Use these words and word combinations to render the text in the written form.

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halted its nuclear weapons program, is backed, raised the spectre, warned of, holocaust, intelligence assessment, dormant, estimate, strident rhetoric, covert, a damage control, media conference, Iran's Foreign Minister, under the supervision of the IAEA, drive for, a fresh round, UN sanctions, repeatedly, seeks nuclear weapons, concerted efforts, acquiring nuclear capacity, backs Europe's approach, France, continue to prepare, defuse the current crisis

Text 5.

Oil row threatens European supply

At home

Discuss the following.

a) The scandal over the disruption of gas supply to Belarus was among the top news of the year 2007.

What has been done by the parties: Russia, Belarus, European countries to protect their economies and to secure sustainable development of cooperation in this field?

b) What is the message of the cartoon? As far as there are not too many actors in the picture what else would you add to this?

Look at the text title and complete the sentences according to their possible occurrence in the text.

We really should look upon what...

With Germany currently holding the presidency of the EU...

A lot of European countries are having to think about...

Russia doubled the price, as…

Belarus threatens to disrupt supplies, if…

A lot of European countries are having to think…

3 a). Form adjectives from these verbs:

contemplate		import
disrupt		diversify
supply		question
feud		cohere

3 b). Fill in the gaps with the help of expressions above:

1) The project includes of a set of multiple, ______________ measures aimed at promoting a consistent, integrated approach to energy supply and demand.

2) At times, without my insisting on it, my writings become______________; the successive elements that occur to me are clearly related.

3) In fact, the serfs were almost like slaves to the _________________ lord.

4) A ____________ innovation is an innovation that disrupts an existing market.

5) Many cars destined for the US market do not meet Canadian safety standards (especially newer ones), and are therefore not ________________ at all.

6) He a _____________ actor that quietly observes people and the world around him.

7) It is _______________ whether the expenditure on this project is justified or not.

8) The new _______________ are also better supplied and more highly educated than their precursors.

4 a). Match the words

1) diversify	as a political tool
2) to disrupt	its energy supplies
3) had been feuding	on their terms
4) work	with bio fuels
5) to secure the interests	of consumers
6) play the game	supplies
7) to use energy	over gas and oil prices

4 b). Fill in the gaps with the help of the elements or whole expressions given above:

1) Many raw milk producers are opposing new dairy standards set to take effect this week in California, saying they could _________________________________________ of raw milk.

2) The Third world countries are too economically weak _________________________________.

3) Greek Orthodox Church sued __________________________________ Jewish hold on Old City property.

4) As far as Simi Valley imports all of its drinking water, city officials are looking _____________________________________while also encouraging residents to conserve.

5) The Arab summit meeting in Damascus will _________________ regional __________________.

In class

Listen to the Webcast Oil row threatens European supply.

Match the names with the positions.

Positions	Names
1) The presenter	a) Andris Piebalgs
2) The EU Energy Commissioner	b) Peter Cave
3) Europe Correspondent	c) Rafael Epstein
4) an analyst at the Royal United Services Institute	d) Tim Williams

Group these word combinations into these columns following the principle: who is/are actor(s)? what action?

threatens to disrupt supplies, shut off the pipeline, doubled the price, had been feuding over gas and oil prices, cut off the vital Druzhba oil pipeline, must diversify its energy supplies, should work with biofuels, should look in the hydrogen economy, must do everything to secure the interests of Western consumers, is/are having to think about energy security, a need to try and develop a more coherent response on energy, use energy as a political tool

