Open the brackets using: A. Past Perfect; B. Future Perfect.

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A. 1. She hoped that I (to pay for the tickets already). 2. When we came the performance (to begin). 3. He went to bed as soon! as he (to switch off the TV set). 4. By the end of the year she (to play in two films). 5. When they came home the football match (to finish). 6. By the time the director arrived the actress (to learn her part). 7. She went for a holiday after she (to pass the? exam). 8. I didn't know what to do when I (to spend all the" money). 9. He didn't start eating before he (to wash his hands). 10. He understood the book only after he (to read it again).

B. 1. When the uncle returns from Australia his son (to growl up). 2. By the end of this year I (to learn English very well). 3. I'll need this magazine. Will you (to look through it by morning)? 4. If you come at 9 the concert (to finish). 5. We mustn't be late. They (to eat everything) by the time we come. 6. Before they choose a suitable house they (to see hundreds of

them). 7. When you go out it (to stop raining). 8. By the end of May she (to pass all the exams).

6. Complete the following sentences according to the model:

Model: It was cold in the room (the window/be open/for a long time). --

It was cold in the room because the window had been open for a long time.

1. She didn't know the way there (she/never/be there). 2.1 did not know her address (she/move/to a new flat). 3. They were upset (they/fail/at the exams). 4. She was happy (she/play/the leading role/in a new movie), 5. He rang me up (I/ask/him/to do it). 6. The cake was too sweet (she/put/a lot of sugar/into it). 7. She felt tired (she/work hard/the day before). 8. I didn't see Fred (I/leave/earlier). 9. Kate didn't want to go to the cinema (she/see/the film/before). 10. I didn't listen to that play on the radio (I/hear/it). 11. I couldn't get into my flat at once (I/lose/the key).

7. Finish the following according to the model:

Model: I received a letter from him yesterday, (for a long time) -- I hadn't received letters from him for a long time.

1.1 was in the Bolshoi yesterday, (for many years) 2.1 saw Peter last night, (since we finished school) 3. I watched a thriller on TV yesterday, (since the time I was young) 4. I laughed so much watching the comedy, (for a long time) 5. There was an interesting film on at our local cinema last week, (for many months) 6. We went to a wonderful pop concert last Saturday, (since we were students)

8. Translate into English:

1. Национальная галерея в Лондоне была построена в период между 1832 и 1838 годами. 2. Иностранцев, приезжающих в Британию, поражает обилие традиций и обычаев. 3. В Шотландии Рождество не отмечают. 4. Кроме праздников религиозного происхождения, есть праздники, которые не связаны с религией. 5. В России после реформы календаря Рождество отмечают после Нового года. 6. Рождественская елка уже украшена. Можно начинать праздновать, да? 7. Все приготовили для приема гостей? -- Индейка жарится в духовке, ее подадут через 1 минуту. 8. Родители не ложились спать, пока не были упакованы подарки для всех детей. 9. Зал украшали для празднования юбилея. Никого не впускали. 10. Национальный день Благодарения провозгласил президент Линкольн в 1863 году, и с тех пор его отмечают в последний четверг ноября. 11. Если вас пригласили в гости, где будут подавать еду, следует заранее сказать, если вы соблюдаете диету 12. В канун Нового года принимают решение начать новую жизнь, тратить поменьше денег, бросить курить и т.д., дают всевозможные обещания. 13. В последние годы во многих городах США устраивают бесплатные музыкальные, концерты для публики. 14. В тыкве вырезают дырки для глаз, носа и рта, а внутри зажигают свечку. 15. Лохнесское чудовище видели и сфотографировали много раз с тех пор, как его впервые увидели в 1933 году. 16. Профессор рассердился за то, что 1 апреля над ним подшутили. 17. За праздниками последовали будни. 18. За что его критикуют? -- Его лекции никто не слушает. 19. Надеюсь, что мою открытку получат до праздника. 20. Вызнаете, из чего делают йоркширский пудинг? Нет? Я тоже не знаю.

