Note completion: Listen to a radio programme again and complete the sentences with the missing words and phrases.

1 The “first world” was the rich countries of (1) ………………, ……………….

2 The International Monetary Fund, The World Bank and other organisations lent them money and told the developing countries what kind of (2) ………………. to make in their country.

3 A lot of industries have (3) ………………..

4 These countries are changing faster and faster with every (4) ………………...

5 There is a serious argument that this process is (5) ……………… and that it …………………. in poor countries and in rich ones.

6 Some of the “anti-globalists” are really not interested about (6) ………………… at all.

7 However, the economic parts of the argument go something like this: international trade is good for a minority of people who (7) …………………. from big transactions.

8 The worst situation occurs in areas where there are no (8) …………………. that the rest of the world wants to buy.

9 The world’s wealth ends up going to the richest organisations in the richest countries, (9) …………………that are involved in international trade.

10 It leaves the poor countries either to pay back loans, or to buy (10) ………………….. that only the “First World” produces [83].

3 Summarise the information and write down the definition of the concept of ‘globalisation’.

Globalization __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

Integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan into the World Community

LEAD-IN

Generate ideas on the following issue.

Some people say that nowadays there are a lot of tendencies and factors which influence the strengthening of the regional integration processes in the world, while other people say that integration processes are affected by globalization and can have challenging consequences for the country’s economy, etc. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed? Give evidence to support your stance.

INFORMATION-ACCUMULATION: READING

Before you read: Elicit what you know on the following questions.

1. What is the aim of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)?

2. What is Supreme and permanent bodies of the SCO?

3. What do you know about the RK as a member of the UN?

2 Divide onto two groups: Group A read about the ‘Shanghai Cooperation organization (SCO)’, Group B read about ‘Cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the United Nations Organization’ and find out whether your answers to the questions in the previous exercise are correct.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was created in 2001 on the basis of the " Shanghai five" mechanism, after signing by heads of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan Agreements on strengthening of measures of trust in military area around border (1996, Shanghai) and Agreements on mutual reduction of armed forces around border (1997, Moscow).

According to SCO Charter (signed in June 7, 2002) the main goals of the Organization are strengthening of mutual trust, friendship and neighborliness, encouragement of effective cooperation in political, trade and economic, scientific and technical, cultural, educational, power, transport, ecological and other areas.

Present members of SCO are Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, observer-states – Mongolia (2004), India, Iran, Pakistan (2005), Afghanistan (2012), dialogue partners – Belarus, Sri Lanka (2009) and Turkey (2012).

Shanghai Cooperation Organization is not a closed alliance or military block, directed against any other states; it is open organization, focused on broad international cooperation, including possibility of enlargement. The main goals of SCO at present are maintaining peace, stability and safety in the region, development of economic and humanitarian cooperation.

The Council of Heads of State is the supreme SCO body. It determines priorities and defines major areas of activities of the Organization, decides upon the fundamental issues of its internal arrangement and functioning and its interaction with other States and international organizations, as well as considers the most topical international issues.

The Council holds its regular meetings once a year. A meeting of the Council of Heads of State is chaired by the head of State organizing this regular meeting. The venue of a regular meeting of the Council generally is determined in the Russian alphabetic order of names of the SCO member States.

The Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) approves the budget of the Organization, considers and decides upon major issues related to particular, especially economic, spheres of interaction within the Organization.

The Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs considers issues related to day-to-day activities of the Organization, preparation of meetings of the Council of Heads of State and holding of consultations on international problems within the Organization. The Council may, as appropriate, make statements on behalf of SCO.

The heads of branch ministries and/or agencies of the member States hold, on a regular basis, meetings for consideration of particular issues of interaction in respective fields within SCO. There are also coordination mechanisms of meetings on the level of ministers responsible for the external economic and foreign trade activity, ministers of defense, justice, emergency situations, transport, education, culture, healthcare, agriculture, finance and heads of National Banks.

In the SCO framework meetings of secretaries of Security Councils, judges of Supreme Courts and prosecutors general are held on a regular basis. The meeting of speakers of Parliaments was held in 2006.

The Council of National Coordinators of SCO Member State is a SCO body that coordinates and directs day-to-day activities of the Organization. It makes the necessary preparation for the meetings of the Council of Heads of State, the Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) and the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs. A meeting of the Council is chaired by the national coordinator of the Member State on whose territory the regular meeting of the Council of Heads of State takes place.

In solving organization’s main problem the most important role play SCO permanent bodies – the Secretariat of Organization in Beijing and Executive Committee of Regional counterterrorist structure (RCTS) in Tashkent. SCO Secretary General and Director of Executive Committee of RCTS are appointed from among the nationals of member States on a rotational basis in the Russian alphabetic order of the member States' names for a period of three years without a right to be reappointed for another period.

According to the practice, chairmanship in Organization is accomplished during the one year period starting from the date of the last ordinary meeting of the Council of Heads of State to the date of the next ordinary meeting of the Council of Heads of State on the territory of SCO Chairing state. The Republic of Kazakhstan held the SCO Chairmanship from June 2010 till June 2011, the Kyrgyz Republic - from June 2012 till September of 2013. The Republic of Tajikistan assumed Chairmanship of Organization in September 2013.

SCO basic documents

* SCO Charter

* Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

* Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism

* Treaty of the Long-term Good Neighborly and Friendly Cooperation among Member States of the SCO

* Rules of procedures of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

* Statute of the Secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

*Agreement between the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure

*Regulations on Observer Status at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

* Regulations on the Status of Dialogue Partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Member states:

Kazakhstan

China

Kyrgyzstan

Russia

Tajikistan, Uzbekistan

Observers:

Afghanistan

India

Iran

Mongolia

Pakistan

Dialogue partners:

Belarus

Sri Lanka

Turkey

[101] Global and Regional Secuirity. MFA, 2014

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