IV. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Одним из входных устройств является клавиатура.

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2. К устройствам ввода относятся мышка, сканер, микрофон и многое другое.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Самая главная часть компьютера – центральный процессор.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Память помогает компьютеру хранить информацию.

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5. Чем больше память в компьютере, тем больше операций можно выполнять.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Существуют 2 типа входных устройств: мягкая копия и твердая копия.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Passive Voice

Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола.

При спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол to be , смысловой же глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму – Past Participle. Следовательно, время определяется формой, в котором стоит глагол в страдательном залоге, определяется формой, в которой стоит вспомогательный глагол to be:

 

 

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	I am asked.	I am being asked.	I have been asked.
Past	I was asked.	I was being asked.	I had been asked.
Future	I shall be asked.	-	I shall have been asked.

 

При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:

Am I asked?

Меня спрашивают?

Shall I be asked? Меня спросят?

Have I been asked?

Меня спросили?

When was the book written?

Когда была написана книга?

При образовании отрицательной формы Passive Voice частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

I am not asked.

I shall not be asked.

С модальными глаголами must, can (could), may (might), should, ought to, have to, be to пассивная форма образуется с помощью to be и Past Participle основного глагола.

This work must be finished today.

This report ought to be finished tonight.

That room cannot be used as a classroom.

 

1.) Rewrite these sentences in the Passive using Present Simple Tense:

1. Students write tests every month.

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2. They make beautiful toys at this factory.

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3. They export millions of cars from Japan every year.

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4. Watchmakers repair watches.

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5. The bill includes service.

______________________________________________________________________

6. They close the shop. at 8.

______________________________________________________________________

7. He translates articles every day.

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8. She doesn't send telegrams before every holiday.

______________________________________________________________________

2.) Supply the Passive forms of the verbs in the box, using the Past Simple Tense: invent, plant, kill, write, discover, design, paint, build, name:

1. When _____________ America_____________________________________?

2. Five fruit-trees _________________________________ in our garden last year.

3. The picture Mona Liza___________________________ by Leonardo da Vinci.

4. Marat __________________________________________________ in his bath.

5. Radio ________________________________________________ by A.Popov.

6. The first pyramid of Egypt _____________________________around 3000 BC.

7. The Winter Palace _______________________________________by Rastrelli.

8. " War and Peace" _______________________________________by L.Tolstoy.

9. Rossi street ____________________________after a famous Russian architect.

3.) Make the following sentences active:

1. Peripheral devices can be attached to the computer.

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2. Computer instructions are also called programs.

______________________________________________________________________

3. This work is usually performed manually.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Computers are used to monitor environmental problems.

______________________________________________________________________

5. Today the lives of most of us are affected by a computer every day.

______________________________________________________________________

6. This program was damaged by a computer virus.

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7. The ’crash behavior’ of the airplane was determined by the scientists.

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8. This monitor was designed by Dell Corp.

______________________________________________________________________

4.) Make the following sentences passive:

1. Hardware also includes peripheral devices.

______________________________________________________________________

2. Educators use computers in the classroom.

______________________________________________________________________

3. Scientists can build computer models of airplane crashes.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Today many businesses and organizations own computers.

______________________________________________________________________

5. These organizations use computers for different purposes.

______________________________________________________________________

6. Computers can process data in a fraction of time.

______________________________________________________________________

7. Engineers use computers to design replacement for the damaged bone.

______________________________________________________________________

8. Computers are changing our life.

______________________________________________________________________

 

Unit 5

Software

Not visible units the software. Software consists of the instruction to the computer that enable it to do things, such as finding the best sport to drill for oil or playing a competitive game of bridge. These computer instructions are also called programs.

Computers only do what they are told to do. Often, we want the computer to do the same thing again and again. So standard instructions – programs – are produced.

First though, a computer needs to know where, within its built-in memory, to store information and how to work on it. This basic program is called an operating system (or disk operating system).

One popular operating system, introduced with the IBM PC, is called MS-DOS (from (M)icro(S)oft (D)isk (O)preating (S)ystem). A recent development from MS-DOS lets you tell the computer what to do by “pointing” at things (words or pictures) on the screen. This easy to use system is called Windows.

Once the computer has its operating instructions it can be programmed to do many other things. Popular computer programs include word processors, databases, spreadsheets and graphics:

· Word processors produce the printed words – immaculately.

· Databases store masses of information – for easy access.

· Spreadsheets record and process numbers.

· Graphics programs produce graphs and diagrams.

 

 

Vocabulary:

Data base база данных

Access доступ

Graphic графика

Operating system операционная система

to enable разрешать, позволять, допускать

Spreadsheet электронная таблица

to record записывать

Built-in встроенный

Disk operating system дисковая операционная система

Word processor текстовый процессор

Directory директория

Root корневой

Subdirectory субдиректория

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