9. Read and retell the story:

Uncle John's Christmas

" Uncle John, Uncle John! " Little Betty, who was nearly six, came running into her uncle's bedroom. " Wake up, Uncle John, it's seven o'clock ant it's Christmas Eve." Uncle John woke up - he had to, for Bitty had climbed onto his bed, but he did not seem very happy to hear that it was seven o'clock. His sister, who had been married for several years and had two children, had invited him to spend a " family Christmas" with them in the country, for she always felt sorry for her brother who lived alone in a little flat in London. At that moment John longed for his flat - he never got up there before nine o'clock.

Betty did everything she could to help her uncle. She took him to the shops on Christmas Eve, and showed him the enormous doll she wanted for Christmas, and then took him down to the shop again at six o'clock - " They're still open, " she told him -just to make certain that he had bought the doll. In the afternoon Betty and her younger sister Mary showed him how to decorate the Christmas tree with lots of beautiful little things they had bought or made themselves. John felt tired because he had to run up and down the ladder, and he was very happy when bedtime came. But Betty and Mary talked without stopping: " Father Christmas is coming tonight, Father Christmas is coming to night, " they sang as they went up the stairs, and they each put the largest stocking they could find at the end of their bed. " I won't sleep at all night, I'm too excited, " said Betty, and Uncle John could quite believe it as she jumped around in her bed.

At last all was quiet, the girls were asleep, and the presents were in the stockings and on the beds. John went to bed and fell asleep.

" Uncle John, Uncle John." It was little Betty again.

" What? It's not seven o'clock again, is it? "

" Oh no, it's three o'clock, and Father Christmas has been here already. Look."

John saw a large doll in her arms.

" Why on earth, " he thought, " don't we give children presents in the afternoon? "

