuals.

Insurance is usually undertaken through Lloyd’s brokers rather than directly with Lloyd’s underwriting members. Lloyd’s brokers know better what syndicate to approach and how to negotiate the business. They act like other brokers and negotiate on behalf their customers. They do not bear any risk, since only underwriting members bear all the risk with unlimited liability*. One of the main principle of insurance with Lloyd’s is the spreading of risk as widely as possible among syndicates to minimize their losses. Lloyd’s is best known as a centre of marine insurance, but at the same time all kinds of insurance are practiced there. In fact, at the present day marine insurance comprises less than half the total business undertaken. Almost everything can be insured there as well: aircraft, communication satellites, civil engineering projects, livestock and so n.

Besides, they do some business in travels, publishing and land. It exists because it has evolved over the centuries to meet the needs of the day. Lloyd’s motto Fidentia means confidence in the future.

 

*Lloyd’s – страховая компания Ллойда

insurance – страхование

underwriter – морской страховщик

unlimited liability – неограниченная ответственность

 

II . Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is Lloyd’s?

2. Why is the company so called?

3. How many syndicates work for Lloyd’s?

4. What are the main principles of insurance with Lloyd’s?

5. What things can be insured with Lloyd’s?

 

III . Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых употребляется:

а) глагол в настоящем завершенном времени ( The Present Perfect Tense );

б) глаголы в страдательном залоге ( The Passive Voice );

в) причастие настоящего времен ( The Participle I ).

Выделите указанные грамматические явления.

IV . Подчеркните в следующих предложениях модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения .

1. You mustn’t borrow my things without asking.

2. In Russia you aren’t allowed to vote until you are 18.

3. I had to leave the party early last night. I wasn’t very well.

4. We are always hopeful we might win something in the lottery.

 

V . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык; подчеркните

инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции :

1. It is a pleasure to have such a devoted friend.

2. This school is considered to be the best in the town.

3. The manager is very busy to be bothered with your problems.

4. To have had lunch with her made him quite happy.

5. I would like my car to be parked outside the office.

VI . Перепишите и переведите на русский язык условные предложения:

1. You will never get well unless you give up smoking.

2. I should have recognized him at once if it hadn’t been so dark in the room.

3. Had you planned your time better, you wouldn’t have come to the station one

minute before the train’s departure.

4. If drivers were more attentive while driving, there would be less accidents on

the roads.

VII . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен:

1. The girl asked her friend if she was going to the party at the Johnsons’.

2. Alice said that she would borrow some money from her rich aunt.

3. I asked my friend when she had moved to her new flat.

4. She said that they were Polish ladies of very good family.

 

В A РИАНТ 10

I . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:

PICCADILLY CIRCUS

This small square irregularly shaped and with no apparent architectural unity, is usually considered the centre of London. The square is at its most striking by night, when the neon advertising signs on the facades of the buildings create a vortex of changing lights. The name Piccadilly, now one of the best known parts of London, is said to have a curious origin. Actually it immortalized a man who is now forgotten. The man, Robert Baker, was a tailor who grew rich by making high collars called ‘piccadillies’, which had an enthusiastic reception among London’s young noblemen. The tailor’s shop itself came to be called Piccadilla House, and the name, slightly changed, has lived on.

The aluminium statue, done by Alfred Gilbert and placed on top of the square’s fountain in 1892, has always been believed to depict Eros. This is an odd misunderstanding of its symbolism, because in fact it represents the angel of Christian Charity and was erected in memory of the philanthropist Anthony Cooper, who had dedicated his life to helping the poor of London.

There are a number of theatres and cinemas in the streets around Piccadilly Circus, so this part of London is generally called “Theatreland”.

Piccadilly is one of the most famous streets in London. There are all kinds of clubs, social, political and literary. All the clubs in the neighbourhood of Piccadilly are expensive and are really only for the wealthy people.

 

II . Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What place is usually considered the centre of London?

2. What is the origin of the name Piccadilly?

3. Who is the author of the statue of Eros?

4. Why are the streets around Piccadilly Circus called “Theatreland”?

5. Is Piccadilly street famous for its clubs?

 

III . Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых употребляется:

а) глагол в прошедшем завершенном времени ( The Past Perfect Tense )

б) глаголы в страдательном залоге ( The Passive Voice );

в) причастие прошедшего времен ( The Participle II ).

Выделите указанные грамматические явления.

IV . Подчеркните в следующих предложениях модальный глагол или его

эквивалент . Переведите предложения .

1. I can’t understand why he is always complaining about everything.

2. She will be able to help you tomorrow.

3. I had to give up physics because it got difficult for me.

4. You must write a business letter on one side of the paper only.

V . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык; подчеркните

инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции :

1. I know him to be a very experienced engineer.

2. The English delegation is believed to come at the end of the month.

3. He hates people to argue about things of no importance.

4. I shouted to him, he pretended not to hear, but I am sure he did.

5. John suspected that he was seriously ill, but the doctor advised him to stop

worrying. 

VI . Перепишите и переведите на русский язык условные предложения:

1. A young woman will look odd if she wears the clothing that her grandmother

worn when young.

2. If I were in his place, I would refuse to stop the experiment.

3. Nothing would happen if you told me everything you knew.

4. Had our team trained hard it would have won the match.

 

VII . Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен:

1. He asked her which hotel she was going to stay at.

2. Nick promised Jane that he would write to her as soon as he arrived.

3. I thought that the organization had already started its work.

4. Ann said she was not sure what profession to choose.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1

⇐ Предыдущая3456789101112Следующая ⇒

Поделиться: