Highlight the key concepts of the issue of plurilingualism in the text above and be ready to explain them.

Concept	Definition/Context/Examples

e.g. plurilingual approach, cultural context, mental compartments, interlocutor, switch from one language or dialect to another, perspective, to achieve mastery, the ultimate model, linguistic abilities, a paradigm shift.

Scan the text and give the suitable words and phrases to match the following definitions.

1. to reach a particular condition, level, etc.
2. to formally invite or ask somebody to speak
3. a way in which something or somebody appears, often in a way that is different from usual
4. to become greater, increase
5. to use something well in order to gain as much from it as possible
6. all the things that a person is able to do
7. including or considering everything
8. detailed information that you get by studying something

7 Decide if the statements are True or False:

1. The notion of plurilingualism implies the meaning of multilingualism.
2. The plurilingual approach means that the individual person’s knowledge of languages and cultures is kept in separated mental compartments, which provides diversity.
3. Nowadays the aim of the language education is to achieve ‘mastery’ of several languages, with the ‘ideal native speaker’ as the model.
4. The European Language Portfolio is seen as one of the tools for use by all members of the language teaching profession in promotion of plurilingualism.
5. Common European Framework only provides a scaling of overall language proficiency in a given language.

COMMUNICATION

A Round-table discussion

‘Modern trends of the language policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan’

Accumulate information on the following issues.

1. What do you know about modern trends of the language policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan?
2. What reasons and factors cause plurilingualism?
3. How does plurilingualism influence the Foreign Language education policy?
4. What are the advantages of plurilingualism (for a country) and developing a plurilingual competence (for a person)?

Conduct a round-table discussion on the topics under consideration.

POSTER PRESENTATION

Create a poster, outlining the main trends of the language education policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Perform your poster in a class.

AN ANALYTICAL OVERVEIW

Read the passage, take notes on the main points of the reading passage.

e.g. Topic of the reading passage:

main points about the topic:

‘Michael Gove, the Education Secretary, will say that subjects such as French, German, Spanish, Mandarin, Latin or Greek will be made a compulsory part of the primary school timetable for the first time. Ministers hope the move will make pupils better-equipped to compete in a global economy while reversing the “damaging collapse” in GCSE language take-up. Currently about one in ten state primary schools offers no language lessons at all and a further 20 per cent only offer it to some year groups, according to the most recent official figures. The move to make languages a requirement from age seven will form part of a new primary National Curriculum, taking effect in 2014. It will be popular with middle-class parents who complain that state schools lag behind independent prep schools in providing good-quality language teaching’.

[61] By J. Henry, Education Correspondent, 2012

Summarize the text in one paragraph (about 50-100 words).

Write an analytical overview (200-250 words) of the information provided using the four steps listed below.

a) Identify the stance, position and perspective of the writer

b) Identify the evidence used to support the position

c) Evaluate the evidence

d) Evaluate the writer’s position

LANGUAGE FOCUS

1 Study the excerpt and complete the gaps with suitable language forms. Refer to the information on ‘Modifying Comparisons’

Both US and Chinese schools systems have strengths and weaknesses. For instance, teachers in China are given (1) …………… respect then teachers in the US. They do not take taxes on their salary, and they receive their national holiday. In addition, the work ethic is (2) ……………. (hard) in Chinese schools than in the US schools, which results in student success. Segregation of high achieving students from low achieving students in the Chinese schools is (3) …………in the US. US universities and colleges have the reputation of being (4) …………… in the world. While American students have the same amount of allocated time as the Chinese students, the amount of engaged time spent in schools is (5)………………. than their Chinese counterparts.

[62]Tara L. Van Schaack.

Comparing U.S. and Chinese Public School Systems, 2015

Modifying Comparisons

1. to express a big difference, we can use

· a great deal, (quite) a lot, considerably, far, (very) much + comparative

It’s much more effective to create an association map of the text to remember it.

· by far (and away), easily + superlative

This is by far the best conclusion of the thesis.

· nothing like, not nearly, nowhere near as ………. as

Writing a letter is nowhere near as difficult as writing a research paper.

· just about + superlative

The technology was just about the most suitable with the learners of that grade.

2. to express a small difference, we can use

• barely, a bit, hardly any, a little, scarcely (any), slightly, somewhat + comparative

That term is scarcely longer than the previous one.

• nearly, not quite as ……….. as, much the same as

The latter results were not quite as corresponding as the initial ones.

2 Read the sentences and choose the correct word or phrase:

1. The topic for the discussion turned out to be by far / much more controversial.

2. It was just about / very much the best activity to develop the communicative competence.

3. This room is slightly / by far and away more spacious than that one.

4. Your description essay is easily / considerably better than the previous disposition essay.

5. The argument was considered to be barely / by far the most crucial.

Revise the form and use of ways of modifying comparisons and write a passage (100-150 words) describing the linguistic education in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Kingdom, using the structures mentioned above.

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