Make up 15 different questions to the story about Uncle

UNIT SEVEN

SO MANY COUNTRIES, SO MANY CUSTOMS

Topic: English-speaking countries and the capital cities

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

1.	The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии
2.	the British Isles	Британские острова
3.	total area	общая территория
4.	to consist of	состоять из
5.	Cardiff ['ka: difj	Кардифф
6.	Edinburgh	Эдинбург
7.	Belfast [bel'fa: st]	Белфаст
8.	respectively	соответственно
9.	the Atlantic Ocean	Атлантический океан
10.	the Irish Sea	Ирландское море
11.	the North Sea	Северное море
12.	the English Channel	Ла-Манш
13.	mountainous	гористый
14.	valley	долина
15.	plain	равнина
16.	Highlands	Северное нагорье
1.7.	Lowlands	Шотландская низменность
18.	vast	Огромный
19.	Ben Nevis	Бен Невис
20.	the Severn	р. Северн
21.	the Thames	р. Темза
22.	the Clyde	р. Клайд
23.	Gulf Stream	Гольфстрим
24.	(to) influence	влияние; (влиять)
25.	climate	климат
26.	the whole year round	круглый год
27.	population	население
28.	urban	городской
29.	highly developed	высокоразвитый
30.	producer	производитель
31.	exporter	экспортер
32.	machinery	машинное оборудование
33.	electronics	электроника
34.	textile	текстиль
35.	aircraft	самолеты
36.	navigation	судоходство
37.	Shipbuilding	кораблестроение
38.	constitutional monarchy	конституционная монархия
39.	in law	по закону
40.	to reign	царствовать
41.	to rule	править
42.	Prime Minister	премьер-министр
43.	chamber	палата парламента
44.	the House of Lords	палата лордов (верхняя палата парламента; обладает правом отлагательного вето в отношении законопроектов, принятых палатой общин)
45.	the House of Commons	палата общин (нижняя палата парламента; играет главную роль в осуществлении его законодательных функций)
46.	the Bank of England	Английский банк
47.	the Stock Exchange	Лондонская фондовая биржа
48.	the Old Bailey	Центральный уголовный суд, находящийся на улице Олд- Бейли
49.	masterpiece	шедевр
50.	St. Paul's Cathedral (Church of England)	собор св. Павла (главный собор англиканской церкви)
51.	the Tower of London	Лондонский Тауэр
52.	church	церковь
53.	to found	основывать
54.	fortress	крепость
55.	royal	королевский
56.	palace	дворец
57.	prison	тюрьма
58.	governmental	правительственный
59.	Buckingham Palace	Букингемский дворец (главная королевская резиденция в Лондоне)
60.	Westminster Palace (the Houses of Parliament)	Вестминстерский дворец (здание английского парламента)
61.	residence	резиденция, квартира, дом
62.	Changing of the Guard	Смена караула королевских гвардейцев (торжественная церемония); проводится ежедневно утром во дворе перед Букингемским дворцом
	Big Ben	it разг. " Биг Бен", " Большой Бен" (колокол часов-курантов на здании парламента, бой которых передается ежедневно по радио как сигнал точного времени)
64.	Westminster Abbey	Вестминстерское аббатство
65.	(to) crown [kraun]	корона, (короновать)
66.	to bury [beri]	хоронить, погребать
67.	statesman	государственный деятель
68.	Trafalgar Square	Трафальгарская площадь
69.	Nelson's Column	Колонна Нельсона (памятник адмиралу Нельсону)
70.	in memory of...	в память о...
71.	rowdy ['raudi]	шумный
72.	the National Gallery	Национальная галерея (крупнейшее в Великобритании собрание картин)
73.	the National Portrait Gallery	Национальная портретная галерея
74.	the British Museum	Британский музей (один из крупнейших в мире)
75.	manuscript	рукопись
76.	be famous for	быть знаменитым..., славиться
77.	Hyde Park	Гайд-парк (самый известный лондонский парк)
78.	Green Park	Грин-Парк (тянется вдоль улицы Пиккадилли; букв, зелёный парк; в нём одна зелень, без цветов)
79.	Regent's Park	Риджентс-Парк (большой парк в северозападной части Лондона; площадь 180 га; бывшее место королевской охоты; в нем расположен также лондонский
80.	Kensington Gardens	Кенсингтон-Гардеш (большой парк в Лондоне; примыкает к Гайд-парку)
81.	St. James's Park	Сент-Джеймсский парк (в центральной части Лондона; по всей его длине тянется озеро с редкой водоплавающей птицей; первые пеликаны были завезены из России в 1664 г.)
82.	Speakers' Corner	" Уголок оратора" (место в Гайд-паркев, где по воскресеньям и Субботам с импровизированной трибуны выступают ораторы на различные темы; в наст. вр. превратился в одну и туристических достопримечательностей
83.	down the street	по улице (вдоль по нарастающим номерам домов
84.	up the street	по улице (вдоль по убывающим номерам домов улицы)
85.	at the bottom	в конце; внизу; на дне
86.7.	to put someone down	высадить
87.	room	зд. место
88.	to get (got, got)	зд. приезжать, добираться
89.	to get on (a bus, a train, etc.)	входить (в автобус, и поезд и т.д.)
90.	to get off (a bus, a train, etc.)	выходить (из автобуса, из поезда и т.д.)
91.	the head of state	глава государства
92.	to elect	выбирать
93.	the Labour party	Лейбористская партия
94.	the Conservative party	Консервативная партия
95.	the Liberal party	Либеральная партия
96.	Whitehall	1) Уайтхолл (улица в центральной части Лондона, на которой находятся некоторые важнейшие министерства и др. правительственные учреждения); 2) английское правительство
97.	Charing Cross	Чаринг-Кросс (перекресток между Трафальгарской площадью [Trafalgar Square] и улицей Уайтхолл [Whitehall], принятый за центр Лондона при отсчете расстояний)

Some Good Rules

1. Every bird likes its own nest best.

2. The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.

3. Seeing is believing.

4. Every man is a king at home.

5. A gentleman ought to travel abroad, but dwell at home.

6. He that travels far knows much.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands. They are Great Britain and Ireland and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244.000 square kilometres. The United Kingdom consists of four countries. They are England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland- Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Belfast respectively. The capital of the United Kingdom is London.

