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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Итоговые семестровые контрольные работы
Семестр I. Выполните тест 3 (с.209-211) в учебнике И.П. Агабекяна «Английский язык для ССУЗов». II. Найдите правильный ответ: 1. The place we can take books for reading for a short period of time is called … a) book shop; b) library; c) canteen. 2. The person who takes part in sport competitions is a.... a) pop singer; b) sportsman; c) actress. 3. One of the most popular kinds of sports in the United States is …. a) golf; b) rugby; c) baseball. 4. … is the national kind of sport in England. a) golf; b) football; c) rugby. 5. The first Olympic Games took place in …. a) 876 B.C.; b) 776 B.C.; c) 394 A.D. 6. At first, the athletes took part only in …. a) wrestling; b) jumping; c) race. 7. Moscow was founded by the prince Yuri Dolgoruky in ….. a) 1491; b) 1147; c) 1636. 8. … was built in 1561 to celebrate Russian victory over Kazan kingdom. a) the Kremlin; b) the Archangel Cathedral; c) St. Basil’s Cathedral. 9. The total area of the Russian federation is … … … square kilometers. a) about 15 million; b) over 17 million; c) over 170 thousand. 10. In Russia the President controls only …. a) the government; b) the Supreme Court; c) Federal Assembly.
Семестр I. Выполните тест 4 (с.211-214) в учебнике И.П. Агабекяна «Английский язык для ССУЗов». II. Найдите правильный ответ: 1. The right to education for every citizen of our country is guaranteed by …. a) the Federal Law; b) the Constitution; c) the state. 2. … gives general knowledge in academic subjects and a profound knowledge in one or several subjects. a) college; b) vocational school; c) technical school. 3. Over 85% of secondary school pupils in Great Britain attend … …. a) grammar schools; b) comprehensive schools; c) secondary modern schools. 4. … … is the biggest of the modern English universities and has many colleges and schools. a) The University of Wales; b) Queen’s University; c) London University. 5. In the USA … … are free, and … … are fee-paying. a) private schools; state schools; b) state schools; private schools; c) state schools; public schools. 6. Elementary and secondary schools in the USA consist of … grades. a) twelve; b) eleven; c) ten. 7. At the age of sixteen children leave … … … and may continue their education at the upper grades of high school. a) high school; b) junior school; c) junior high school. 8. A university in the US usually has several different … in it. a) schools; b) colleges; c) institutes. 9. A program for undergraduate usually takes … years. a) four; b) three; c) four and a half. 10. … … or … … gives training for work in areas such as electronics, carpentry and others. a) The community college; technical school; b) The technical; vocational school; c) The university; college. Семестр I. Выполните тест 5 (с.214-216) в учебнике И.П. Агабекяна «Английский язык для ССУЗов». II. Прочитайте части текста и составьте из них письмо. Заполните таблицу. A. Dear Ann, How are you? I can’t wait till you finish your course and return home. I have had no one to talk my problems over with since you left. That’s why I’m writing. I need your advice. The problem has to do with my parents again. B. Another problem is that they think I’m too young to go out alone with my friends. Don’t they realize I’ve grown up? What should I do to make them understand? C. You remember that they are members of a gardening club, don’t you? Well anyway, this club organizes a dance for its members and their families every month. My parents always insist that I go along with them. D. I feel helpless. If you were me, would you just ignore them and do what ever you wanted to? I’m anxiously waiting for your reply. Sandra E. I can’t tell you how boring it is to watch all the “oldies” dance. There are some other children that go there, but that’s exactly what they are – children. I’ve told my parents I don’t like going to these dances, but they don’t take me seriously. Семестр I. Выполните тест 6 (с.217-219) в учебнике И.П. Агабекяна «Английский язык для ССУЗов». II. Найдите правильный ответ: 1. Computer programs are called … a) hardware; b) software; c) utility. 