I. Learn the following phrases and use them.

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1. сессия – an examination period

2. поступать в – to apply to

3. абитуриент – an applicant, a candidate

4.аттестация – an assessment

5. изучать предмет – to do a subject

6. стипендия – a grant

7. не хватает беглости – to lack fluency

8. хорошо успевать – to do well in a subject

9. догнать группу – to catch up with the group

10. работать урывками – to work by fits and starts

11. поставить оценку /зачёт – to give a mark/a credit

12. провести неофициальную беседу – to give a talk/lecture on

13. учиться на РГФ – to study at the Romance-Germanic Philology

14. хорошо знать предмет – to have a good command [kq‘mRnd] of a subject

15. говорить об общественной работе – to speak on the social work

16. помогать кому-либо по грамматике – to help smb. with Grammar

17. на лекции по английской литературе – at the lecture on English Literature

18. посещать/пропускать занятия/лекции – to attend/to miss classes/lectures

19. отставать от группы по грамматике – to fall/lag behind the group in Grammar

20. получить «автомат» по фонетике – to be excused from an exam in Phonetics

21. записывать лекцию по литературе – to take/make notes at a lecture on Literature

22. не сдать экзамен по литературе – to fail (in) the exam/an exam in Literature

23. лекция/семинар по истории языка – to have a lecture/a seminar on English history

24. студенты вечернего или заочного отделения – part-time/evening, corresponding students

25. вовлечь во внеаудиторную деятельность – to get involved in some extra-curricular activities

26. заведующий кафедрой английского/немецкого/ французского языка – Head of the English/German/ French Department

27. студенты дневного отделения – full-time/day students

28. заочное отделение – an extramural correspondence department

29. заместитель декана – Deputy/ Assistant Head/Dean

30. старший преподаватель – a senior teacher/lecturer

TOPIC: EDUCATION

British Schools

State Education in Britain

All state schools in Britain are free, and schools provide their pupils with books and equipment for their studies.

Nine million children attend 35.000 schools in Britain. Education is compulsory from 5-16 years. Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a pre-school play group to prepare them for the start of compulsory education.

Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11. Most children are taught together, boys and girls in the same class.

Until the 1960s most children took an examination at the end of primary school (the Eleven Plus): those who passed went to grammar schools while those who did not went to secondary modern schools. A few areas still select at the age of eleven, but about 90 per cent of secondary schools in Britain are now comprehensive, taking children of all abilities from their local area. Ninety per cent of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co-educational.

At 16 pupils take a national exam called the General Certificate of Secondary Education ('GCSE') in five, ten or even fifteen subjects, and then they can leave school if they wish. This is the end of compulsory education.

Some 16-year-olds continue their studies in the sixth form at school or at a sixth form college. The sixth form prepares pupils for a national exam called 'A' level (Advanced Level) at 18. You need 'A' levels in two or three subjects to enter a university.

Other 16-year-olds choose to go to a college of further education to study for more practical (vocational) diplomas relating to the world of work, such as hairdressing, typing or mechanics.

Universities and colleges of higher education accept students with 'A' levels from 18. Students study for a degree which takes on average three years of full-time study. Most students graduate at 21 or 22 and are given their degree at a special graduation ceremony.

References

nursery school – дошкольное учреждение; старшая группа детского сада

primary school – общая начальная школа (для детей от 5 до 11 лет; государственная)

Eleven-Plus Examination – отборочные экзамены в 11 с половиной лет

grammar school – классическая школа (государственная или частная; предусматривается изучение классических языков)

secondary modern school – средняя современная школа (государственная; имеет практическую направленность)

comprehensive school – единая средняя школа (соединяющая три типа школ: классическую, среднюю современную и техническую)

co-educational – с совместным обучением

GCSE сокр. от the General Certificate of Secondary Education – общий аттестат о среднем образовании

sixth-form college – подготовительный колледж (среднее учебное заведение для молодежи старше 16 лет; государственное или частное)

A-level сокр. от Advanced level 1) повышенный уровень; 2) экзамен на повышенном уровне по программе средней школы

college of further education – колледж дальнейшего образования

A. Write 15 questions on the text. Ask your groupmates to answer them. Summarize what you have learnt about the British State Schools.

