Put the italicized verbs in the Past and rewrite the sentences, paying attention to the Sequence of Tenses.

1) Nick asks when fresh newspapers will be brought.

2) I am asked when the lecture begins.

3) She is sure that they got tickets for the concert yesterday.

4) I hope that your brother will come to our party.

5) I think he has passed his examinations very well.

6) He says that he no longer lives there.

7) We know that he is busy now.

8) She says she is going to apply for the job.

You have to make a report about a conference.

The subject of the conference: “How we can save the environment”. Tell about the following issues, using such phrases as “Scientist from Brasilia said…”, “African conservationists propose…”, “Dr Nert claims that…”, “Participants suggested…”, etc.

1) We protect wild animals` natural habitats.

2) Some animals may become extinct.

3) Governments should reduce exhaust of harmful fumes.

4) Can we put stricter laws into effect?

5) We encourage people to use environmentally friendly products.

6) We don`t pollute the water or damage the ozon layer.

7) More people should use public transport or bicycles.

8) What is done to encourage factories to recycle?

Translate the following sentences into English.

1) Он сказал, что будет делать доклад в понедельник.

2) Меня спросили, опытный ли он преподаватель.

3) Твоя сестра сказала, что видела новую пьесу на прошлой неделе.

4) Докладчик спросил нас, идем ли мы на лекцию.

5) Агентство «Рейтер» сообщило, что были проведены уникальные опыты с корой головного мозга.

6) Репортеры интересовались, много ли времени потребовалось ученому, чтобы сформировать у мыши условный рефлекс на звук.

7) Ученый ответил, что много времени у него отнял сам эксперимент.

8) Журналисты спросили, каковы достоинства нового способа исследования внешнего и внутреннего торможения условного рефлекса.

 

 

GRAMMAR pages

Section 14

Reported speech

Косвенная речь используется, когда необходимо передать слова третьего лица. Для передачи косвенной речи часто используются такие глаголы, как: to tell, to say, to speak, to notice, to remark, to exclaim, to add, to inform, to remind, to explain и др.

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь	Пример
Present simple	Past simple	Nick said: ”Sometimes I come home late”. Nick said that sometimes he came home late.
Present continuous	Past continuous	Nick said: ”My sister is studying French “. Nick said that his sister was studying French.
Present perfect	Past perfect	Nick said: ”My friend has just arrived from Paris”. Nick said that his friend had just arrived from Paris.
Present perfect continuous	Past perfect continuous	Nick said: ”I`ve been running this business for 3 years.” Nick said he had been running that business for 3 years.
Past simple	Past perfect	Nick said: ”I didn`t write that letter”. Nick said that he had not written that letter.
Past continuous	Past perfect continuous	Nick said: ”I was watching TV yesterday evening.” Nick said he had been watching TV the previous day.
Past perfect	Past perfect	Nick said: ” I had read lots of articles before I completed my report.” Nick said that he had read lots of articles before he completed his report.
Past perfect continuous	Past perfect continuous	Nick said: ”I had been looking for that article for weeks before I found it”. Nick said he had been looking for that article for weeks before he found it.
Will	Would	Nick said: ”I will go to Italy.” Nick said he would go to Italy.
Can	Could	Nick said: “I can write the article”. Nick said that he could write the article.
Must\have to	Had to	Nick said: ”I have to leave early”. Nick said he had to leave early.
may	might	Nick said: ” I may return later”. Nick said that he might return later.

 

При использовании косвенной речи часто необходимо изменить слово или словосочетание, указывающее на место или время:

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
here	there
now	then
tomorrow	the next\following day
tonight	that night
next week\month\year	the following week\month\year
yesterday	the day before\the previous day
last week\month\year	the week\month\year before the previous week\month\year
ago	before\previously

 

Для того, чтобы перевести в косвенную речь общий вопрос (yes\no question ), необходимо использовать слова if, whether:

“Do you live here? ” he asked.

He asked me whether I lived there.