2. Peripheral devices can be external, such as a mouse, …, printer, monitor, and scanner. a) disk drive; b) board; c) keyboard 3. Monitors that are … or more inches diagonally are often called full-page monitors. a) 16; b) 14; c) 18 4. Internet is a … connecting millions of computers. a) global network; b) remote terminal; c) hypertext document 5. E-mail is the abbreviation for … mail, the transmission of messages over communications networks. a) electrical; b) elemental; c) electronic 6. The year of study at college consists of … terms. a) three; b) four; c) two 7. The Agricultural College of GASU trains specialists in agronomy, veterinary sciences, …, livestock breeding and tourism. a) accounting; b) hunting management; c) farming 8. There are … faculties and agricultural college, which are housed in three buildings. a) ten; b) nine; c) fifteen 9. The physical-mathematical faculty and … are located in the old three-storeyed building of our University. a) the geographical faculty; b) the history faculty; c) the chemical-biological faculty 10. Students try not to miss the lectures and … and take notes of them. a) tutorials; b) terms; c) clubs
Итоговая контрольная работа I. Выполните тест 11 (с.229-231) в учебнике И.П. Агабекяна «Английский язык для ССУЗов». II. Прочитай тексты и выполни задание. 1. Angela is a schoolgirl from Brighton. She wants to be a doctor. She is going to medical school next year. It’s a long course – about six years – but she is going to work very hard. She thinks that it’s a difficult job, but she likes working with people. She says that later she would like to specialize and perhaps be a paediatrician. “I love children, and looking after them would be wonderful.” 2. Deena is doing Biology, Chemistry, Maths and Further Maths “A” levels and will sit the exams next summer. “I’d like to train as a dentist when I’ve finished college. I want to do something medically orientated and chose dentistry because there aren’t so many years of studying as there are to become a doctor.” 3. Steve wants to be a chef. His favourite room in the house is the kitchen, where he spends most of the day. “I love cooking, especially for lots of people. I have over a hundred cook books.” He is going to work in a restaurant in Paris, where he hopes to learn how to prepare sauces. One day, he’d like to have his own restaurant. 4. Jane is studying marketing at university. She enjoys travelling, and would probably like to work for a tour company. “I’m not sure yet exactly what I want to do. After university, I’m going to take a year off, and I’m going round the world with another girl. We hope to find work on the way.” 5. Nick doesn’t know for certain what he will do. He says: “I think the best way to prepare myself for a future job is to get a good education. Jobs are changing and new ones are constantly appearing. In a few years, there will be many more new jobs and nobody knows yet what they will be. Заполни таблицу в соответствии с содержанием текстов.
Тест на контроль остаточных знаний 1. Выполните тест 13 в учебнике И.П. Агабекяна «Английский язык для ССУЗов» на с.234-236. ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ Text 1 Education in Russia Every citizen of our country has the right to education. This right is guaranteed by the Constitution. It is not only a right but a duty, too. Every boy or girl must get secondary education. They go to school at the age of six or seven and must stay there until they are 14-17 years old. At school pupils study academic subjects, such as Russian, Literature, Mathematics, History, Biology, a foreign language and others. After finishing nine forms of a secondary school young people can continue their education in the 10th and the 11th form. They can also go to a vocational or technical school, where they study academic subjects and receive a profession. A college gives general knowledge in academic subjects and a profound knowledge in one or several subjects. After finishing a secondary, vocational, technical school young people can start working or enter an institute or a university. Institutes and universities train specialists in different fields. A course at an institute or a university usually takes 5 years. Many universities have evening and extramural departments. They give their students an opportunity t study without leaving their jobs. Institutes and universities usually have graduate courses which they give candidate or doctoral degrees. Education in this country is free at most schools. There are some private primary and secondary school where pupils have to pay for their studies. Students of institutes and universities get scholarships. At many institutes and universities there are also departments where students have to pay for their education.
