Fill in the sentences with the words from the box

series, vital, spoil, lenses (2), dipped (2), pressed, storing, shutters, compound, spoilt/spoiled (2), strings, vice versa

 

1) Common salt is a _________of sodium and chlorine.

2) The molecules join together to form long__________.

3) It is __________that the system is regularly maintained.

4) Our camping trip was __________by bad weather.

5) I have two pairs of glasses with different coloured___________ for different light conditions.

6) The tall buildings have__________the view.

7) He __________the brush into the paint.

8) I wanted HIM to come running to ME, not__________.

9) I won’t tell you what happens in the last chapter—I don’t want to ___________it for you

10) His first telescope was made from available __________and gave a magnification of about four times.

11) The movie consisted of a __________of flashbacks.

12) He __________a button and the doors slid open.

13) The fruit had been ___________in chocolate.

14) A small room is used for __________furniture.

15) A pair of windows with wooden __________allows for a good deal of incoming light.

 

Exercise 5

Answer the questions

1) How do digital cameras store pictures?

2) What is a film?

3) Why is a film wrapped up inside a tough, light-proof plastic cylinder?

4) What is a lens?

5) What is the peculiarity of a negative?

5) What are disadvantages of ordinary film cameras?

 

Lesson 10

How do cameras work?

Part 2

How digital cameras work

Digital cameras look very much like ordinary film cameras but they work in a completely different way. When you press the button to take a photograph with a digital camera, an aperture opens at the front of the camera and light streams in through the lens. So far, it's just the same as a film camera. From this point on, however, everything is different. There is no film in a digital camera. Instead, there is a piece of electronic equipment that captures the incoming light rays and turns them into electrical signals. This light detector is called a charge-coupled device (CCD). A CCD is an array of capacitors that are sensitive to light — when you hear cameras advertised by their resolution, it's the number of these capacitors that is being referred to. As particles of light (photons) strike the capacitors, they generate electrons. This creates an overall charge that can then be read as an indication of light intensity.

 

If you've ever looked at a television screen close up, you will have noticed that the picture is made up of millions of tiny colored dots or squares called pixels. Laptop LCD computer screens also make up their images using pixels, although they are often much too small to see. In a television or computer screen, electronic equipment switches all these colored pixels on and off very quickly. Light from the screen travels out to your eyes and your brain is fooled into see a large, moving picture.

 

In a digital camera, exactly the opposite happens. Light from the thing you are photographing zooms into the camera lens. This incoming " picture" hits the CCD, which breaks it up into millions of pixels. The CCD measures the color and brightness of each pixel and stores it as a number. CCDs don't read the color of the light, just its intensity, so to produce color photographs there must be a way of discriminating the intensity of the various colors of incoming light. These colors are known as the additive primaries: green, blue, and red. All the colors you see in a digital photograph are built of these colors.

Your digital photograph is effectively an enormously long string of numbers describing the exact details of each pixel it contains.

Vocabulary

so far – пока что, вплоть до этого момента

charge-coupled device - прибор с зарядовой связью, полупроводниковая светочувствительная матрица

LCD - Liquid-Crystal Display - жидкокристаллический экран

array – ряд, множество

capacitor - [kə ’pæ sitə ] – конденсатор, емкость

resolution - разрешение

overall – общий, полный, суммарный

zoom – проходить, масштабировать

additive primaries - аддитивные основные цвета

 

Exercise 1

Find Russian equivalents to the following words in the text. Learn them by heart.

Стремиться/ струиться, превращать в, луч, разрешение, ударять, частица, показатель, интенсивность, экран, точка, квадрат, пиксель, ноутбук, яркость, жидкокристаллический экран

Exercise 2

Which of the following is the odd-one-out?

1) ray, beam, flash, sun

2) pixel, area, dot, point, spot

3) compound, particle, molecule, atom

4) strike, beat, stretch, hit

5) stream, flow, flood, dip, run

6) panel, screen, display, surface, monitor

 

Exercise 3

Match the words in the first column to the words in the second one to make up word combinations.

ray(s) strike particles screen brightness

the sun’s of dust television of the sun video oneself on the forehead computer ultraviolet of the bulb a rock of a chemical of hope gamma of matter

Exercise 4

Guess the words described below.