Exercises

Put the following words and phrases in the proper column after the verbs of speaking they go together with.

you something important a word English to a friend no

about simple things to the brother that dinner is ready

this in Russian a story me to prepare all my papers for the exam

the difference between a rat and a mouse little in public

quickly and loudly us some good news

 

speak	talk	say	tell

 

Rewrite the following sentences as the Reported speech.

прямая речь	косвенная речь
1) ”Tiny yeast germs cause fermentation! ” – Pasteur exclaimed. 2) “So, these tiny cells may be the cause of diseases”, he wrote in his diary. 3) “I will find the cause of diseases and produce substances effective in curing them”, he once said to his colleague	1) Pasteur discovered that …..   2) He concluded that…..   3) Pasteur began to hope that…….

 

Put these verbs in the appropriate form into the gaps.

say report exclaim state ask reply tell

1) “The weather is getting better”, he ………………to me.

2) “How are you? ”, my friend …………. me.

3) “I am all right, thank you”, I …………….

4) “Ouch! I’ve burnt my finger! ” father …………..

5) “The experiments have been successful”, professor Quirk ……………. at the conference.

6) “So, this substance cannot be used in medicine, ” the scientist ……………..

7) “I am going away for a few days, ” she ………….. us.

Rewrite the sentences from Exercise 3 in the Reported Speech.

Complete the sentences using your own ideas.

1. He told us that ………………… had become ………………………...

2. We were happy that ………………………… would go ………………….

3. The Mars station reports that ………………………. walked …………………..

4. The congress stated that ……………….. were punished ……………..

5. We understood that ………………. hadn’t said …………………...

6. He asked me why …………………… was …………………..

7. We decided that ………………… should pay …………………….

Rewrite the following sentences as the Reported speech, mind the Sequence of Tenses.

1) I said to him: “Don’t open the window”.

2) “Stay in bed for two days”, the doctor said.

3) “The experiment is to be stopped”, the physiologist said.

4) All my friends asked me “How long did you stay in the South? ”

5) I asked my friends “Will you attend the lecture on ‘Conditioned Reflexes’? ”

6) “The operation was very difficult”, the physician reported.

7) “Can you prove your idea? ” the reporter asked me.

8) “This is absolutely senseless! ” my colleague exclaimed.

Translate into English.

1) Он спросил, когда будут известны результаты эксперимента.

2) Пастер надеялся, что сможет найти причину болезни бешенства и средство излечения ее.

3) Я думала, что они все еще живут на юге.

4) Мы были уверены, что он скажет о своих наблюдениях в докладе.

5) Мне сказали, что кто-то ждет меня в лаборатории.

6) Ему сказали, что директор еще не подписал письмо.

7) Пастеру сказали, что бешенная собака искусала мальчика.

8) Пастер считал, что брожение вина вызывается бактериями.

9) Мы надеялись, что она примет во внимание наши замечания.

10) Я слышал, что он раньше работал в Пулковской обсерватории.

 

GRAMMAR pages

Section 15

Linking Words

Предложения можно соединять разными способами. Например:

Для связи похожих понятий (similar qualities) используются следующие выражения:

…….. and also……

……and …….as well.

………….. as well as……….

In addition to……also.

……..both…………and

Для связи противоположных понятий (opposing qualities) используются следующие выражения:

……………..but…………

…………nevertheless\however…………..

Although\in spite of the fact that…………..

Слова-cвязки, которые используются для того, чтобы выразить:

Последовательность событий (sequence of events)

At first, before, until, while, during, then, after, finally, as soon as, eventually, at last.

Мнение говорящего (to state the personal opinion)

In my opinion, to my mind, I believe, I think, in my view, it seems to me, fortunately, unfortunately.

Противоположное мнение (to introduce contrasting opinion)

It is argued that, on the other hand, contrary to, in spite of, nevertheless.

Дополнить данные или точку зрения (to add data or opinion)

Nowadays, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, besides, not to mention the fact, in general, nevertheless.

Сделать вывод (to conclude)

To sum up, all in all, all things considered, in conclusion, thus, therefore, consequently, so, actually, as a result.

Объяснить причину (to explain cause)

Because of, owing to, due to.

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