Underline one sentence in each letter which seems most important to you.

9. Read the following dates:

• Example	15 October 1998 the fifteenth of October nineteen ninety eight
	1 November 1998
	17 October 1996
	1 May 1997
	1 January 1998

 

10. Complete the letters and write similar ones:

• According to our records payment.. has not yet been made. As an exception we specified... Our invoice has now been outstanding In the case of unsettled debts... take legal action. We would naturally prefer... In case you have lost... We look forward to...

• As you will remember from... difficulties with... This resulted in... outstanding accounts. We are extremely sony... affected... We are doing everything possible to.. Indeed we hope... in the very near future.

Unit forty seven

Mass media

Text

The British are a nation of newspaper readers. Many of them have a daily paper delivered to their home just in time for bieakfast.

British newspapers can be divided into two groups: quality and popular. Quality newspapers are more serious and cover home and foreign news thoughtfully while the popular newspapers like shocking, personal stories as well as some news. These two groups of newspapers can be distinguished easily because the quality papers are twice the size of the popular newspapers.

• Quality daily newspapers:

The Times

The Guardian

The Daily Telegraph

The Financial Times

The Independent

• Quality Sunday newspapers:

The Sunday Times

The Observer

The Sunday Telegraph

• Popular daily newspapers:

The News of the World

The People

The Mail on Sunday

The Sunday Mirror

The Sunday Express

British newspapers are often associated with Fleet Street, located in Westminster City of London. Fleet Street was the home of the nation's newspapers till the recent past. But not long ago practically all the newspapers moved their headquarters to Docklands, a newly developed business centre in the eastern part of London. Only two newspapers The Daily Express and The Daily Telegraph are still in Fleet Street. However, people still say 'Fleet Street' to mean 'the press'.

Watching television is one of the great British pastimes! Broad­casting in the United Kingdom is controlled by the British Broad­casting Corporation (ВВС) and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). The ВВС receives its income from the Government, but the private companies controlled by the IBA earn money from advertising. The ВВС has two TV channels. The IBA is responsible for looking after the regional independent TV companies who broad­cast their own programmes and those they have bought from other regions.

National radio is controlled by the ВВС, and listeners can choose between four stations. There are many local stations, some private and some run by theВВС. Their programmes consist mainly of music and local news.

Words and expressions

mass media		средства массовой ин­формации
paper = newspaper		газета
reader		читатель
daily
quality	[kwolItI]	ежедневная газета
serious		серьезный
thought	[Tþ t]	мысль
thoughtful		внимательный
thoughtfully		внимательно
shock shocking		удар, потрясение скандальный
personal		личный
twice		дважды
they are twice the size		они вдвое больше по размеру
guardian	['g¸ dj@n]	наставник
independent		независимый
observer		обозреватель
mirror		зеркало
headquarters	[, hed'kwþ t@z]	штаб-квартира
press		пресса
television		телевидение
to watch		наблюдать
to watch television		смотреть телевизор
pastime		времяпрепровождение
to broadcast (broadcast,		передавать по радио/по
broadcast)		телевидению
authority	[þ 'Tor@tI]	власти, администрация
income		ДОХОД
to look after		следить за, присматри­
		вать за
region		регион
regional		региональный
to choose (chose, chosen)		выбирать
to run		управлять, руководить
to run a station		направлять деятельность
		радиостанции
to run a shop		владеть магазином

 

Exercises

1. Read the following:

the British

many of them delivered to their home

the quality newspapers

the popular newspapers

the home of the nation's newspaper

moved their headquarters

in the eastern part

one of the great pastimes

the ВВС

the IBA

2. Insert articles:

... British are... nation of newspaper readers.

Many of them have... daily paper delivered to their home.

Fleet Street was... home of... nation's newspapers till... recent past.

Docklands is... newly developed business centre in... eastern part of London.

... Financial Times is widely read by businessmen.

Watching television is one of... great British pastimes. Broadcasting in... United Kingdom is controlled by...ВВС and... IBA.

... ВВС receives its income from... government.

... private companies controlled by... IBA earn money from ad­vertising.

3. Insert prepositions:

The IBA is responsible... looking... the regional independent TV companies.

They also broadcast programmes they have bought... other regions.

National radio is controlled... the ВВС.

Listeners can choose... four stations.

Some local stations are run... the ВВС.

Their programmes consist mainly... music and local news.