England is the southern and central part of Great Britain. Scotland is in the north of the island and Wales is in the west. Northern Ireland is situated in the northeastern part of Ireland.

The west coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, the east coast is washed by the North Sea, and the south coast is washed by the English Channel. The English Channel lies between Great Britain and the continent.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. The south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but ail the rest - east, centre and south-east, is a vast plain. Mountains are an important part of the geography of the country. They are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain. It is 1343 metres high, In England the Pennine Chain runs down from the north through the centre. In Wnlci there are the Cumbrian Mountains.

The British Isies have many rivers, but they are not very long. The Severn, which flows, into the.Irish Sea, is the longest river. The Thames is the deepest and the most important one. Scotland's most important river is the Clyde, on which stands Glasgow.

England, Ireland and Scotland have many beautiful lakes.

There are no great forests in the British Isles today. Historically, the most famous forest is Sherwood Forest, in the east of England. It was the home of Robin Hood.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles greatly. It is generally mild the whole year round, not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer.

The United Kingdom is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban. There are at least people of four nationalities in the United Kingdom. They are the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish. Each of them has their own language.

The United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. It is centred in London, Glasgow, Newcastle and in Belfast.

Sheep farming, cattle farming, and dairy farming are important branches of the British economy. Wheat is grown in the east of England, but oats and rye are the main grown crops. Vegetables are grown in all parts of England, especially in the south. The south of England is often called the " Garden of England". This is because there are many gardens and orchards there.

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. Power in the country belongs to Parliament with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons is elected by the people. The members of the House of Lords are not elected.

There are three political parties in Great Britain. They are the Conservative, the Liberal and the Labour parties.

Asking the Way

- Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Trafalgar Square?

- Certainly. Cm down Regent Street to Piccadilly Circus and then go down the Haymarket. Turn to the left at the bottom and in less than a minute you'll be in Trafalgar Square

- Thank you very much. How far is it from here?

- If you walk, it'll lake you ten minutes or a quarter of an hour.

- Is there a bus?

- There's sure to be. But you'd better ask the policeman over there. He'll give you all the information you want.

- Thank you.

- Excuse me, officer, is there a bus from here to Trafalgar Square?

- Yes, sir, any bus'll take you. There's a bus-stop just over there. Ask the conductor to put you down at Trafalgar Square.

- Thank you.

- Does this bus go to Trafalgar Square?

- Yes, sir. Come along, hurry up... No room on top, inside only... no standing on the platform... pass down the bus, please... Sorry, full up... Sorry, sir, you can't smoke inside, you'll have to wait until there's room upstairs... Fares, please.

- Trafalgar Square, please... and will you tell me when we get there?

- Trafalgar Square! This is where you get off, sir.

-Thank you.

(The Lingiiaphone English Course)

2. -- Excuse me, do you know where the nearest bank is, please?

-- Go straight down to the traffic lights, then turn left and it's the second street on your right.

-- Thank you. And is there a post office near here?

-- Yes, on the other side of the square.

3. -- Excuse me, how do I get to Baker Street from here?

-- Take bus 24 at the bus station.

-- Is the bus station far?

-- No, only about a quarter of a mile. Turn right at the traffic lights.

-- Thank you.

-- You are welcome.

4. -- Excuse me, where's the nearest metro station?

-- It's about 200 metres down the road.

-- And how do I get to Trafalgar Square?

-- I'm sorry. I don't know, I'm a stranger here, too. Ask the policeman.

-- Thank you, anyway.