Vocabulary: 1. a citizen of – гражданин (какой-либо страны) 2. the right of education – право на образование 3. to be guaranteed by the Constitution – гарантироваться конституцией 4. an academic subject – общеобразовательный предмет 5. to finish … forms – закончить … классов 6. to continue one’s education – продолжить образование 7. to receive a profession – получить профессию 8. to give general knowledge in smth. – дать общие знания в какой-либо области 9. to give a profound knowledge in smth. – давать углубленные знания в какой-либо области 10. to train a specialist in smth. – подготовить специалиста в определенной области 11. an evening department – вечернее отделение 12. to give an opportunity – предоставить возможность 13. without leaving one’s job – одновременно работая 14. graduate courses – аспирантура 15. to give candidate or doctoral degrees – присваивать степень кандидата или доктора наук 16. free – бесплатный 17. a private school – частная школа 18. a primary school – начальная школа 19. to get a scholarship – получать стипендию 20. to pay for one’s education – платить за чье-либо образование I. Answer the questions: 1. What does the phrase “the right to education” mean? 2. Why is education a duty, too? 3. What subjects do pupils study at school? 4. What can young people do after finishing the 9th form? 5. What subjects do young people study at technical schools and at colleges? II. Translate into English: Право на образование в России гарантируется конституцией. В средней школе ученики изучают академические предметы После окончания 9 класса молодые люди могут пойти в техникум или ПТУ. Там они изучают академические предметы и получают специальное образование. Молодые люди могут продолжить образование в 10 и 11 классе или колледже, дающим углубленные знания по одному или несколько предметам. Молодые люди, поступившие в институт или университет, учатся там 5 лет. Студенты вечернего и заочного отделений могут получить образование, одновременно работая. Начальное и среднее образование бесплатно в большинстве школ. В частных школах и на некоторых отделениях институтов и университетов нужно платить за образование. Text 2 School education in the USA The federal government pays little attention to school education in the USA. There is neither a uniform school system in the USA, nor a uniform curriculum. Each state has its own system of schools. But there are some common features in the organisation of school education in the country. Schools in the USA can be divided into state, or public schools, and private schools. State schools are free, and private schools are fee-paying. Elementary and secondary schools consist of twelve grades. Classes meet for about ten months a year, five days a week and five hours a day. At elementary school English, mathematics, science, social studies, music, sports and other subjects are taught. Elementary education begins at the age of six, when a child goes to the first grade. Secondary education is offered at high school. At the age of sixteen children leave junior high school and may continue their education at the upper grades of high school. Besides giving general education some high schools teach some other subjects. Students choose these subjects if they want to enter colleges or universities or hope to find jobs in industry or agriculture. Many schools include classes teaching basic computer skills. A growing number of young people go to colleges or universities. Nevertheless, many students of high school don’t finish it. One per cent of American citizens from age of 14 can neither read nor write.
Vocabulary: 1. to pay little attention – уделять мало внимания 2. a uniform school system – единая система школ 3. a uniform curriculum – унифицированная программа 4. a common feature – общая черта 5. a state school – государственная школа 6. a grade – класс 7. to teach a subject – преподавать предмет 8. junior high school – первые классы средней школы или средние классы школы 9. to leave school – окончить школу 10. to continue one’s education at smth. – продолжить образование в (каком-либо учебном заведении) 11. the upper grades of high school – старшие классы средней школы 12. to give general education – давать общее образование 13. to enter a college or a university – поступать в колледж или университет 14. to find a job in industry or agriculture – найти работу в промышленности или сельском хозяйстве 15. to teach basic computer skills – обучать элементарным навыкам работе на компьтере
I. Answer the questions: 1. How can you characterize the organization of school education in the United States of America? 2. What groups can schools in the USA be divided into? 3. What subjects are taught at elementary school? 4. At what age do children study at a high school? 5. What kind of education do high schools give?
II. Translate into English: В США нет единой системы школ и единой программы. Школы в США подразделяются на бесплатные государственные и платные частные. Начальное образование начинается в шесть лет и включает обучение математике, естественным наукам, общественным наукам, музыке, спорту и другим предметам. Средняя школа включает средние и старшие классы. Дети, продолжающие образование в старших классах средней школы, получают (receive) общее образование. Кроме того (besides), им преподают предметы, необходимые для поступления в колледжи и университеты или для получения работы.
Text 3 Higher education in the USA In the United States, a student who has finished high school may want to continue in higher education. There are several ways to do it: universities, colleges, community colleges, and technical or vocational schools. A university in the US usually has several different colleges in it. Each has a special subject area. There may be a college of liberal arts where humanities, social sciences and mathematics are taught. There may be a college of education and a college of business. A program for undergraduate usually takes four years. University students get an undergraduate in the arts or sciences. If they complete a course of study they get Bachelor of Arts or Science degree. Students may leave the university at this time. They may also go on for a graduate or professional degree. The universities may get money from several different sources: from the state government, private sources or even from a religious group. College students usually spend four years at school, too. A college does not have graduate or professional programs. If a college student completes a course of study in arts or science, he or she gets Bachelor of Arts or Science degree. If college students want to continue for a graduate or professional degree, they must go to the University. The college is usually funded in one of the three ways already described. The program of study in the community college usually lasts two years. Not all of the subjects taught there are the usual school subjects. The community college may give courses in the regular academic subjects or subjects like dental technology, sewing and other non-academic subjects. Not all students of the community college have a high school diploma. They may then go to a college for two or more years to get the bachelor’s degree. Community colleges are nearly always publicly funded. The technical or vocational school has only job training, it has no academic program. Students may have a high school diploma, or not. Programs may take from six months to two years and more. The technical or vocational school gives training for work in areas such as electronics, carpentry and others.
