III Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. You know him better than anyone else.

2. The world’s smallest independent state is Vatican City, where the Pope lives.

3. The Prime Minister is the most important person in Parliament.

4. The further we swam into the sea, the more beautiful the shore looked.

IV Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложение на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 3).

а) 1. In the 17^th century new industrial branches were developing in Great Btritain.

2. On the New Year’s Eve, people traditionally take a shower in the fountains in Trafalgar Square.

3. Has your boss left for England or for Germany?

4. Britain does not often produce sportsmen who are successful in world sporting championships.

б) 1. National radio is controlled by the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation).

2. Between the 9^th and 11th centuries Wales was divided into small states.

3. Almost all the old city has been destroyed in the Great Fire of London before it was rebuilt.

4. The car will be parked at the parking lot near the hotel.

V Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. British film companies often have to use American actors.

2. Sally’s husband can play football and tennis, but he cannot cook or iron.

3. I am a student at the University and I must study most of the time.

4. The contest was to take place at the end of the last month.

VI Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participe II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. In the nearest future most of the knowledge accepted by mankind will be stored in the computers and made accessible to anyone with the home computers.

2. Working with machines, sharp tools, motors one must always be careful.

3. North Wales has several impressive castles built by English kings.

4. If heavily ironed, a silk fabric may be spoiled.

VII Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-й абзацы.

London

1 London was not built as a city in the same way¹ as Paris or New York. It began life as a Roman fortification at a place where the Romans first crossed the river Thames. They built a city a square mile in size, surrounded it with a wall and called it Londinium. This original site of London is now called the City of London and is Britain’s main financial centre. It is one of the banking centers of the world and there are banks of many nations in the famous Threadneedle Street and the surrounding area². Here, too, you will find the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and Lloyds, the most famous insurance company in the world.

2 Gradually, London has spread into thecountry, including surrounding villages. It explains the fact that London does not have one centre, it has a number of centers, each with a distinct character: the City, mentioned above³, the shopping and entertainment center in the West End, the government center in Westminster. Covent Garden in London’s West End is crowded with cafes, clubs and clothes shops. Soho is known for its clubs. Knightsbridge has a lot of expensive shops and embassies. Fleet Street is the home of the Law Courts. Outside the centre of London there are many areas which used to be⁴ small villages and still managed⁵ to keep their village character.

3 Londonis very attractive to the tourists. There are plenty of historical monuments such as St Paul’s Cathedral designed by a famous architect Sir Christopher Wren, the Tower of London built by William the Conqueror more than 900 years ago, the Houses of Parliament, the Westminster Abbey. From Norman times British monarchs have been crowned in the Westminster Abbey and later they have been buried there.

Trafalgar Square was built early in the last century. Admiral Lord Nelson’s Statue stands in top of a column in the middle of the Square. The square is a good place for people to meet.

4 Many places in London are connected with the Crown. There are royal palaces, royal parks and colorful ceremonies. The most important building is Buckingham Palace, the official residence of the Queen.

5 The East End grew with the spread of industries to the east of the City and the growth of the port of London. It is a place where working people and immigrants live.

Пояснения к тексту:

¹in the same way – подобным образом; так же как

2the surrounding area – окружающая территория

³mentioned above – упомянутый выше

4used to be – зд. в прошлом были

5managed - (им) удалось

VIII Прочтите 2-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Why does London have a number of centers?

2. Where can you go to buy clothes in London?

Вариант №4

I Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s(-es) и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).

Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. English universities greatly differ from each other.

2. Today, Birmingham’s markets offer a large choice of different goods.

3. Sport plays a great role in British life.

4. One evening Nick’s parents went to the theatre and left him alone.

II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. The air pollution in big cities is terrible.

2. Tourists can walk along the top of the three-mile city walls.

3. In medieval times East Anglia became rich because of the wool trade.

4. Heavy industry causes water and air pollution.

III Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. He is one of the world’s greatest and most honoured biologists.

2. Stonehendge is the second most popular tourist attraction in Britain.

3. The skirts were much simpler in design and had little decoration.

4. The longer I stayed in Paris, the more I liked it.

a) 1. Female football teams have become very popular in Britain.

2. Results will depend on which industry sectors cities invest in.

3. Today the world faces two crises: financial and climate change.

4. I had been working in London for two years when I met my wife.

б) 1.The young man was offered a job in the USA last year, but he didn’t agree.

2. The Isle of Wight is visited by thousands of tourists every year.

3. Our life has been changed due to modern science and technology.

4. A new atomic power station is being built in this region.

V Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. What time do we have to be at the station?

2. The man was unemployed because he couldn’t find a job.

3. The pupils at most schools in Britain have to wear uniforms.

4. My friend is to meet me at the airport the day after tomorrow.

VI Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He spent most of the time looking for work.

2. The goods sold at that big shop are of the best quality.

3. While sleeping, some people never hear anything.

4. If washed in hot water, the colour of the material can run.

VII Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-й абзацы.

Economy of Great Britain

1 During the 18^th-19^th centuries Britain was aggressively expanding its Empire being a powerful and rich country because of its colonial territories and industry. Cheap raw materials, produced by badly paid or unpaid workers, were imported from colonies. The technological changes of the Industrial Revolution allowed Britain to manufacture products cheaply for export. The country entered the period of active capitalist progress and at the end of the 19^th century economic life was dominated by monopolies.

2 Now the UK is a modern and prosperous European nation. It has large coal, natural gas and oil reserves; energy production accounts for 10% of gross domestic product.¹ Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labour force. Britain’s branches of industry produce machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, aircraft, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods.²

3 Britain had many manufacturing industries, but since the Second World War its service industries, especially banking and retailing, have expanded. The number of people working in service industries has grown in comparison with people working in manufacturing industries.

4 Heavy industries, including steel manufacture and shipbuilding, have been replaced by high-technology manufacturing industries. The large companies often invest a lot of money in research and development (R& D) to find new and better, usually high-technology, products. BP³ now is the second-largest company in Europe. It is involved in oil and gas exploration, oil refining and the manufacture of petrochemical products. The government has invested a lot of money in Scotland to develop it as an important European centre for computer production. Many of large American and Japanese electronics companies have set up factories there. Now many smaller Scottish companies specialize in computer equipment.

5 In general the economy of the UK is one of the strongest in Europe: inflation, interest rates⁴, and unemployment remain low. It is a leading trading power and financial centre of Western Europe. Its closest trade partners are European countries – members of the EU⁵.

Пояснения к тексту:

¹ Gross domestic product (GDP) – валовой внутренний продукт (ВВП)

² consumer goods – потребительские товары

³ BP (British Petroleum) – Британская нефтедобывающая компания

⁴ interest rate – процентная ставка

⁵ EU (the European Union) – ЕС (Европейский Союз)

VIII. Прочтите 2-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. Why do large companies often invest money in research and development?

2. Can we say that British government does nothing to develop the economy of Scotland?

Вариант №5

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).

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