1. Give Russian equivalents to:

Text A: total area; lie between Great Britain and the continent; the surface varies very much; a vast plain; flow into the sea; the home of Robin Hood; over 57 million; one of the world's largest producers and exporters of...; important branches of the British economy; the British Parliament consists о two chambers.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. The United Kingdom is an island state, isn't it? Where is it situated?

2. What countries is the United Kingdom made of? What are their capitals?

3. What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?

4. The surface of the British Isles varies very much, doesn't it?

5. What is the north of Scotland called? What is the south of Scotland called?

6. What's the highest mountain in Scotland?

7. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?

8. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild?

9. Is the United Kingdom a large country?

10.What is the United Kingdom's population?

11.The United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country. What does it produce and export?

12. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. What does it mean?

3. Match the following proverbs and their meanings:

1. Every bird likes its own nest best. 2, The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. 3. Seeing Is believing, 4. Every man is a king at home. 5. A gentleman ought to travel abroad, but dwell at home. 6. He that travels far knows much.

a). One feels happiest in his own country as he knows the customs and habits of the people. b). It is better to see once than hear much. c). Life seems easier, better, happier in any other side of the fence. d). Every man may go and see foreign countries, but must come back. e). The more a man sees, the more he knows. f). Every man praises what is familiar and dear to him.

4. Complete the dialogue and act it out in pairs:

(A stranger is asking for directions in a town you know well.)

Ann: Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to..., please?

Bob: Yes. At the moment you are standing in... (at..., near...).

A: And I want to go to...

B: If you turn left..., you'll come to...

A: But I don't want to go to...

B: No, I know you don't. But if you go straight along this road, you'll come to...

A: But I don't want to go to...

B: No, you don't, do you? So if you turn right at..., you'll come to...

A: Thank you.

B: Not at all.

5. Make up short dialogues according to the models:

Model A: - Can you swim?

- Yes, I can.

- How long have you been able to swim?

- I've been able to swim since I was 5.

Model B:

- Can you swim?

- No, I can't. I've never been able to swim.

(speak English; play the piano; play tennis; sing; dance; cook; knit; drive; fly...)

6. Use " can, " " could, " " may, " " might, " " to be able":

--... I come in?

-- Yes, come in, please. What... I do for you?

-- I've read the advertisement. I'm looking for a job.... you offer me something?

-- Oh, yes. I need a secretary. But... you give me your name first?

-- I'm Mary Smith.

-- Mary,... I ask you a few questions?

-- Certainly sir.

-- You... call me Mr. Wilde. What... you do? ... you type?

-- Yes, I..., and I... take shorthand.

-- Very good. How long... to type?

-- I... to type since I studied it at school. --... you speak any foreign languages?

-- Yes, I... Speak French and German and I... understand Russian.

--... you start work tomorrow?

-- I think I... thank you.... I go now?

-- Yes, you.... See you tomorrow.

7. Use " must" or " needn't":

1. Must I tell the truth? --..., it's important. 2. Must I go shopping? --...we have a lot of food. 3. Must I do this work now? --... you can do it later. 4. Must I type these papers today? --..., I need them today. 5. Must I take the dog out for a walk? --..., I'm busy now. 6. Must I come on Saturdays? --..., it's your day off.

X. Use " must, " " mustn't, " " needn't, " " have, " " should, " " shouldn't":

-- Well, kids, this is Kelly, your baby-sitter for the time we're away. You... be nice to her. Dad and I are sorry we... leave you for a month, but we really

-- Hi, you... be Sam, and this... be the little Nancy.

-- Oh, you... be so noisy. Come, Kelly, we... show you around the house. You... do a lot of work. The only thing you... do is feed them on time and look after them during the day.

--... I go shopping?

-- No, you..., we have a housekeeper and a maid.

--...I wash up?

-- No, you..., you... do any work about the house.

-- What time... I come in the morning?

-- You... come at 9 and stay till 5, but you... be late in the morning, and you... allow Sam to stay out in the garden long You... be firm about it. If anything goes wrong, you... phone us

-- You... worry, I'll do my best.

8. Use modal verbs:

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