Vocabulary: 1. to continue in higher education – продолжить образование в вузе 2. a community college – местный колледж 3. a technical school – техническое училище 4. a vocational school – профессиональное училище 5. to have a special subject program – специализироваться в определенной области 6. a college of liberal arts – колледж свободных искусств 7. a humanity – гуманитарный предмет 8. a social science – общественная наука 9. a natural science – естественная наука 10. a program for undergraduate – программа для студентов 11. to get an undergraduate degree in the arts or science – получить степень (бакалавра) в области гуманитарных или естественных наук 12. to complete a course of study – закончить курс обучения 13. to get Bachelor of Arts or Science degree – получить степень бакалавра в области гуманитарных или естественных наук 14. to go on for a graduate or professional study – продолжить обучение с целью получения степени магистра или доктора или профессиональной степени 15. programs for graduate and professional study – программы обучения для аспирантов и профессионального обучения 16. from private sources – из частных источников 17. a religious group – религиозная община 18. a course in academic subject – академический курс 19. to have a high school diploma – иметь диплом об окончании средней школы 20. job training – профессиональная подготовка Questions: 1. What are the ways to continue in higher education in the USA? 2. What degrees are offered at universities? 3. What sources can a university get money from? 4. What courses are given at a community college? 5. What kind of program does a technical or a vocational school offer?
Translate into English: 1. Молодые люди, окончившие школу, могут продолжить образование в университете, колледже, техническом или профессиональном училище. 2. Колледжи университета специализируются в различных областях: гуманитарных, общественных и естественных науках, образовании или бизнесе. 3. Университет предлагает программу для студентов, аспирантов и профессиональные программы. 4. Если молодой человек заканчивает курс обучения, он получает степень бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук. 5. Если студент продолжает обучение, он получает степень магистра или доктора или профессиональную степень. 6. Университеты могут финансироваться из общественных или частных источников, а также религиозной общиной. 7. Если студент колледжа заканчивает курс обучения гуманитарным или естественным наукам, он получает степень бакалавра. 8. Местный колледж предлагает академические курсы и курсы неакадемических предметов. 9. Технические и профессиональные училища предлагают подготовку в различных областях. Text 4 Resume When do you need a resume? Choose the correct answer. a) when you leave school b) when you enter the university c) when you want to find a job
What’s a resume? In today’s job market the number of openings is limited comparing to the number of resumes submitted every day. The resume is the employer’s tool for choosing among candidates and the employee’s tool to get into a company. So, if your resume is your sales tool – show your most marketable skills. It should not just summarise your job responsibilities. Focus on your accomplishments and contributions, emphasise your successes and strengths. Employers prefer neatly organized one-page resume, as they spend only 15 to 20 seconds on each resume. So, your resume should quickly tell about your past performance and future capabilities. Don’t include personal information such as age, race, gender, height, weight, religion, origin, marital status, children, health, physical appearance, or your photograph. Don’t handwrite your resume. Use a computer and printer. Don’t tell an employer what you want from a job – only what you can contribute. Don’t touch on salary or wage questions. Don’t use cheap paper and bright colours, if you want to look conservative and business like. Don’t submit a resume longer than two pages. Never write it on two sides of the same paper.
Vocabulary: 1. opening – вакансия 2. submit – представлять на рассмотрение 3. employer – работодатель 4. tool – инструмент 5. candidate – кандидат 6. employee – наемный работник 7. sale – продажа 8. skill – навык 9. responsibility – ответственность 10. accomplishment – достижение 11. contribution – вклад 12. success – успех 13. strength – сила, сильная сторона 14. performance – исполнение 15. capability – (неиспользованные еще) возможности 16. gender – пол (мужской, женский) 17. origin – происхождение 18. marital status – семейное положение 19. salary – заработная плата, выплачиваемая раз в месяц 20. wage – заработная плата, выплачиваемая раз в неделю
Task: Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F): A. A correct resume should include such personal information as gender, height, religion, marital status, children, health, physical appearance, and a photograph of the applicant. B. The best way of typing a resume is using a computer and printer. C. Resumes can be printed on any kind of paper. D. It’s better to print a resume on two sides of the same paper than to make it two pages long. E. A resume should be at least two pages long.