Russia	Belarus	Europe

4. Give the synonyms to the words: to feud, a stand-off

C - Comprehension Test 5

1. In January 2007 Europe had to contemplate A Russia's oil production future B new oil and gas supplies agreement C the future of its oil and gas supplies	2.Russia’s energy policy triggered the situation as A Belarus insulted Russia BRussia increased the price for fuel twice CRussia increased price for all exported goods twice
3.The reaction from Belarus was A a price hike for oil on its territory B they rose price for oil carried across the country C a massive purchasing of oil from abroad	4. With all that Europe has to A adjust their economy to the situation B be dependent from oil. C give up search for sources of alternative energy
5. Angela Merkel promised A to fix prices as high as in Moscow B to exert pressure on Moscow C to discuss the options with Moscow	6. She also believes that Germany A is to shut down nuclear reactors B shouldn’t close down nuclear power stations C it is wise to cease the work of nuclear power stations
7. President Vladimir Putin told his government A to continue talks with Belarus B did everything to secure its strategic resources C should do everything to guarantee trouble-proof supplies to EU	8. There is a need for Europe to try and develop A a more consistent approach to energy issues B a more coherent measures to punish Belarus C a more coherent response to Russia’s initiatives
9. If Europe doesn’t work out a clear energy supplies strategy A Russia will stop being a big player B Russia will do it for the European countries C Russia will dictate its political will to all countries	10. European countries will always look for alternatives as A no country wants to be dependable on Russia B no country wants to have foreign supplies C no country wants to rely on a single foreign supplier
11. The reporter suggests that Russia might deal with Western countries A altogether B separately C only with countries of Eastern Europe	12.Tim Williams believes that Russia’s domination in the European oil and gas market A will lead to the growth of funding nuclear energy projects B renew investments in nuclear weapons development C may contribute to renewed investment in fossil fuel research

B - Comprehension Test 5

Part 1

1) Why did the European politicians have to address the problem of oil and gas in January 2007?

2) Why did Belarus threaten to cease supplies to Europe?

3) How many countries was Belarus going to “switch off”?

4) Why did Belarus decide to shut off the pipeline?

Part 2

Europe Correspondent Rafael Epstein and EU Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: Belarus and Russia _____________over gas and oil prices, but on the 1st of January, Russia ____________of its gas. The response from Minsk was a massive rise in the price of oil carried across its territory. Moscow refused to pay, and the result was Belarus _______________

_______________________________________________________________.

That pipeline carries half of all Russia's oil exports to Europe, and with Russia supplying around______________, and even more of its imported gas, it's a ______________that has Europe worried.

The EU's Energy Commissioner, Andris Piebalgs, says such dramatic disputes mean Europe must_______________________________________________.

ANDRIS PIEBALGS: I would say it is really not acceptable. Security of supply can't be built on_______________________. But we should look generally for_______________, because now we are most dependent if our economy is from oil. So it means that we should work______________. We should look in the ______________. We really should look upon what could be alternatives if there is a really definite problem with our supplies globally.

Part 3

Europe Correspondent Rafael Epstein and an analyst at the Royal United Services Institute in London Tim Williams

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: With Germany currently holding the presidency of the EU, Chancellor Angela Merkel said the dispute is__________________, and she'll _________________________later this month. She also questioned the wisdom of plans in Germany __________________________over the next decade.

In response, Russian President Vladimir Putin told his government ministers that negotiations with Belarus must continue, and that Russia must " do everything _________________________".

Tim Williams is an analyst at the Royal United Services Institute in London.

TIM WILLIAMS: A lot of European countries are having to think about energy security in ways that they didn't have to before. There is a need for Europe to try and develop_________________, because otherwise big players such as Russia can just ____________and ___________________________.

Part 4

Europe Correspondent Rafael Epstein and an analyst at the Royal United Services Institute in London Tim Williams

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: Is the response then, if that's the way Russia's going to act, that's even more of a reason why ____________________is an option?

TIM WILLIAMS: Possibly, yes, but I think, in any case, countries would never be happy in the long-term to have__________________, so they'll always look at alternatives.

Obviously if Russia is going to use energy as _______________, then that will only increase governments' feelings that that's what they should do, that they should diversify.

But it may well contribute to_______________________, yes.

A - Comprehension Test 5

1) How does the Europe correspondent characterize disputes between Russia and Belarus over gas and oil prices?

2) What steps were made by Russia on the 1st of January 2007?

3) What were the countermeasures of Belarus?

4) How much of Europe is supplied by this pipeline?

5) What were European countries concerned about?

6) What according to Andris Piebalgs Europe must do to avoid the repetition of the crisis?

7) What situation is impermissible when it comes to security of supply in Energy Commissioner’s opinion?

8) What are possible alternatives to oil and gas energetics?

9) What is Angela’s Merkel attitude towards the dispute? What did she promise to do right after the oil scandal broke out?

10) What plans of German politicians she believes to be ill-considered in the view of oil and gas supply insecurity?

11) What is Vladimir Putin quoted to say in response?

12) What is first thing for Europe to do reckoning its dependence on Russia’s oil and gas?

13) What are the fears, regarding Russian oil and gas policy that the London analyst articulates?

14) What source of energy is precisely viewed in this part as an option?

15) What can be a source of dissatisfaction for any European country in the long term?

16) What use is Russia going to make of being rich in oil and gas according to London analyst?

17) How is it likely to affect investment flows?

Text 6.

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