1) a narrow line of light, heat or other energy

2) a minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed

3) to hit somebody/something hard or with force

4) run or flow in a continuous current in a specified direction:

5) a plane figure with four equal straight sides and four right angles:

Exercise 5

Fill in the gaps with the prepositions in the box

into(3), of(3), down, on, through, by, with

1) The camera scans photographs and encodes the image _________pixel.

2) A ray ________sunlight came __________the window.

3) She __________sat tears streaming _________her face.

5) The 2 X 0.5 m board was divided ________ four equal sections, with each section divided _______ 25 squares _________ equal size.

6) We can change the brightness _________ the bulb.

7) Depending _______ your screen resolution, this image is about a third the size of the real thing, which is 700 mm long _________400 mm wide.

Exercise 6

Answer the questions

1) What is the difference between ordinary film cameras and digital ones?

2) What does a TV screen consist of?

3) How is each pixel stored?

4) Do CCDs read the color of the light?

5) What are the additive primaries?

 

Keys

Lesson 3

Exercise 5

 

r	o	e	d	c	o	p	r	o	d
c	f	s	m	o	n	i	e	c	u
e	p	s	p	c	v	n	m	a	c
i	u	e	r	r	e	v	u	t	i
n	-	a	g	t	n	e	e	n	p
t	d	s	o	l	t	c	o	n	s
e	n	i	w	i	n	e	e	m	u
r	n	a	l	c	o	u	s	o	n
h	t	e	i	n	m	b	t	i	e
e	a	n	g	e	e	n	i	g	n

 

Lesson 8

Exercise 3

1) All bedrooms are equipped with a colour TV

2) I have fixed the motor to the table with two clamps

3) The shores of these islands are often sandy but temperatures over 30 degrees are rare

4) View all available seats on your next American Airlines flight

5) Prices vary greatly depending on the time of year and type of accommodation.

 

Lesson 9

Exercise 4

c

b

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Lesson 15

Exercise 2

l	t	l	e	i	g	i	t	a	l
a	o	s	m	d	e	l	a	y	e
u	u	r	s	o	r	a	r	e	n
t	n	c	e	f	t	w	l	b	a
i	e	v	e	l	a	u	e	v	e
n	e	c	i	l	s	t	r	i	r
t	e	g	t	e	d	h	a	r	a
e	v	r	a	d	h	a	n	d	w
u	i	e	c	l	e	h	d	u	p
v	s	s	c	u	s	d	a	o	l

Lesson 17

Exercise 3

 

c

o

m

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Интернет ресурсы:

Ø http: //me.columbia.edu/what-mechanical-engineering

Ø https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine

Ø http: //www.mtiwelding.co.uk/what-is-machining/

Ø http: //www.longwood.edu/assets/chemphys/ch4.pdf

Ø http: //safe-guardalarmsystems.com/index.php/commercial-alarms/

Ø http: //www.doctor-air.com/How%20your%20Air%20Conditioner%20Works.htm

Ø https: //www.swtc.edu/ag_power/air_conditioning/animation/intro.htm

Ø http: //www.explainthatstuff.com/washingmachine.html

Ø http: //3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/

Ø http: //www.explainthatstuff.com/digitalcameras.html

 

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1. B. Transform the following sentences from active into passive voice.
2. Ex. 2. Give English equivalents of the following words and phrases.
3. Ex. 3 Match the synonyms to the words
4. Ex. 6. Give your reasons as to why the rules of the Sequence of Tenses are not observed in the following sentences.
5. Ex.1.Find in the text equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
6. Ex.11 Complete the sentences
7. Ex.2.Fill in the gaps with the words given in brackets.
8. Ex.3 .Fill in the gaps with the words given in brackets.
9. Ex.3 Match the following words to their definitions.
10. Ex.3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
11. Ex.3.Guess the meaning of the words and word combinations in italics and translate the whole sentence.
12. EXERCISE 12 Insert the omitted words from the text