Text 5 Resume structure 1. Contact information and objective The contact information tells about who you are, where you live, what your phone number and e-mail address are, and how your employer can reach you. Probably, it’s the most important information in your entire document. Statement of objective are most useful and necessary when you submit a resume for a specific position; when you are changing your career path; or when you are a recent graduate with little handson experience. 2. Professional summary Your professional summary briefly lists not just what you have done, but what else you can do. It shows your personal and professional characteristics, the skills, talents and achievements you can offer a company. It gives your employer a list of criteria which he will get when he hires you. So, the summary should be given in a way that your employer will appreciate. 3. Employment history The most serious error made by many candidates is writing their employment history as if it were a conversation or a story, using “I”-statements. Use active verbs such as “managed”, “provided”, “directed”, “coordinated”, “accomplished”, “maintained”, “encouraged”, “increased”, “conducted”, “participated”, etc. Focus on your accomplishments and show results. List your work experience position by position in reverse chronological order. 4. Education Give your education first if it has the greatest importance for the position you are applying for, or if it is most recent accomplishment in your career. If you are a recent college or university graduate, emphasize your strengths: awards and honours, courses, studies, extracurricular activities and educational programmes you took part in. 5. Other information of interest List hobbies and outside activities, volunteer work and project participation only if they are directly relevant to the position which you’re targeting. 6. References The last element of your resume is a list of people who can vouch for your experience, education and abilities. Or under the heading of “references”, you may just write: “will be furnished on request”, or “Available upon request”, if you prefer to give your employer the copies of reference letters.
Vocabulary: 1. to reach – связаться; достичь 2. entire – весь 3. objective – объект, цель 4. career path – карьерная лестница 5. handson – практический 6. summary – краткое изложение, сводка 7. achievement – достижение 8. criteria – критерии 9. to hire – нанимать 10. to appreciate – оценить 11. error – ошибка 12. to manage – управлять, руководить 13. to provide – обеспечивать 14. to maintain – оказывать поддержку 15. to encourage – поддерживать 16. to increase – увеличивать 17. to conduct – вести, руководить 18. to participate – принимать участие 19. recent – недавний 20. graduate – выпускник 21. award – премия 22. honour – награда 23. extracurricular – дополнительный 24. relevant – относящийся 25. target – цель 26. to vouch – поручиться 27. to furnish – предоставить 28. request – запрос, просьба 29. available – доступный
Task 1: Choose the correct form of formulating the statement of objective. - I would like to obtain the position of Executive Secretary in your company. - a Senior-level position in Sales Department - First of all I’d like to ask myself: what do I want to be? The answer is: A bookkeeper
Task 2: Select what can be included in a professional summary. Tick the right columns. · Ability to develop effective solutions · Driving license · Computer training courses · Strong organisational skills · Enjoying travelling, swimming and skiing · Good communication and interpersonal skills · Ability to work under pressure · Reading classical literature · Good skills in shorthand, typing, billing, filling · Work as secretary to Sales Manager · Good knowledge of English and French · Good time management · Higher education diploma · Computer skills (Microsoft Office, Internet, E-Mail)
Task 3: Read the personality profile of this person and copy down the resume parts into the chart below: I’m Ann Gold. You can always find me at the following address: 134 Yellow Street, 15, Greentown, Russia, 555555. Tel.: (111) 333-222. I graduated from Greentown State University in 2002, I’m Bachelor of Psychology. Immediately after graduating I started my career, working for X& X Ltd for two years as Secretary to the Chief Sales Manager. Today, I’m still working here. I’ve obtained skills such as typing, filing, scheduling appointments, etc. Then, I thought, I could begin a career, because I’ve got many useful skills and abilities. As a psychologist, I’m good at interpersonal communication. I speak English and French fluently, as I lived in Canada for a year at my grandparents’. Moreover, I’ve got good organisational skills; I’m quite experienced in organising sales presentations. I invented a method, increasing the effectiveness of sales presentations by more than 25 %. I’m sure; I can make a career as Sales Manager in a large corporation someday. The only thing I should do now is to create a good and effective resume.