B. Practice.

1. Put each of the following words in the correct space in the passage below.

staff	primary school	pupils
learn	play-school	terms
start	compulsory	mixed

Bobby's parents decided to send him to a... when he was three. They wanted him to... to play with other children. In Britain children must, by law, ... school at the age of five. Education is... from then. Bobby's first real school was the.... There are three... a year and holidays at Christmas, Easter and in summer. The... are boys and girls together, so it's a... school. The teachers on the... are young and friendly. Bobby likes the school.

Private Education

Seven per cent of British school children go to private schools called independent schools. There are 2, 400 independent schools and they have been growing in number and popularity since the mid-1980s.

Parents pay for these schools, and fees vary from about £ 250 a term for a private nursery to £ 3, 000 a term or more for a secondary boarding school (pupils board, i.e. live at the school). Most independent schools are called prep schools because they prepare the children for the Common Entrance Exam which they take at the age of 11. This exam is for entry into the best schools.

The most famous schools are called 'public schools' and they have a long history and tradition. It is often necessary to put your child's name on a waiting list at birth to be sure he or she gets a place. Children of wealthy or aristocratic families often go to the same public school as their parents and grandparents. Eton is the best known of these schools.

The majority of independent schools, including public schools, are single-sex, although in recent years girls have been allowed to join the sixth forms of boys' schools. Independent schools also include religious schools (Jewish, Catholic, Muslim etc.) and schools for ethnic minorities.

Less than 2 per cent of British children go to public schools, yet these schools have produced over the centuries many of Britain's most distinguished people. So parents who can afford it still pay thousands of pounds to have their children educated at a public school. It was claimed some time ago by Labour supporters that the public schools would die a natural death, but at the end of the 1980s they were more firmly established than ever. There are more than sixty major public schools – the elite.

A public school education is not the only route to the best universities and the best jobs. Mrs Thatcher, for example, went to a state school and very few Labour MPs went to public schools. On the other hand the senior posts in jobs like banking and the civil service are nearly always held by public school men or women. During most of the 1980s, 50 of the members of Parliament had all been to just one school – the most famous of all public schools – Eton.

References

private school – частная школа

boarding school – школа-интернат

public schools — паблик скулз (высокопривилегированные частные школы, платные, закрытые; чаще школы-интернаты)

A. Write 15 questions on the text. Ask your groupmates to answer them. Summarize what you have learnt about the British public schools.

Fact File – School Day

Did you know that...?

Terms: There are normally three school terms in Britain: Autumn, Spring and Summer terms. The Autumn term starts on the first Tuesday morning in September.

Half-term: The schools usually have five days' holiday halfway through each term. Sometimes schools take their pupils on trips at half-term, e.g. skiing in February or a French exchange visit.

Holidays: This can vary from region to region. The schools usually have ten days at Christmas, ten days at Easter and six weeks in the summer from the end of July to the beginning of September.

School meals: Students can eat lunch in the school canteen. They buy 'dinner tickets' at an inexpensive rate in school. Some students can have 'free school meals' if their parents have a low income. In recent years more and more students have decided to bring their own lunch (sandwiches), known as a 'packed lunch', rather than eat in the canteen. All pupils enjoy discussing how awful school food is.

School yard: In most schools the pupils spend the breaktime and lunch hour in the school yard or on the school field. If the weather is bad they I may spend break in the school hall – a very large room for assembly.

School assembly: All schools must by law organise a short daily meeting for the whole school to give important information and give some form of religious worship.

School uniform: Even more popular in recent years. Pupils sometimes wear a blazer and a school cap (more common at private schools than at state schools) or – more usually – a shirt, trousers or a skirt, and a sweater in the school colours, together with a school tie.

Classrooms: Most of the pupils' time is spent in a classroom equipped with desks and a blackboard, nowadays often called chalkboard which is normally brown or green. The desks are arranged in rows, the space between the rows is called an aisle.

In addition to classrooms there are laboratories for Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Technical rooms are for Woodwork, Metalwork, Technical Drawing. There are rooms for computer studies. Many young people use them for school exercises. They are now able to write their own games as well. The Physical Education lessons are conducted at the gymnasium, games-hall or at the playground in front of the school building. There are also language laboratories and housecraft rooms. Every school has a library and a school canteen. In the student common room boys and girls can relax during the breaks and lunch time. The Staff common room is for teachers. In case of illness a schoolchild may go to the sick room.