4. Sum up what the text said about:

• English newspapers

• theВВС

• the IBA

Сравнительные степени прилагательных Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Большинство прилагательных имеют сравнительную и превосходную степени сравнения. Как правило, однослож­ные прилагательные образуют сравнительную степень с помощью суффикса -ег, а превосходную — с помощью суффикса -est. Например:

warm — warm er — warmest

Многосложные прилагательные образуют сравнитель­ную степень с помощью слова more, а превосходную — с помощью слова most. Например:

serious — more serious — most serious

Некоторые прилагательные образуют степени сравне­ния не по правилам. Например:

good — better — best little — less — least

Bad — worse — worst much — more — most

4. Write as in the examples:

• Example	short short — shorter — shortest
	long
	cheap
	strange
	near
	poor

 

• Example

popular popular—more popular—most popular

 

practical	beneficial
expensive	sophisticated
curious

 

• Example	short reply a shorter reply the shorter reply shorter replies the shortest reply
	long story
	big city
	large university
	high chaige

 

• Example	important event a more important event the more important event more important events the most important event
	curious custom
	sophisticated device
	expensive tour
	difficult language
	marketable goods
	mteiesting piogiamme

 

6. Find English equivalents in the text:

Английские газеты можно разделить на две группы.

Эти две группы можно легко отличить друг от друга

Английские газеты часто ассоциируют с Флит стрит

Радио Англии контролирует Би-Би-Си.

7. Translate as in the example:

• Example	a paper delivered to their home газета, доставляемая на дом
	Fleet Street located in Westminstel City
	the private companies controlled by the 1BA
	the talks resumed after lunch
	the point mentioned in the letter
	the goods shipped
	the letters of credit opened with the bank
	all the problems settled
	the news broadcast over the radio
	the news televised

 

8. Complete as much as you remember:

• The British are a nation...

Many of them have... delivered.

British newspapers can be divided...

Quality newspapers.. while popular newspapers

These two groups... distmgished... British newspapers are often associated...

Fleet Stieet was the home...

But not long ago.. Docklands

Only... Fleet Street.

However... to mean 'the press'.

• Watching.. pastimes

Broadcasting... the ВВС and... the IBA

The ВВС receives... but... advertising.

The ВВС... channels.

• National radio is controlled... and... four...

There are many local... private... theВВС.

Their programmes consist...

9. Translate into Russian the sentence starting with:

'The IBA is rlesponsible....'.

Role play

Imagine you are speaking with an English businessman. Ask him a few questions about:

• English newspapers

• English radio

• English television programmes

Tell him what television programmes you like.

Unit forty eight

Financial news

Text

Here is an item on financial news published by The Financial Times which some participant read:

DOLLAR AND POUND RISE

The dollar and the pound resumed their advances of 1996 against the yen and the D-Mark yesterday.

The US currency was helped chiefly by the US stock and bond markets, which rebounded from Thursday's falls.

The dollar was also boosted by US construction spending for November, which rose where a fall had been forecast. The figures added to the evidence of recent weeks that the American economy has resumed stronger growth. " The US deceleration is probably coming to an end", said Mr. Peter von Maydell, senior currency economist at UBS in London.

The dollar gained 1, 5 pfennigs against the D-Mark and YO.5 against the yen to close in London at D.M. 1.557 and Y11.2. But the Tokyo market remained closed for the National Holiday.

Sterling rebounded 2.8 pfennigs against the D-Mark after losing 3 pfennigs on Thursday. With trading thin, dealers say that one sale of GBP 50m worth of D-Marks sent sterling about a pfennig higher.

The pound closed in London at DM2.635 to the German cur­rency and USD 1.692 to the dollar. It gained on strong consumer credit data and on rising oil prices

Sterling has been the strongest major currency over the Holiday period appreciating almost 2 per cent.

Words and expressions

item		короткая статья (в газете)
to publish		опубликовать
to read (read, read)		читать
to rise (rose, risen)		поднимать (ся)
advance		(фин ) повышение
yen (=y)		йена
chiefly	['¶Ö fl]	главным образом
bond		облигация
stock and bond market		рынок ценных бумаг и облигации
to rebound		вернуться на прежние позиции
fall		падение
to boost		ускорить
to forecast (forecast,		предсказывать
forecast)
figure	['fIg@]	цифра
evidence		данные
deceleration		замедление
UBS = United Bank of Switzerland		Объединенный банк Швейцарии
to gain		повышаться
pfennig		пфениг
to close		курс валюты в конце рабочего дня биржи
trading		торги, операции с цен­ными бумагами и други­ми финансовыми инст­рументами
thin		вялый, неактивный
with trading thin		поскольку торги идут вяло
dealer		биржевой маклер
GBP = Great Britain Pound		английский фунт стер­лингов
worth		стоящий
spot		слот условия сделки, означающие расчет на второй рабочий день по­сле ее заключения
to appreciate	[@'prISIeIt]	повышаться (о курсе ва­люты)