Task 4: Write a resume of your own. GOOD LUCK! Text 6 The Agricultural College My name is Andrew. I am 18. I live in Gorno-Altaisk. I am a third-year student of the college of agriculture of Gorno-Altaisk State University. The agricultural college is included into the University structure. It trains specialists in agronomy, veterinary sciences, accounting, livestock breeding and tourism. Our college is a five-storey building. There are many classrooms, laboratories and two computer classrooms in it. There is also a good library, consisting of an interlibrary loan system and a reading-room. I often visit the library. We have a hostel near the building of the college. More than 300 students from different towns and villages live in the hostel. The students of the Department of Philology, the Languages Department and the Agricultural College live in it. The students` canteen is situated in the hostel. The year of study at college consists of two terms. The students take exams in the end of each term. Our lessons begin at 8 o ۥ clock. We usually have three or four periods a day. The course of study at college takes three years for school-leavers after the ninth form and four years for those after the eleventh form. My future profession is a veterinary. Our college gives a secondary professional education. The education is both theoretical and practical. We study different subjects, such as Anatomy, Genetics, Obstetrics and Parasitology. My favourite subject is Obstetrics. Our group mistress ۥ s name is Anna Ivanovna. She helps us in our study, in development of our personalities and controls our progress in education. We like her very much. I like to study at college and my future profession.
Words: 1. agriculture – сельское хозяйство 2. accounting – бухгалтерский учет 3. livestock breeding – зоотехния 4. farming – фермерство 5. hunting management – звероводство 6. interlibrary loan system – абонемент 7. a reading-room – читальный зал 8. a hostel – общежитие 9. a canteen - столовая 10. a term – семестр 11. a group master (mistress) – классный (ая) руководитель (ница) (куратор) академической группы Task: Tell about the college you study at. Don’t forget to name your favourite subjects and describe your group mates.
Text 7 My University The Federal Government of Russia pays great attention to the problems of education. When our boys and girls finish school many roads are open before them. They may work or enter any college or university. There are many different institutions of higher education and universities in our country. As I am from Gorno-Altaisk I live with my parents in a big flat. I am a third year student of the agricultural college. In a year I shall graduate the college and enter our University. Our University is large. There are ten faculties and agricultural college, which are housed in three buildings. The geographical, the chemical-biological, the economics, the faculty of pedagogics and psychology, the faculty of law and the faculty of foreign languages are situated in the main administrative four-storeyed building of our University. The physical-mathematical faculty and the history faculty are located in the old three-storeyed building of our University. The faculty of the Russian language and literature and Altai philology, the agricultural faculty are placed in the new comfortable building of the agricultural college in Kommunistichesky Prospect. Our University has a post-graduate school in some field of sciences such as mathematics, history, pedagogics, biology, geography, etc. There are many different kinds of laboratories, lecture halls and classrooms in our University. Each building has its own library and reading hall. Our lecturers and professors deliver lectures to our students. Students try not to miss the lectures and tutorials and take notes of them. There are two terms in a year. In January and June students take examinations. They must work hard in order to pass the exams successfully. There is also an extra-mural department at our University. External students come to the University twice a year in order to listen to the lecturers and pass their tests and examinations. After summer examination session all students have their summer holidays. Some of our students go to various clubs and societies. They work in different laboratories, carry on experiments and make scientific reports. Some of the students take an active part in the University social life. I am going to enter our University and become an internal student of the veterinary department of the agricultural faculty. I shall work hard and not fail my examinations. Vocabulary: 1. еducation – образование 2. a faculty – факультет 3. a department – отделение 4. tutorials – практические занятия 5. to deliver a lecture – читать лекцию 6. to take notes of the lectures – записывать лекцию 7. to miss classes – пропускать занятия 8. a term – семестр 9. to take an exam – держать экзамен 10. to pass the exam – сдавать экзамен 11. in order to – для того, чтобы 12. an extra-mural department – заочное отделение 13. an external student – студент-заочник 14. a test – зачет 15. to carry on experiment – проводить опыт 16. to make reports – выступать с докладами 17. to take part in – принимать участие в 18. social life – общественная жизнь 19. an internal student – студент очного отделения 20. to fail in an exam – провалить экзамен
Questions: 1. How many faculties are there in our University? 2. Name the faculties situated in the building of the agricultural college? 3. When do the students have the examination sessions? 4. What is an external student? 5. What can students do after classes?