Timetable: Each schoolday is divided into periods of 40-50 minutes, time for various lessons with 10-20 minutes' breaks between them. It might be interesting for you to see the 'Bell Times' at St Mary's Comprehensive School (the fifth form).

Time	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday
8.30 – 8.40	registration	registration	registration	registration	registration
8.40 – 9.00	assembly	assembly	assembly	assembly	assembly
9.00 – 9.45	French	Technology	S.E.	Art	R.E.
9.45 – 10.30	French	Science	Maths	Art.	I.T.
10.30 – 11.15	Science	Science	Maths	French	Science _;
11.15 – 11.30	break	break	break	break	break
11.30 – 12.15	Maths	History	English Literature	Science	Technology
12.15 – 1.00	Maths	History	English Literature	Science	Technology
1.00 – 2.00	lunch	lunch	lunch	lunch	lunch
2.00 – 2.45	English Languaae	Art	P.E.	History	English Language
2.45 – 3.30	English Language	Art	P.E.	English Language	English Language

Р.Е. = Physical Education; I T. = Information Technology; S.E. = Sex Education; R.E. = Religious Education

Extra-curricular activities: Each school or sixth-form college has its School or College Council. It helps to plan the policy for the whole school. It organizes the social and cultural life at the school. School Councils in many schools and colleges are chaired by a student and have a majority of student members. They run discos and parties, stage drama productions and decorate the student common room. Music-making is part of school life. Some students help in local hospitals, homes for the handicapped and elderly people. There are many clubs and societies. Very popular, especially with senior pupils, is a school debating society. Most clubs meet regularly: daily, weekly or monthly, at lunch time or after school. Extra-curricular activities include various outings, visits to places of interest and dances. School choirs and orchestras give regular concerts. Sports are very popular too: running, jogging, swimming, self-defence, football, soccer, badminton, aerobics, rugby, etc.

Youth Organizations: There are many national youth organizations in Britain. You have probably read about the Scout and Girl Guides Associations. There are some clubs run by churches. The three-pre-service organizations (the Sea Cadet Corps, Army Cadet Force and Air Training Corps ) are not very large. The activities are related to the work of the armed forces. But the largest youth organizations, as you probably know, are the associations of the Boy Scouts and the Girl Guides. There are about 1, 300, 000 boys and girls in them. The movement of Boy Scouts was founded by General Baden-Powell in 1908 and began to spring up in almost every town and village of the British Isles. Its aim is to help a Scout (a boy from 8 to 18) to develop into a good man and a useful citizen. He must be able to handle sails, to use a compass, to lay and light a fire out of doors, he must know first aid and develop interest in music, literature, drama, arts, and films. A Scout is a friend to animals, he's 'clean in thought, word and deed'. He must obey the Scout Law.

The programme of training Girl Guides is planned to develop intelligence and practical skills including cookery, needlework, and childcare. The training and the Law are much the same as those of the Scouts. Like a Scout a Girl Guide must be a friend to animals. She must be 'pure in thought, word and deed'. She must be loyal to God and the Queen.

There are several youth organizations associated with political parties. The Youth Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (YCND) unites thousands of young people of Great Britain. It co-operates with the National Union of Students and many other youth organizations. It organizes mass rallies and meetings, demonstrations, marches of protest, festivals.

References

School Council – школьный совет учащихся

boy scout – бойскаут (мальчик – член ассоциации бойскаутов)

girl guide – герл-гайд (член организации герл-гайдов)

The Scout and Girl Guides Associations – ассоциация бойскаутов и организация герл-гайдов (девочек-скаутов)

Cadet Corps [kq'detko: ] – организация военной подготовки (обыкн. в привилегированной частной школе)

Army Cadet Force ['a: mikq'det'fo: s] – военизированная организация в английских школах (готовит юношей 14-18 лет для службы в армии)

Air Training Corps ['eq'treiniN'ko: ] – военизированная организация в английских школах (готовит юношей 14-18 лет для вступления в ВВС)

YCND – Youth Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament – " Молодежное движение за ядерное разоружение" (организация молодых сторонников мира)

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