 

Exercises

1. Match English and Russian equivalents:

against the yen	повысить, вырасти
to come to an end	против (по сравнению с)
to gain	иеной
with trading thin	поскольку операции с бума­гами идут неактивно
GBP 50m worth of D-Marks	подойти к концу
	немецкие марки на сумму 50
to close at D. M. 1.557	млн. фунтов стерлингов
	Рынок закрылся на период
	праздничных дней.
The market closed for the	Курс марки на момент за­
holiday	крытия биржи составил 1.557
The dollar resumed its ad­	Курс доллара стал расти
vances	благодаря...
The dollar was boosted by..	Курс доллара снова стал рас­
	ти.
The sterling rebounded.	Курс фунта вырос.
It sent sterling higher.	Активность рынка ценных
	бумаг и облигаций снова
	возросла.
The stock and bond markets	Благодаря этому курс фунта
rebounded.	вырос.
It rose where a fall had been	Он возрос, хотя предсказали
forecast.	его падение.
The figures added to the evi­	Положение экономики США
dence of recent weeks.	снова стало улучшаться.
The American economy has lesumed stronger growth	Эти цифры говорили о том же, что и данные последних недель.

 

2. Find the sentences in the text with the following words:

• to rise to gain to resume its dvances to rebound from falls to be boosted

• to send the pound higher fall to lose deceleration

 

3. Insert articles:

Here is... item on financial news published by.. Financial Times.

dollar and.. pound resumed their advances.

US currency was helped chiefly by... US stock and bond mar­kets

... dollar was also boosted by US construction spending for November

... dollar rose where... fall had been forecast

The figures also say that... American economy has resumed stronger growth.

4. Read as in the examples:

• Example	November 18, 1996 the eighteenth of November nineteen ninety six
May 1, 1997 April 1, 1999
	December 25, 1998 July 4, 1996

 

• Example

2% two per cent

 

3%

7%

10%

75%

100%

 

• Example

1.692 one point six nine two

 

1.557	1.5
1.6870	2.8
1.6860	3.3
1.6798	9.5

 

• Example

0.5 о point five

 

0.8

0.4.

0.7

 

• Example

one sale of 50 million English pounds sterling worth of Deutsch Marks

 

 

5. Insert prepositions:

The dollar gained 1.5 pfennigs... the D-Mark... and Y 0.5... the yen.

But the Tokyo market remained closed... the national holiday.

Sterling rebounded 2.8 pfennigs... the D-Mark after losing 3 pfennigs.. Thursday.

The pound closed. London... DM 2.635.. the German currency. It gained... strong consumer credit data.

6. Make sentences:

	the news
• this is	the item
these are	the facts	published by
	the information	the Financial Times
	the figures	(FT)

 

• the pound		the USA
the yen	is the currency unit of	Germany
the dollar		Great Britain
the D-Mark		Japan
the franc		Italy
the lira		France

 

7. Give full words for the following:

UBS mth

GBP yr

FT prev. close

8. Underline the verbs and translate the sentences into Russian:

The dollar rose where a fall had been forecast.

The figures added to the evidence that the American economy has resumed stronger growth.

The US deceleration is coming to an end.

The dollar was boosted by US construction spending for November.

With trading thin it sent sterling about a pfennig high.

It gained on strong consumer credit data and rising oil prices.

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1. A. Study the following example of a business letter.
2. ACTUAL DIVISION OF THE SENTENCE
3. CHAPTER XXIII COMMUNICATIVE TYPES OF SENTENCES
4. CHAPTER XXVIII COMPOUND SENTENCE
5. Choose the conjunction which fits the meaning of the sentence.
6. Complete the following sentences.
7. COMPOSITE SENTENCE AS A POLYPREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION
8. Consider these expressions typical for court disputes on remedies and make up sentences with them.
9. Ex. 1. Match the sentences in column A with the synonymous statements in column B.
10. Ex. 10. Complete the sentences with an adjective from the list.
11. Ex. 10. In the sentences below, replace the words in italics with a word (or words) from the text. Translate the sentences into Russian.
12. Ex. 3. Read the sentences and translate them, paying attention to the predicates in the Passive form.