Text 8 Agriculture Agriculture is the science or art of cultivating the soil, growing and harvesting crops, and raising livestock. The art of making land more productive is practiced throughout the world – in some areas by methods not far removed from the conditions of several thousands of years ago and in other areas with the aid of science and mechanization, as a highly commercial type of endeavour. Agriculture still drafts into its service more of the world’s aggregate manpower than all other occupations combined. Agricultural sciences, the sciences dealing with farm production, including soil cultivation, water control, crop growing and harvesting, animal husbandry, the processing of plant and animal products, engineering, economics and other related matters. The agricultural industry that is the focus of study includes farming, concerned with production; service industries, concerned with making or supplying machinery, buildings, fertilizers, and pesticides; and the first purchasers of farm products, such as processors, distributors, and marketing boards. Agricultural economics means the study of the allocation, distribution, and utilization of the resources used by and commodities produced by farming. The system of economic relations involved in agriculture includes the livelihoods of more than half of people on earth, in some areas, the proportion is as much as three-quarters of the general populace. Agricultural economics plays a role in the economics of development, for a continuous level of farm surplus is one of the wellsprings of technological and commercial growth.
Vocabulary: 1. to cultivate the soil – обрабатывать почву 2. a livestock – домашний скот 3. an endeavour [ı n΄ devə ]– попытка, старание 4. to draft – производить отбор, выделять 5. aggregate – собранный вместе, общий 6. animal husbandry (амер.) – животноводство 7. a fertilizer – удобрение 8. a pesticide – пестицид, (химическое) средство для борьбы с вредителями 9. a purchaser – покупатель 10. an allocation – размещение, распределение 11. a distribution – распространение; распределение 12. a utilization – использование, утилизация 13. commodities – товары 14. livelihood – средства к жизни 15. populace – население 16. a surplus [΄ sə: plə s] – излишек, остаток 17. a wellspring – источник 18. a technological and commercial growth – технологический и коммерческий рост
Questions: 1. What is agriculture? 2. Which sciences are called agricultural? 3. What does agricultural economicsmean?
Text 9 Livestock farming Livestock is a general term that refers to all animals kept on a farm for use or for pleasure. The discussion of livestock includes both beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, mules, asses, buffalo, and camels; the raising of birds commercially for meat or eggs (i.e., chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, guinea fowls, and squabs). An efficient and prosperous animal agriculture historically has been the mark of a strong, well-developed nation. Such agriculture permits a nation to store large quantities of grains and other foodstuffs in concentrated form to be utilized to raise animals for human consumption during such emergences as war or natural calamity. Furthermore, meat has long been known for its high nutritive value, producing stronger, healthier people. Ruminant (cut-chewing) animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats convert large quantities of pasture forage, harvested roughage, or by-product feeds, as well as nonprotein nitrogen such as urea, into meat, milk, and wool. Ruminants are therefore extremely important; more than 60 percent of the world’s farmland is in meadows and pasture. Poultry also converts feed efficiently into protein; chickens, especially, are unexcelled in meat and egg production. Milk is one of the most complete and oldest known animal foods. Cows were milked as early as 9000 BC. Hippocrates, the Greek physician, recommended milk as a medicine in the 5th century BC. Sanskrit writings from ancient India refer to milk as one of the most essential human foods.
Vocabulary: 1. beef and dairy cattle – мясной и молочный скот 2. a guinea fowl [΄ gı nı faul] – цесарка 3. a squab [skwob] – неоперившийся голубь 4. prosperous – процветающий; благоприятный 5. a consumption – потребление, расход 6. an emergency – 1. непредвиденный случай 2. критическое положение 7. a natural calamity – природное бедствие 8. a ruminant (cut-chewing) animal – жвачное животное 9. a pasture forage – подножный корм (фураж) 10. a roughage – грубые корма 11. a urea [΄ juə rı ə ]– мочевина 12. a nitrogen – азот 13. a meadow – луг 14. a poultry – домашняя птица Questions: 1. What is livestock? 2. Ruminant (cut-chewing) animals do you know? 3. What do Sanskrit writings from ancient India call one of the most essential human foods?
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