Ex.4. Read the text, translate 1, 2, 3 paragraphs in written form, and complete the task after it.

Laser

In the " War of Worlds" written before the turn of the century H. Wells told a fantastic story of how Martians almost invaded our Earth. Their weapon was a mysterious " sword of heat". Today Wells' sword of heat has come to reality in the laser. The name stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

Laser, one of the most sophisticated inventions of man, produces an intensive beam of light of a very pure single colour. It represents the fulfilment of one of the mankind's oldest dreams of technology to provide a light beam intensive enough to vaporize the hardest and most heat-resistant materials. It can indeed make lead run like water, or, when focused, it can vaporize any substance on earth. There is no material unamenable to laser treatment and by the end of 2000 laser will have become one of the main technological tools.

The applications of laser in industry and science are so many and so varied as to suggest magic. Scientists in many countries are working at a very interesting problem: combining the two big technological discoveries of the second half of the 20-th century - laser and thermonuclear reaction - to produce a practically limitless source of energy. Physicists of this country have developed large laser installations to conduct physical experiments in heating thermonuclear fuel with laser beams. There also exists an idea to use laser for solving the problem of controlled thermonuclear reaction. The laser beam must heat the fuel to the required temperature so quickly that the plasma does not have time to disintegrate. According to current estimates, the duration of the pulse has to be approximately a thousand-millionth of a second. The light capacity of this pulse would be dozens of times greater than the capacity of all the world's power plants. To meet such demands in practice scientists and engineers must work hard as it is clear that a lot of difficulties are to be encountered on route⁴.

The laser's most important potential may be its use in communications. The intensity of a laser can be rapidly changed to encode very complex signals. In principle, one laser beam, vibrating a billion times faster than ordinary radio waves, could carry the radio, TV and telephone messages of the world simultaneously. In just a fraction of a second, for example, one laser beam could transmit the entire text of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Besides, there are projects to use lasers for long distance communicat-ion and for transmission of energy to space stations, to the surface of the Moon or to planets in the solar system. Projects have also been suggested to place lasers aboard Earth satellites nearer to the Sun in order to trans-form the solar radiation into laser beams, with this transformed energy subsequently transmitted to the Earth or to other space bodies. These projects have not yet been put into effect, because of the great technolo-gical difficulties to be overcome and therefore the great cost involved. But there is no doubt that in time these projects will be realized and the laser beam will begin operating in outer space as well.

Answer the questions according to the text: What is this text about? 2. What does the word «laser» mean? 3. What is a laser, is it a device or a phenomenon?

Ex.5. Consider these statements be true or false (according to the text):

1. Laser means «light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation». 2. Laser produces an intensive beam of light. 3. In the next few years laser will become one of the main technological tools. 4. Martians almost invaded the Earth before the turn of the last century. 5. Laser and thermonuclear reaction can produce a limited source of energy. 6. The laser beam heats the fuel so quickly that the plasma disintegrates. 7. There are projects to transform lunar radiation into beams. 8. The laser beam will begin operating in outer space.

Ex.6. Complete the extract from an article about satellite design using the words in the box.

Сubic

gravity

lightweight

square

weigh

weightless

mass

Satellites need to be designed to cope with two very different phases: deployment (the journey into space by rocket) and operation (working in space). For the first phase, engineers are faced with the problem that every (1)............... metre of volume taken up within the rocket will add millions of dollars to its ticket into space. And each extra gram of (2)......................... added to the craft will increase the fuel needed to propel it upwards against the pull of (3)............................... That extra fuel, in turn, will (4).......................... a little more, further adding to the total weight of the craft. With the cost of kilograms so high, the satellite must therefore be as (5)............................ as possible. In the second phase, with the orbiting satellite now (6)............................, its mass is practically irrelevant.

III. Writing

Ex.7.Translate the instruction in written form:

Important Installation and preparation of your oven

Before your appliance is connected to the main electricity supply, check to ensure that the voltage and the frequency shown in the data plate correspond with your power supply. The data plate is situated on the back cover of the oven, or it is situated in the front of the storage compartment and can be seen by opening the storage compartment cover or pulling the drawer.

Warning!

This appliance must be earthed. Our company shall not hold responsible for any damage caused by the utilization of the oven without ground socket. Before applying to Authorized service, have the electrical wiring of your home ready for connection. If the appliance is connected by a plug, that plug is easily accessible after installation (but not above the hob). This product must only be installed by a qualified electrician, e.g. local electricity company to a suitable double pole control unit with a minimum contact clearance of 3 mm in all poles which should be adjacent to (but not above) the cooker in accordance with IEE regulation. Failure to observe this instruction may result in operational problems and invalidation of the product warranty. If the appliance is connected by a plug, that plug is easily accessible after installation (but not above the hob). The cable length should be 2 mt max for isolation safety.

In models with «covered type- terminal block».

In mix models a cable supplied with a plug with your oven (H05 VV-F 3G 1.5 mm2).

If a cable without a plug is provided together with your oven (H05 V V-F 3G 2, 5 mm2) take care to connect as below:

Brown cable = L (Live)

Blue cable = N (Neutral)

Green/Yellow cable = E (Earth).

If your oven is supplied without a supply cord use schema-l to choose a supply cord and use schema-II for installation of a cord. The cable length should be max 2m long for isolation safety. Open the terminal block cover. Connect the supply cable according to wiring diagram on the rear cover. Fix the supply cable to main body with integrated screw via cable tightener. Assembly the terminal blocks cover to its place. Your oven is suitable for single and three phase connection. The main cable must pass through the cable clamp. The main cable should be routed away from the appliance and in particular ventilation slots, the vent outlet and should not be obstructed when pushed in to position between the appliance and the wall and/or cabinet.

Ex.8. Translate the text into English:

Всегда нажимайте на кнопку «Безопасный режим» (SAFE) при выполнении наладочных работ и технического обслуживания. Используйте кнопку на кнопочном пункте управления, наиболее близко расположенном к зоне, в которой проводятся работы, даже если она нажата на другом пункте. После нажатия кнопки убедитесь, что горят сигнальные лампы безопасности. Не отключайте встроенные защитные и блокировочные устройства. Все защитные механизмы, механические или электрические, должны всегда быть в рабочем состоянии.

Ex.9. Describe the scheme:

IV. Speaking

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